bayanin da zaɓi na iri-iri. –

Saitin albasa shine sunan kayan shuka na albasa na yau da kullun, kuma ba iri-iri ba. Mutane sun san albasa don amfanin su da kayan warkarwa, kamar yadda kakanninmu suka girma a ƙasarsu, sun yi imani da sihirinsu, kuma suna maganin cututtuka.

Saitin albasa

A yau, albasa shine samfurin da ba dole ba ne a cikin ɗakin dafa abinci, kuma ikon shuka su da kanka shine farin ciki na mai lambu. Yana da mahimmanci don shuka da kuma kula da iri yadda ya kamata, sanin wasu daga cikin dabara.

Iri, bayanin su da halaye

Akwai nau’ikan iri da yawa waɗanda suka dace da shuka iri a gida. Mafi kyawun waɗanda suka wuce kowane nau’in gwaje-gwaje don noma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai wahala kafin zaɓi.

Yadda za a zabi nau’in albasa iri-iri tare da bayanin ta nau’in?

Hercules (wanda kuma aka sani da Gulliver ko Hercules)

Hercules (Gulliver) – nau’in albasa iri-iri (daga 1 m2 zaka iya tattara har zuwa 7 kg). Ta hanyar dogon zaɓi, wannan nau’in albasa an samo shi daga albasa na Dutch na al’ada. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, yana da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye, saurin lokacin maturation, kuma yana da tsayayya ga kwari.

Kwallan kankara

Ƙwallon ƙanƙara, ko Ƙwallon ƙanƙara, fari ne da ba shi da kaifi sosai a dandano kuma ana amfani da shi don shirya salati. Halin ‘ya’yan itace kamar haka: farin ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda aka girma a ko’ina, saboda iri-iri ba shi da ma’ana ga tsarin zafin jiki. Kuna iya adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa har sai bazara.

Strigunovsky Local

Wani nau’in nau’in albasarta, wanda ba shi da ma’ana ga yanayin yanayi. Ana iya girma duka a cikin yankuna masu zafi da m. A ko’ina Strigunovsky ana cinye shi danye kuma ana ƙara shi zuwa jita-jita daban-daban yayin dafa abinci.

Turbo

Manyan kwararan fitila suna buƙatar ƙasa mai albarka. Rayuwar shiryayye na nau’ikan Turbo kusan watanni 6-8 ne. Sau da yawa ana amfani da shi don dafa wasu jita-jita, a cikin ɗanyen siffa da kayan lambu, saboda ƙaƙƙarfan ɗanɗanon da ba a cika amfani da shi ba. Ana bada shawarar tono kwararan fitila bayan manne ya bushe gaba daya.

Troy

Troy shine farkon balaga, iri-iri mai kaifi (amma ba kaifi ba). Yawan aiki ya kai kilogiram 5 a kowace murabba’in kilomita 1. m. Halaye da cututtuka na albasa amfanin gona, ba mai saukin kamuwa.

Helenas

Helenas yana nufin tsakiyar farkon. Yana da wani ɓangaren litattafan almara-kore kuma ana yawan ci danye. Rashin hasara: rashin zaman lafiya a matsanancin yanayin zafi da ɗan gajeren rayuwa (har zuwa watanni shida).

Senshui

Senshui nau’in juriyar sanyi ne (har zuwa -15 ° C) wanda Jafananci ke samu lokacin kiwo. Ana amfani dashi a cikin abinci da kuma kiyayewa. Yana da lokacin girma da wuri da kuma tsawon rai.

Elan

Elan yana cikin shekarun balaga. Idan an yanke shi ba ya haifar da hawaye, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai wajen dafa abinci kuma an amince da amfani da shi ga masu fama da matsalar gastrointestinal.

Saiton

Setton yana daya daga cikin shahararrun nau’ikan, mai jurewa ga harbi, yana da ɗanɗano mai ƙarfi, farkon maturation, rayuwar shiryayye (har zuwa watanni 7). Dace da ƙwararru da kuma mai son noman iri.

rumba

Rumba yana da matsakaicin maturation, ɗanɗanon tsibiri da farin nama wanda aka lulluɓe cikin ma’aunin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa. Ƙananan yawan aiki (3.5 zuwa 5 kg a kowace 1 m2) ba ya ƙyale shi ya zama ajiyar ajiya a cikin hunturu, amma gashin tsuntsu shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.

Shakespeare

Shakespeare shine farkon balagagge iri-iri na albasa hunturu. Farin nama yana da ɗanɗanon ɗan adam. Kayan lambu yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka da kwari, kuma yana jure wa yanayin zafi kadan (har zuwa -18 ° C). Ana buƙatar tun da yana da manyan kawuna da halaye masu kyau.

