Dankalin Sante shine farkon tsakiyar tebur iri-iri tare da ma’auni mai kyau na dandano da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Halayensa sun sa al’adun ya zama sananne ga masu lambu da mazauna bazara. Ba shi da fa’ida, mai sauƙin kulawa, kuma yana da juriya ga mafi yawan yanayi masu raɗaɗi.
Halayen papa Sante
Daban-daban fasali da
Yawancin mazauna bazara da masu lambu suna shuka dankalin Sante, ba tare da sanin sunansa ba. Haihuwar shukar ita ce Holland. Lokacin ciyayi daga bayyanar farkon seedlings zuwa girbin dankalin turawa shine kwanaki 85-90.
Bayanin dankalin turawa:
- Dajin yana tsaye, ƙasa.
- Tushen tsarin yana da rassa sosai.
- Ganyen suna da sauƙi, duhu kore.
- Furen suna fari, manya, an tattara su cikin inflorescences na corolla.
Daga 15 zuwa 15 an ɗaure a ƙarƙashin kowane daji tubers 20. Akwai idanu da yawa a cikinsu, amma ba su da zurfi kuma sabili da haka kusan ba a iya gani.
Abin dandano na dankalin turawa yana da dadi, mai tsanani, baya buƙatar dogon dafa abinci. A lokacin zafi magani, tubers ba su canza launi. Ana amfani da su don yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta, samfurori daban-daban da aka kammala, cikawa da kayan gasa.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Kayan amfanin gona yana da dandano mai kyau, yana haifar da yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Amfanin dankalin Sante sune kamar haka:
- babban yawan amfanin ƙasa – har zuwa 28-50 t / ha,
- kyau tushen amfanin gona: rawaya taushi harsashi,
- manyan tubers: yawan su ya kai 150-200 g;
- an adana shi da kyau – bakin ciki, amma bawo mai yawa da dogaro yana kare tushen amfanin gona daga tasiri.
- A zahiri ba ya cutar da scab dankalin turawa, mosaic, nematodes masu haifar da cyst, da ciwon daji.
Yana da kyau a lura da wasu gazawar da masu lambu zasu fuskanta yayin girma iri:
- yana dakatar da kuka yayin bushewa.
- an ware shi kawai don yankuna masu zafi,
- yana son wuraren rana, don haka ba zai yiwu a yi shuka mai kyau a cikin ƙasa mai inuwa ba,
- ya fi son haske, ƙasa mai dausayi mai wadatar da iskar oxygen,
- baya jure sanyi,
- ƙananan abun ciki na sitaci ya sa ya dace da dankali mai dankali.
Irin dankalin turawa na Sante ba shi da ma’ana, don haka idan aka ba da duk fa’idodinsa da rashin amfaninsa, zaku iya samun girbi mai kyau. Ba a ba da shawarar yin girma a kan ƙasa mai nauyi da kuma a cikin yankunan da ke da yanayi mai tsanani, saboda duk ƙoƙarin da aka yi ba zai haifar da sakamakon da ake so ba.
Shuka dankali
Zauna bayan daskarewa
Wannan nau’in yana da ƙauna mai zafi sosai, don haka ya kamata ku dasa shi lokacin da sanyi zai shuɗe kuma ingantaccen yanayi mai dumi zai kafa. A cewar masana kimiyya, nau’in Sante ba shi da saurin lalacewa. Amma masana sun ba da shawarar sabunta tsaba kowane shekaru 5-7. Ana ɗaukar su ne daga amfanin gona mafi yawan amfanin gona waɗanda ba sa kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari. Ana tattara wannan kayan daban, a bushe a hankali, an rarraba shi kuma a adana shi daban.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Tun lokacin faɗuwar, kuna buƙatar yanke shawara akan zaɓin rukunin yanar gizon. Ya kamata ya zama rana kuma an kiyaye shi daga zayyanawa, da kyau a zubar da shi, mai yalwaci kuma cike da oxygen. Mafi kyawun magabata na nightshades sune legumes, kabeji, facelas ko radish.
An tona ƙasa sosai, an zaɓi ciyawa da tushensu, ana amfani da takin nitrogen. Kada ku wuce gona da iri tare da nitrogen, in ba haka ba saman zai fara girma da sauri kuma ci gaban tubers zai ragu. Idan ƙasa ba ta da kyau, yi humus ko zubar da tsuntsaye.
Noman dankalin turawa
Kuna buƙatar shuka iri a lokacin da sanyin bazara ya wuce. Ana ba da shawarar yin wannan a cikin shekaru goma na farko na Mayu, lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai.
Kafin dasa shuki, kayan iri suna tsiro. Don yin wannan, an yada shi tare da ball a cikin daki ko a cikin greenhouse. A cikin busassun iska, ana fesa tubers da ruwa. An yi la’akari da dankalin turawa a shirye don shuka lokacin da harbe suka kai 1 cm.
Ana sanya ɗan ash ko humus a cikin ramukan da aka yi a nesa na 30-40 cm. Ramukan suna da zurfi: har zuwa 10 cm. An shimfiɗa layi ɗaya daga jere a nesa na 60 cm.
Kula da dankalin turawa
Dole ne a kula da dankali akai-akai: ruwa, sassauta ƙasa, tono weeds, takin da spud, cire kwari a cikin lokaci.
Dokokin kula da amfanin gona:
- Kwanaki 6-7 bayan shuka, ya kamata a yayyafa ƙasa ko kuma a kwashe kuma a cire ciyawa. Idan ƙasa ta yi girma da sauri, ana maimaita taron bayan mako guda, amma an kwance shi a hankali don kada ya lalata harbe.
