Dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse hanya ce mai kyau don shuka ‘ya’yan itace da wuri kuma a sami girbi mai yawa, ba tare da la’akari da yanayin yanayi ba. Zai yiwu a shuka tsaba ko seedlings na cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, dasa shuki a cikin bazara, kaka har ma da hunturu. Yi la’akari da ka’idodin da ya dace na noman cucumbers a cikin unheated da mai tsanani greenhouses.
Saukowa da girma cucumbers a cikin wani greenhouse
Bukatun don ƙirar greenhouse
- Don yin firam na greenhouse, ana amfani da itace ko ƙarfe, amma yana da kyau a yi firam ɗin filastik (ba zai ɓata ko tsatsa ba). Zai fi kyau a zabi gilashi a matsayin sutura, ko da yake kayan polycarbonate da sanannun fim din da ba su da tsada da aka yi da polyethylene suna dauke da zaɓuɓɓuka masu kyau.
- Don shigar da greenhouses, zaɓi wurare masu haske da sauri da sauri tare da isowar bazara.
- Dasa cucumbers a cikin bazara a cikin greenhouse yana buƙatar shirye-shiryen ƙasa na musamman daga kaka. Babban Layer na ƙasa (4-6 cm) yana buƙatar cire shi, tunda a can ne akwai ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da cututtuka a cikin seedlings. Sassan katako na greenhouse da ƙasa da kanta ana bi da su tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate, sa’an nan kuma takin tare da ƙasa (takin, phosphorous-potassium da takin mai magani), yayyafa shi da lemun tsami (300-400 g da 1 m2) kuma an haƙa a hankali. zurfin felu.
- A cikin bazara, kafin dasa shuki tsaba, an shirya ƙasa a sake: an haɗe shi da taki kuma yana samar da ridges bisa ga makirci: nisa – kusan 1 m, tsayi – 20-30 cm. Dole ne a yi hanyar wucewa tsakanin ramukan (kimanin 60 cm) don samun damar kula da tsire-tsire da girbi.
- Shirye-shiryen gyare-gyaren ya dogara da girman Arnica.Saboda haka, don greenhouses tare da nisa na 2-3 m, yana da kyawawa don zaɓar tsarin dasa shuki tare da raƙuman ruwa guda biyu a gefe da kuma hanya tsakanin su. Don greenhouses tare da nisa na 4 m, zaku iya yin furrows 3 ko fiye tare da wucewa da yawa.
- Bayan da aka kafa tsagi, an sanya trellis na waya a kansu, wanda aka ɗaure cucumbers daga baya.
Hanyar iri
A cikin yankunan kudu, ana shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin greenhouse a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, a cikin yankuna masu sanyi a watan Mayu, lokacin da zafin iska ya tashi zuwa 18 ° C. (Idan yana yiwuwa a haskaka da zafi da greenhouse, an yarda da shuka iri a kowane lokaci.) Ana yin shuka a cikin ƙasa mai kyau da kuma shayar da shi, don haka samar da zafi mai mahimmanci don germination na tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Maimakon taki, ana yawan amfani da sauran mahadi, misali faɗuwar ganye ko sawdust.
da 1 km2. Ana ba da shawarar shuka ba fiye da tsire-tsire 4 ba, in ba haka ba yawan yawa zai yi tasiri ga yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ramin 1-1.5 cm zurfi kuma shuka 1 ko 2 hatsi a cikin su, dangane da amincewa da shuka iri. (Idan duka tsaba sun tsiro, bar seedling mai ƙarfi kuma a yanka na biyu zuwa tushen.) Daga sama, amfanin gona an rufe shi da wani bakin ciki Layer na seedlings.
Shiri na farko
Wasu lambu sun yi imanin cewa tare da ƙasa mai kyau, babu ƙarin shirye-shiryen iri ya zama dole, amma wasu sun fi son yin aiki tare da tsaba don haɓaka germination. Bayan makonni 3, an jika su a cikin ruwan gishiri don cire miyagun mutane, wadanda ke iyo. Daga nan sai a jika tsaba na kwata na awa daya a cikin maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta na manganese, sannan a wanke a ajiye a cikin wani sinadarin gina jiki (cakudin ruwan Aloe da maganin ash na itace zabin ne).
Hanyar seedling
Seedlings dole ne a shirye don dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse
Mutane da yawa sun fi son shuka iri a gida sannan su dasa ciyawar da aka gama a cikin greenhouse. Idan za ta yiwu, lokacin shuka, ya kamata a dasa tsaba a cikin kwantena daban (tukunin peat, bawo kwai, da sauransu). Ana shirya nau’in da aka rigaya ta hanyar dumama, tsaftacewa, da jiƙa kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya. Ƙasar da ta dace don seedlings shine cakuda peat, sawdust, ruɓaɓɓen takin ko taki, ƙasa turf. Bugu da kari, ana iya siyan substrate seedling na musamman a cikin kantin sayar da shirye don amfani.
Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1.5-2 cm, ana shayar da ruwa mai dumi kuma an rufe shi da filastik. Ana sanya tankuna tare da tsire-tsire a cikin dumi, wuri mai haske, inda zafin jiki ya kasance a 25-30 ° C kuma, idan ya cancanta, amfanin gona yana haskakawa. Tare da isowar harbe, ana rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 20 ° C kuma an cire fim ɗin. Lokacin da tsire-tsire 3-4 suka bayyana akan seedlings, ana iya dasa su a cikin greenhouse.