Dutsen farin ciki

Dutsen yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi. Rayuwar sabis mai tsayi, yanayin yanayi mara fa’ida da juriya ga harbi sun sa Gladstone ya zama iri-iri mai mahimmanci tsakanin masu fafatawa. Ana iya shuka shi a farkon bazara da tsakiyar lokacin rani.

Corrado

Corado yana ripens da wuri, nau’in shuka shine kintinkiri. Sikeli yayi yawa kuma naman fari ne. Kwan fitila yana zagaye, wani lokacin yana dan tsawo sama. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye, har sai sabon amfanin gona. An bambanta kayan lambu da matsakaicin nauyin kwan fitila da juriya na sanyi, ikon dasawa da tsaba, kuma kwaro kuma ba ya ci.

Rosanna (Rossana)

Rossana, wanda kuma aka sani da Rosanna, an adana shi na dogon lokaci amma ba iri-iri ba ne mai sanyi, ma’auninsa ja ne mai launin rawaya, naman yana da yawa kuma mai daɗi. Irin wannan kayan lambu yana da matukar juriya ga harbe-harben albasa, kwari da cututtuka.

Shetana

Shetan, ko Shatan, yana da matsakaicin balaga da fecundity (har zuwa 5 kg), da kuma low sanyi juriya da juriya ga harbi da daban-daban kwari da cututtuka. Yana da siffa mai zagaye, ma’auni na zinari da farin ɓangaren litattafan almara.

lover

Lubch yana da kwan fitila mai elongated. Bugu da ƙari, an kwatanta shi da kyakkyawan yanayin kiyayewa (har zuwa watanni 7-8) da kuma dandano mai kyau. Ana amfani da kwararan fitila don dafa abinci da adanawa.

Electrician

Lantarki shine nau’in jan albasa a tsakiyar kakar wasa. An kwatanta shi da dandano mai dadi na tsibirin kuma ana amfani dashi musamman a cikin salads. Ya dace da girma a cikin lokacin sanyi kuma yana jure sanyi.

radar

Radar na cikin nau’in hunturu ne na tsakiyar lokacin, yana da juriya mai sanyi da ma’auni mai yawa na waje da na ciki. Ƙarshen yana ba da rai mai tsawo (watanni 7-8, wanda ba shi da kyau ga amfanin gona na hunturu).

Globo

Balaguron yana da matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa da lokacin girma, zagaye, ɗan kwali (da yasa sunan) siffa da tsawon rayuwar shiryayye. Ma’auni na kayan lambu sune launin rawaya na zinariya, kuma ana daukar naman fari, ko da yake yana da launin rawaya.

Vetrazi

Ana iya adana Vetrazi na dogon lokaci (har zuwa watanni 10), ɓangaren litattafan almara na samfurin yana da ɗanɗano da fari, kuma ma’auni a waje suna rawaya na zinariya. Bayanan halayen ƙananan juriya na sanyi, amma kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka da kwari. Abin dandano ba shi da faɗi sosai, mai daɗi, kuma alƙalami da ‘ya’yan itace ana amfani da su don dalilai na dafa abinci. Tare da Vetraz, zaku iya gasa, ɗanɗano, da daskare.

Mai launi F1

Farko da yaji, iri-iri na bazara daga Corrado. Launin ma’auni akan ‘ya’yan itacen ruwan hoda ne, ja. Mai jure wa cututtuka da kwari, yana ba ku damar zaɓar shi azaman iri-iri don kasuwancin noma. Yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ba ku damar yin samfurin iri kuma ku bar ‘ya’yan itace a cikin hunturu.

Nabo

Turip shine mafi mashahuri iri-iri don shuka. Za ka iya samun fairly babban adadin yawan amfanin ƙasa daga gare shi idan kun san yadda za a yi girma kore albasa sets. Ana amfani da turnip duka a dafa abinci da kuma a cikin kiyayewa.

Shuka da shuka

Don ingantaccen noma, ana bada shawarar shuka iri daga iri (seerer). Da farko kana buƙatar zaɓar wurin da ya dace don shuka ‘chernushki’. Mafi kyawun gadaje su ne inda dankali, tumatir, cucumbers ko kabeji suke girma. Wadannan magabata sune ke ceto nau’ikan albasa daga karancin bitamin.