- Bayan an yi layi, dole ne a sassauta ƙasar da ke kewaye da tsire-tsire da fartanya.
- Ya kamata a shuka amfanin gona mai tsayi 17-20 cm, wannan zai kare shi daga sanyi.
Dole ne a aiwatar da duk waɗannan matakan ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa. Yin watsi da aƙalla ɗaya daga cikinsu zai shafi ingancin tubers da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Watse
Shuka
shayar da shi akai-akai Dankali na wannan iri-iri yana buƙatar ƙasa mai ɗanɗano matsakaici da dindindin. Idan yanayi ya bushe, ya kamata ku shayar da shi. Kuna iya magance matsalar ta hanyar amfani da tsarin ban ruwa na drip: ƙasa koyaushe za ta zama rigar, amma ruwa ba zai lalata shi ba.
Tare da shayar da hannu, ana zuba aƙalla lita 3 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin kowane daji. Don kaucewa samuwar scab, bayan sa’o’i 24, ƙasan da ke kusa da shuka dole ne a karya shi da fartanya.
Overwatering na iya haifar da ci gaban cutar ‘baƙar ƙafa’, kuma babban ɓangaren shuka a cikin wannan yanayin yana shafar ƙwayar dankalin turawa ko aphid.
Taki
Gabatar da hadadden ma’adinai da takin gargajiya shine abin da ake buƙata don babban aiki. Dankali yana buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki fiye da amfanin gona. Bugu da ƙari, tushen tsarin ba shi da kyau, kuma a farkon lokacin girma, shuka yana raunana kayan abinci daga ƙasa. Sabili da haka, masu aikin lambu suna aiwatar da ba kawai tushen tushen ba, har ma da foliar.
Ya kamata a ciyar da Sante tare da hanyar tushen sau uku: a lokacin seedlings, samuwar toho da lokacin fure. Mafi kyawun sutura ga shuka shine ash ko zubar da tsuntsaye.
An yi suturar farko tare da zubar da tsuntsaye: 200 g na droppings ana ɗauka a cikin guga na ruwa, a karo na biyu ta yin amfani da cakuda ash da takin mai magani na potash – gilashin ash da 2 tablespoons. l potassium sulfate ga kowane lita 10 na ruwa. A lokacin lokacin furanni, ana ciyar da amfanin gona tare da jiko na 2 tablespoons. l superphosphate da 200 g na taki a cikin guga na ruwa.
Zuba 500 ml na wannan samfurin a ƙarƙashin kowane daji.
Ana yin suturar saman foliar yayin budding. Ana fesa shuka tare da Immunocytaf da Epin Extra.
Kula da kwaro
Babban abokan gaba na Sante dankalin turawa iri-iri su ne Colorado dankalin turawa beetles. Gogaggen lambu suna fesa iri da maganin Prestige kuma suna kare amfanin gona daga kwari ta wannan hanyar.
Idan ba zai yiwu a bi da tsaba a cikin bazara ba, ana amfani da hanyoyin nazarin halittu da sinadarai don sarrafa ƙwayar dankalin turawa ta Colorado. Ana tattara kwari da tsutsa da kwai ana kona su.
Idan hanyoyin sarrafa halittu ba su ba da sakamako mai nasara ba, ana kula da amfanin gona tare da maganin kashe kwari Confidor-Maxi, Dantop, Mospilan. Ya kamata a gudanar da magani na ƙarshe bai wuce wata ɗaya kafin girbi ba.
Bayanin sauran kwari da matakan sarrafa su:
- Nematode mai tushe – yana cutar da tubers, fararen fata masu laushi suna samuwa a ƙarƙashin fata. A sakamakon haka, kwasfa ya bushe, ya fara raguwa a bayan ɓangaren litattafan almara, aibobi masu duhu tare da tint na ƙarfe sun bayyana. Rabin dankalin turawa ya kasance cikin koshin lafiya, amma ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga ta cikin bawon da ya lalace kuma tsarin bazuwar ya fara, yayin ajiya, tubers masu lafiya suna kamuwa da marasa lafiya kuma amfanin gona ya ɓace. Ma’auni na rigakafi shine shuka amfanin gona a wuri guda kafin shekaru 3-4 sannan a yi amfani da kayan shuka mai lafiya.
- Dankali asu: yana shafar tsire-tsire na dangin Solanaceae. Su caterpillars suna cin tubers, suna yin motsi a cikin su. Suna iya tauna mai tushe kuma su ci ganye. Suna yaki da annoba da maganin kwari.
- Wireworms da bear suna cin tubers na shuka. Don hana haifuwar su, dole ne a dasa ƙasa sosai a ƙarshen kaka ko farkon bazara, yana lalata ƙasa acidic. Ya kamata a zaɓi tsutsa mai tsutsa daga ƙasa.
Matakan da aka ɗauka akan lokaci na iya kare tsire-tsire daga yuwuwar kwari. Wajibi ne a ci gaba da lura da lafiyar dankali da gano kwari da cututtuka a cikin lokaci.
Halayen nau’ikan Sante, wato rigakafi ga yanayi masu raɗaɗi da yawa da kulawa mara kyau, sun sanya dankalin Sante ya shahara tare da mazauna bazara da masu lambu. A kan ƙasa mai haske da ƙasa mai albarka, amfanin gona yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Duk wanda ya yi ƙoƙari ya shuka wannan dankalin sau ɗaya ba zai sake yin watsi da shi ba.