Hardening da shuka da tsaba
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, seedlings dole ne a taurare. A cikin makonni 1-2, an kafa zazzabi don seedlings: a rana – 17-18 ° C, da dare – 13-14 ° C. Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa tare da dunƙule don yin wannan, samar da rijiyoyin da suka dace, a bi da su da maganin manganese da kuma zuba su a kan ruwan dumi. Ana ajiye seedling ta yadda dunƙulen ƙasa ya zama santimita biyu sama da gefen ramin.
Fall da hunturu dasa
Don girbi fall, ana bada shawarar shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouse a ƙarshen Agusta. yayin da kasa ke da dumi sosai. Yawancin lokaci ana yin wannan ta hanyar shuka, duk da haka, an ba da izinin shuka tsaba don shuka a gida kuma a dasa tsire-tsire masu shirye a cikin greenhouse a farkon Oktoba. Don dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’in da balagagge balagagge wanda ke da juriya ga canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki.
Don dasa shuki na hunturu, kuna buƙatar greenhouse mai zafi da ƙarin haske.
Hakanan, don girma cucumbers a cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’ikan pollinated kai. domin ba sai ka lissafta kudan zuma a lokacin sanyi ba.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka tsaba a farkon Disamba don samun sabbin cucumbers a cikin rabin na biyu na Fabrairu.
Ban ruwa da ciyarwa
Watering cucumbers dole ne a hankali sosai, To ruwa moistened ƙasa kuma ba ya taba ganye (don kauce wa konewa). Har sai tsiron ya yi fure, ruwa sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 5, bayan samuwar fure – sau ɗaya kowace kwana 3. Idan yanayi yana da dumi, ya kamata ku sha ruwa akai-akai, da kyau kowace rana.
Ya kamata a yi shayarwa da safe, tare da ruwa mai dumi. Girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouse a cikin kaka da hunturu yana buƙatar tsarin shayarwa daban-daban: a cikin kaka ya isa ya shayar da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a mako, kuma kusa da hunturu kuma daga Disamba zuwa Janairu. , sau biyu a wata.
Idan leaf na greenhouse cucumbers jũya rawaya da kuma mai tushe zama jinkirin da kananan, da shuke-shuke rasa nitrogen. Tare da rashin phosphorus, ana lura da launi mai laushi na takardar, wanda nan da nan ya bushe zuwa baki. Idan gefuna na ganye sun juya launin ruwan kasa kuma ‘ya’yan itacen ƙugiya, tsire-tsire ba su da potassium. Don kada a sami wani bayyanar rashin abubuwan ganowa, yana iya zama doka don aiwatar da hadadden suturar cucumbers kowane kwanaki 10, farawa daga lokacin ‘ya’yan itace (makonni 3-4 bayan dasa shuki).
Shawarwari masu amfani
- Lokacin zabar nau’i-nau’i don greenhouse, la’akari ba kawai lokacin girbin da ake so da hanyar pollination ba, har ma da dacewa da iri-iri don yanayi na musamman. Sabili da haka, nau’ikan masu jure sanyi sun dace da yankuna masu sanyi: Altai, Miranda, Amur da sauransu. A cikin yankunan da ke da zafi mai zafi, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar nau’in nau’in da ke da tsayayya ga yanayin zafi (Shark, Lutoyar, da dai sauransu), in ba haka ba a cikin Yuli mai zafi cucumbers za su ƙone.
- Don shuka tsaba da aka shuka kai tsaye a cikin greenhouse, yana da matukar muhimmanci a kula da babban ƙasa da yanayin iska. Don yin wannan, tare da cirewar farko na ƙasa, zaku iya yin matsuguni na kowane iri ta amfani da kwalban filastik na yau da kullun, a yanka a cikin ƙasa.
- Kafin dasa, ana iya shuka tsaba a gaba. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da acid boric don wannan (zaku iya ɗaukar wani mai haɓaka haɓaka), wanda aka jiƙa tsaba na sa’o’i 12-14. Sa’an nan kuma an canja su zuwa rigar marlechka kuma sanya su a wurare masu dumi (kimanin 22 ° C). Lokacin da tsaba suka girma, ana iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa: kai tsaye a cikin greenhouse ko a cikin tukwane don seedlings.
- Kada a bar ciyawa, ganyaye da suka fadi da sauran tarkace a kan gadaje tare da cucumbers, saboda wannan yana jawo kwari kuma yana haifar da cututtuka.
- Saboda rashin danshi a cikin cucumbers, kaska na iya bayyana wanda zai iya lalata duk sakamakon noman. Matakan magance shi: gaba ɗaya sassauta ƙasa, ruwa a cikin lokaci, bi da ganye tare da tincture na kwasfa albasa, fumigate da greenhouse tare da sulfur.
- Idan ka shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi ko kuma ka zuba ruwa mai sanyi sosai, za su iya haifar da ciwon fungal, wanda ake kira tushen ko tushen rot. Abin takaici, ba za a iya warkewa ba – dole ne a cire bushes da suka lalace sosai daga greenhouse don kare sauran tsire-tsire.
- Yakamata a rika dibar cikkaken cucumbers akai-akai domin kara kuzarin sabbin ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Ana iya yin girbi da safe ko da yamma, sau ɗaya kowace rana 2, kuma zai fi dacewa – kullum.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