1. Don rage haɗarin lalacewa ga tsire-tsire ta hanyar kwari, kada ku dasa su a wuri guda na shekaru da yawa. Ƙasar tana buƙatar hutawa.
2. Ya kamata a zabi wurin shuka a gefen rana, inda gadaje za su sami isasshen haske. Ƙasar da ke wurin dasa shuki dole ne ta kasance m, in ba haka ba gashin tsuntsu zai tsiro da rauni.
3. Dole ne a shirya ƙasa da kyau kafin dasa shuki – share weeds da tono. Kafin wannan, a lokacin kaka, dole ne a takin ƙasa tare da takin mai magani na potassium-phosphorus, takin da ruɓaɓɓen taki. Fresh taki ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba, saboda lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman taki a cikin rabin na biyu na girma shuka, haɓakar gashin fuka-fukan, maimakon kwan fitila, yana haɓaka. Idan ƙasan da aka zaɓa don dasa shuki yana da yawan acidity, dole ne a bi da shi da lemun tsami.
4. Lokacin da ya dace don shuka shine ƙarshen Afrilu da kwanakin farko na Maris.
5. Bayan sanyi ya huce tsaba yakamata su kasance a shirye don dasa shuki. Don yin wannan, dole ne a jiƙa su a cikin rigar datti ko ruwa don kwana ɗaya (24 hours) ko har sai harbe na farko ya bayyana. Wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga mafi kyawun germination. Bayan an jiƙa, yakamata a bushe tsaba a wuri mai inuwa. A ƙarshe, dole ne a kasance a cikin maganin tsaba tare da wakilai daga cututtuka da kwari (robewar mahaifa da kuda albasa).
6. A cikin ƙasa mai zurfi, yi ciyayi mai zurfi (har zuwa 2 cm), shayar da su. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye nisa daidai tsakanin layuka na tsaba (8 zuwa 13 cm). Ya kamata a sanya tsaba a nesa na 5 mm zuwa 2 cm.
7. Wajibi ne don kula da shuka yadda ya kamata: takin shi da shayar da shi a farkon rabin girma. Idan ƙasar da aka yi shuka tana da dausayi, ba a buƙatar ƙarin suturar saman. Wata daya kafin girbi, ya kamata a daina shayarwa.
8. Bayan girbi, yana da mahimmanci a rarraba kwararan fitila ta girman (rabawa shine muhimmin tsari) kuma rataye su a kan capron a cikin dumi (18-22 ° C), bushe bushe.

Girma albasa daga saiti baya buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman, duk yana cikin iyakokin ilimin farko game da lambun. A cikin yanayi na gaba, ya kamata a dasa kayan shuka da aka shirya a cikin ƙasa. Kuna iya wucewa mataki na farko kuma ku sayi saitin albasa da aka shirya, amma shirye-shiryen kayan shuka koyaushe yana da kyau kuma yana ba da yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Saitin albasa (seder) da aka shirya don shuka ana shuka shi a cikin bazara ko kaka. Matakan dasawa da kula da shuka ba su da bambanci da kulawar girbi da aka kwatanta a sama.

Shuka tsaba a cikin bazara

Dasa tsaba a cikin bazara a cikin buɗe ƙasa yana da ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma yana buƙatar bin wasu dokoki:

1. Zaɓi wuri mai faɗi tare da ƙasa mai dausayi da zane mai kyau.
2. Shirya ƙasa a cikin fall: share weeds, tono su sama, yi amfani da peat taki da ruɓaɓɓen taki (ba a lokaci guda kamar lemun tsami ba). A cikin bazara: tono da taki.

Mako daya kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a bi da ƙasa tare da maganin ruwa da jan karfe sulfate ko phytosporin (maganin ruwa da phytosporin). Tsarma ruwa da vitriol a cikin adadin lita 10 da 1 tablespoon. L.

1. Zafafa albasa. Kwanaki 15-20 kafin dasa shuki, ya kamata ku fara dumama kwararan fitila da aka riga aka rarraba zuwa zazzabi kusa da 10 ° C, da sa’o’i 7 kafin dasa shuki – zuwa 35 ° C.
2. sarrafa albasa. Kafin dasa shuki, ana iya bi da kwararan fitila tare da abubuwan haɓaka girma ko sanya su na tsawon mintuna 20 a cikin maganin sulfate na jan karfe ɗaya cikin ɗari.
3. Sauke ƙasa a wurin dasa shuki, yin furrows, zurfin 2-4 cm a nesa na 20-25 cm. Shuka kwararan fitila a tazara na 5-8 cm. Ba shi da daraja matsi kayan dasa a cikin ƙasa – ta wannan hanyar za ku iya lalata kwararan fitila.

Dasa shuki a cikin kaka a cikin halayen fasaha ba ya bambanta da dasa shuki a cikin bazara.

