Ana dasa albasar hunturu don karɓar turnips da gashin fuka-fukan tun farkon lokacin rani. Kuma girbi na iya riga ya faru lokacin da ganye na farko ya bayyana kawai a wasu wurare. Amma domin shuka ya tsira daga lokacin sanyi a kullum kuma ya yi wuta a kan lokaci, dole ne a gudanar da su yadda ya kamata. Girman albasar hunturu ba shi da wahala sosai, amma yana buƙatar wasu ilimin lambu, da kuma bin duk ƙa’idodi na asali da buƙatun kayan shuka.
Winter albasa
Zaɓin kayan dasa shuki don dasa shuki
Akwai nau’ikan albasa daban-daban waɗanda ake amfani da su don dashen hunturu. Amma kafin zabar irin nau’in albasar hunturu don shuka, kuna buƙatar zaɓar kayan shuka daidai. Lokacin dasa shuki kafin hunturu, ana amfani da manyan hanyoyin noma guda biyu. A cikin akwati na farko, ana shuka kwararan fitila da aka zaɓa a cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin akwati na biyu, ana yin shuka tare da tsaba. Akwai zaɓi na uku da aka haɗa: ana shuka tsaba daga iri kuma an riga an yi amfani da kwararan fitila a matsayin kayan shuka.
Zaɓin saitin albasa don dasa shuki a cikin hunturu
Tare da irin wannan hanyar shuka ana shuka shi, wanda yakamata ya riga ya girma a cikin bazara. Don girma turnips, albasa ya kamata a zaba wanda diamita bai wuce 1 cm ba. Babu isassun ruwan ‘ya’yan itace a cikinsu da za su yi fure nan da nan bayan an shuka su a cikin ƙasa. Idan girman kayan shuka ya fi girma kuma ya bambanta daga 1 zuwa 2 cm, to ana iya dasa shi a cikin ganye. Sa’an nan kuma za a iya girbe gashin gashin albasa a cikin bazara, a watan Mayu ko ma a watan Afrilu. Manyan kwararan fitila sun dace da abinci kawai.
Amma a nan da yawa ya dogara da musamman iri-iri. A wasu irin nau’in sevka ne ko da yaushe karami, kama da karamar tafarnuwa, ana shuka shi gaba daya, sau da yawa ba tare da an wuce ta ba, a wasu nau’in kayan iri suna da girma sosai. Sa’an nan kuma ya kamata ku ɗauki albasa a kan turnips, wanda girmansa ya kai 1.5 cm. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ya kamata ku mai da hankali kan yadda albasa na kowane iri-iri ke girma.
Zaɓin tsaba don shuka azaman albasar hunturu
Idan an yanke shawarar amfani da tsaba don shuka albasar hunturu, to akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu. Zabi na farko shine shuka albasar hunturu ta hanyar dasa iri a farkon bazara da kuma tono albasa a wani wuri a cikin watan Agusta. Zaɓin na biyu shine don shuka tsaba da aka zaɓa nan da nan a cikin kaka, kuma a cikin bazara riga an kula da cikakken gadaje. A cikin akwati na farko, ba lallai ba ne don rarraba kayan shuka, kawai kuna buƙatar shuka shi, sannan zaɓi dasa shuki bisa ga hanyar da aka riga aka bayyana.
Idan kuna buƙatar shuka tsaba nan da nan a cikin fall, to kuna buƙatar zaɓar cikakken kayan shuka. Hanyar karfi mafi yawan gama gari ita ce a nutsar da su cikin ruwa. A wannan yanayin, hatsi mara kyau suna fitowa, yayin da masu lafiya waɗanda zasu iya tsiro sun nutse. Idan chernushka (wanda ake kira tsaba albasa) bai nutse a cikin ruwa mai tsabta ba, to, an ƙara gishiri a ciki. Don shuka abu ya tsira daga hunturu, ana iya wanke shi da man shanu. Wannan abu yana samar da fim a saman da ke kare kariya daga tasirin waje.
Directed namo na hunturu seeding
Idan kana so ka girma varietal hunturu albasa, sa’an nan ana saya a iri nau’i. Ciwon tsaba yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan kuma koyaushe ba za su iya tsira daga lokacin hunturu mai zafi ba, don haka yawancin lambu sun fi son shuka tsaba a cikin bazara, shuka su a cikin fall kuma sun riga sun shuka su a cikin hunturu. Ba shi da wahala a aiwatar da irin wannan hanyar, amma tare da shi ƙarin iri yana faruwa. Shuka da kula da tsaba suna da sauƙi, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da yawa, kawai kuna buƙatar shuka komai akan lokaci.