Don hanyoyin kaka, yana da kyau a dauki Strigunovsky, Carmen, Danilovsky ko wasu nau’in hunturu na p albasa, amma suna da adadin buƙatu na musamman, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake ciyar da irin wannan nau’in albasarta. Haka nan ba abin damuwa ba ne don koyon yadda ake shayar da saitin albasa don dashen hunturu da adanawa.

Na farko, yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar mafi ƙarancin albasa, ba tare da yanke wuyansa ba. Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar mafi kyawun albasa waɗanda suke da kyau don distillation. Gadaje suna buƙatar rufi kafin shuka. Gidan gado don wasan albasa ya kamata ya zama zurfin 4-5 cm.

Girma albasa daga saitin: fita

Don samun girbi mai girma na albasa, kana buƙatar sanin asirin: yadda ake ciyarwa, lokacin da za a sha ruwa da shayar da albasarta, yadda za a yanke albasa – sevc. Girma da kulawa yana ƙayyade girma da yawan amfanin gona. Don babban shuka, ana buƙatar fasahar noma ta musamman, don ƙarami da matsakaici dasa shuki za ku iya yin shi da kanku.

Da zarar iri na farko ya fito kuma ganye na farko ya bayyana (tsuntsar ya zama kusan 10 cm tsayi), yana da daraja a fara shuka ciyawa da sassauta ƙasa don gadaje da aka samu da yawa na gina jiki kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Yadda ake shayar da saitin albasa

1. Watering a watan Mayu – Yuni ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya a mako, daga baya – a yanka kuma kada ku shayar da albasarta sau da yawa cewa ƙasa ba ta sha danshi mai yawa kuma kayan dasa ba ya ba da girma ga kayan lambu, amma ya kasance babba. Wata daya (kwanaki 30) kafin girbi, kuna buƙatar tsayawa gaba ɗaya ko kuma jiƙa ƙasa kowace rana.
2. Dole ne mai lambu ya sassauta ƙasa a duk lokacin da ake girma don amfanin gona ya yi girma kuma ana iya kiyaye shi da kyau a lokacin hunturu. Kuna buƙatar cire ciyawa a cikin lokaci mai dacewa kuma ku dasa ƙasa. Lokacin da gashin fuka-fukan suka yi tsayi (10-12 cm), farat ɗin ya kamata ya shiga tsakanin layuka, yin furrows kuma aiwatar da taki na farko.
3. Kuna iya ɗaukar maganin saline don sarrafawa.

Yadda ake datsa saitin albasa

Lambu suna mamaki: lokacin da za a datsa saitin albasa, idan kibiyoyi sun fara bayyana akan gashin fuka-fukan (kamar tafarnuwa), kuna buƙatar datsa kuma ku bar kawai ɓangaren harbi, wanda babu kibiya. Yawancin lokaci ana girbe amfanin gona a watan Agusta (akwai nau’ikan da suka girma a watan Yuli) kuma ba shi da wahala a girbi. Idan albasa ya ci karamin tsutsa a cikin tsarin girma, ya zama dole don sarrafa shi tare da magungunan kashe kwari. A lokacin hunturu ne. Idan amfanin gona ya yi ƙanƙanta, ya kamata ku canza wurin shuka don kakar wasa ta gaba kuma ku shuka iri a wani wuri, ko barin sakamakon kwararan fitila don hunturu kuma ku dasa shuki a cikin bazara azaman tsiro, don girma mafi kyau. Fasahar noma ta haɓaka sosai kuma tana ba da babban zaɓi na na’urori (mafi kyawun ɓangarorin za su tashi zuwa dinari) don noman ƙasa, amma zaku iya yin shi da kanku a cikin tsarin girma albasa.

ƙarshe

Kuna iya bushe albasa a gida a cikin yanayi mai kyau a cikin hunturu don kada su yi girma, sannan ku zaɓi tsiron da mai shuka zai iya shuka albasa mafi dadi. Idan kuna girma nau’in albasar hunturu (shuka daga fall zuwa hunturu), zaku iya samun matsakaicin adadin harbe bayan gwada wannan kayan da dasa shi a cikin bazara.

Gogaggen lambu ya san cewa albasa na iya cika kowane lambu (daga dangi zuwa ƙwararru) Idan mafari ya ji tsoron shuka wannan shuka a karon farko, yana da kyau a lura cewa albasa da wuya ta ɓace kuma ta bushe, idan an kula da ita da kyau. germination. Kuna buƙatar duba kalanda, tantance yawan aikin ƙasar, siyan iri masu kyau, shirya ɓangarorin, da shuka. Girma saitin albasa zai kasance koyaushe yana da wurin ajiyar bitamin na gida.