Duk da haka, yadda za a yi girma hunturu albasa sets? Lokacin saukar ku ya dogara da kowane takamaiman yanki. Alal misali, a Siberiya dole ne a dasa shi kadan daga baya fiye da kudancin Ukraine. Kuna buƙatar mayar da hankali kan lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a farkon bazara. Da zaran dusar ƙanƙara ta ɓace kuma ƙasa ba ta yi kama da dutse a cikin sansanin soja ba, wajibi ne a dasa chernushka. An yi shuki mai zurfi da faɗin 1.5-2 ta 5 cm cikin girman kuma ana shuka tsaba a cikin su. Dole ne a yi ɗan ƙaramin nesa tsakanin furrows zuwa sako.
Lokacin da ƙaramin albasa ya tashi, ba ya buƙatar ciyarwa, kawai dole ne a yi sako da ruwa a cikin lokaci. Har ila yau, yana da kyau a ci gaba da sassauta ƙasa, samar da shuka tare da isasshen adadin iska don ci gaba. Wannan shi ne dukan fasaha na noma: a cikin bazara, dasa shuki suna buƙatar kulawa da shayarwa, amma ba kayan ado na sama ba. seedling samu, to dole ne a rarraba bisa ga hanyar da aka riga aka bayyana.
Kaka hunturu dasa albasa sets
Kwanakin shuka ya dogara da yanayin gida da kuma hasashen yanayin da masana yanayi suka yi hasashe. Akwai amsa ɗaya kawai ga tambayar lokacin da za a dasa albasar hunturu: ana shuka shi kwanaki 28-30 kafin lokacin sanyi ya fara. Karfin sanyi yana nufin sanyi da ke juyewa zuwa sanyi. Amma ba za ku iya shuka amfanin gona na hunturu lokacin da yanayi ya yi zafi a waje ba. Matsakaicin zafin jiki mai karɓa don shuka shine 8-9 ° C, kuma zai fi dacewa lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa 5-6 ° C.
Ana shuka albasa don dasa shuki na hunturu a cikin kwanakin girgije, amma lokacin da babu ruwan sama ko iska. Ana yin ramuka masu zurfi a cikin gado, har zuwa zurfin 5 cm, wanda ya kamata a dasa albasa daga albasar hunturu. Nisa tsakanin gadaje har zuwa 20 cm. Ana ƙididdige shuka bisa ga girman albasa. Mafi girma su ne, mafi girma da nisa tsakanin tsagi a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa. Wannan doka tana aiki ga kowane albasa a jere. Ana dasa manyan kwararan fitila kowane cm 10.
Tillage don shuka shuka
Ya kamata a dasa albasar hunturu a inda kasar gona ta kasance sako-sako da kuma takin, yana da kyawawa cewa ya zama tsaka tsaki acidity. Wannan shuka ba ya son babban adadin weeds, don haka gado zai buƙaci ƙarin weeding. Yawan danshi na ƙasa kuma ana la’akari da koma baya. Ba a tsara fasahar noman lokacin sanyi don ƙasa mai fadama ba inda kwararan fitila ke ruɓe tun kafin su girma.
Ya kamata mu yi magana game da takin ƙasa Layer lokacin dasa shuki albasa hunturu. Wannan al’adar ba ta son sabbin kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa, kamar yadda irin wannan suturar ke aiki azaman wurin zafi don nau’ikan namomin kaza. Fresh taki, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ganyen ciyawar ciyawa da ke tsirowa da wuri kafin babban amfanin gona, don haka yana da kyau a yi takin ƙasa ba kafin shuka ba, amma kimanin shekara guda kafin shuka kwanakin ya dace. in ba haka ba wannan shuka na iya zama bata lokaci da ƙoƙarin mai lambu.
Dole ne a sami isasshen adadin potassium, phosphorus da nitrogen a cikin ƙasa. Kuna buƙatar fahimtar cewa wuce haddi, alal misali, nitrogen yana sa rhizomes yayi laushi sosai, amma yana haifar da ci gaban gashin fuka-fukan kore, wanda ke da amfani lokacin girma a cikin hunturu a cikin alkalami. Amma idan kuna buƙatar tono amfanin gona don samun turnip, to yana da kyau kada ku wuce shi da takin mai magani. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa acidic, yana da daraja ƙara lemun tsami ko ash na itace a gare su. Zaɓuɓɓuka na biyu an fi son lokacin da ƙasa ta ragu a cikin potassium.
Kula da gado na hunturu
Albasa lokacin hunturu, dasa su da kulawa suna da alaƙa da ba za a iya raba su ba. Nan da nan bayan an shirya gadaje, wajibi ne a rufe su da kayan da aka rufe, wanda zai iya kare kariya daga sanyi na hunturu. Tsarin albasa na hunturu na iya sha wahala daga yanayin sanyi, don haka dole ne mu yanke shawarar nan da nan abin da za a yi amfani da shi azaman tsari. Sau da yawa ana ɗaukar ganyen itatuwan lambu na yau da kullun ana tattara su a saman shuka. Amma akwai kuma mafi kyawun zaɓi don zuwa – don saka allurar coniferous da aka riga aka haɗa a cikin gadaje.
Ana buƙatar amfani da taki a ƙarƙashin albasar hunturu a cikin bazara, kuma ana yin aikace-aikacen farko jim kaɗan bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma ƙasa ta narke. Bayan haka, babban kulawa ya ƙunshi lokacin shayarwa da sassauta gadaje. Idan shuka ya yi nasara, jim kadan bayan dumama kiban farko na kore za su bayyana akan gadaje, amma kuma za su biyo bayan kwari da ke buƙatar yaƙi. Har ila yau, yayin da aka shuka iri-iri masu daɗi, yadda zai jawo hankalin kwari iri-iri.
Wasu masu lambu suna tambayar yadda ake shuka albasar hunturu don kada su sha wahala kaɗan, kuma akwai albasar hunturu da ba su yi ba? Abin baƙin cikin shine, waɗannan baƙi da ba a gayyata ba dole ne su yi yaƙi akai-akai. Kafin dasa shuki, yana da daraja shuka ƙasa tare da thrips na taba, kwari na albasa da nematodes, kuma a cikin bazara don dasa karas na yau da kullun kusa da gadaje. A lokaci guda, kuna buƙatar kula da yanayin amfanin gona na yau da kullun. Ga abin da suke ba da shawara game da shi a kan dandalin aikin lambu daban-daban:
“Albasar damuna tana jawo kwari da yawa idan suka fara girma. Lokacin da lokacin girbi ya gabato, kuma wannan ya faru a watan Yuni ko Yuli, yana da kyau a shirya don mamayewa na kwari. Tabbas, idan muka shuka amfanin gona na hunturu, muna noma ƙasa kwaro kafin shuka. Amma yana da daraja shirya hanyoyin kamar Medvetok ko Aktara don kare kanku kafin girbi. Kuna iya yin teas na ganye kamar dope, bleached, calendula, ko lupine alkaloid. Waɗannan samfuran muhalli sun riga sun tabbatar da ƙimar su. “
Daban-daban iri na hunturu albasa
Mutane da yawa iri da kuma hybrids aka musamman bred for hunturu dasa, da kuma sabon iri ta ci gaba da bayyana, amma ba kawai musamman bred albasarta su dace da hunturu dasa. Yawancin nau’ikan kaifi da yawa za a iya amfani da su daidai cikin inganci iri ɗaya. Yawancin nau’ikan amfani na dogon lokaci suna da isassun juriya na sanyi don dasa shuki, kuma a yankunan kudanci kusan dukkanin albasa ana iya amfani da su azaman amfanin gona na hunturu. Anan akwai jerin nau’ikan iri waɗanda galibi ana shuka su a cikin hunturu:
- Raider, kuma aka sani da Radar.
- Cebolla Helenas.
- Shakespeare.
- Albasa Stuttgart Giants.
- Siberian Shekara-shekara.
- Ja (ko ja) baron.
- Variedad ni ne.
- Goliath (ko Goliath, kamar yadda ake kira shi wani lokaci).
- Ellan (sunanta kawai Elan).
- Farar albasa
- Troy.
- Centurion iri-iri.
- Senshui eelou.
Kuma wannan ba shine cikakken jerin nau’ikan da ake amfani da su don dasa shuki na hunturu ba. Saukowa da kulawa, ko kuma wajen, hanyoyin su sun bambanta. Hakanan suna da kamanni daban-daban kuma, ba shakka, dandano. Waɗannan nau’ikan suna da yaji, yayin da wasu suna ɗanɗano mai laushi har ma da daɗi. Amma bayanin a nan ba zai taimaka ba: don ganin duk waɗannan bambance-bambance, kuna buƙatar shuka iri-iri da ake so, sannan gwada noma. Sabili da haka, yana da daraja kwatanta nau’ikan nau’ikan da gogaggen lambu suka ba da shawarar.
Troy albasa iri-iri
An haife wannan nau’in a cikin Netherlands ba da dadewa ba, amma ya riga ya tabbatar da kansa a cikin noman yanar gizo. Albasa Troy shine abin da ake kira matasan ƙarni na farko wanda ba zai yiwu a sami tsaba ba. Wannan nau’in kiwo na Holland ba a bambanta da manyan rhizomes ba. Dozin matsakaicin kwararan fitila ba kasafai suke yin nauyi fiye da 1 kg ba, amma yana da juriya ga tasirin muhalli kuma ana adana shi na dogon lokaci. Kuma wannan duk da cewa iri-iri na da matsakaici-kaifi iri.
Tushen wannan matasan suna da siffar zagaye, tare da santsi, mai yawa, ma’auni masu haske na launin zinari. Basu son harbin juna. A saboda wannan dalili, Troy yana da tsawon rayuwar rayuwa da kuma kyakkyawan germination – albasa ba sa fara fitowa a cikin alkalami da wuri, ana iya dasa shi ba kawai a cikin hunturu ba, har ma a cikin bazara. Wannan nau’in ba ya fama da cututtukan fungal kuma yana da tsayayya da ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwari. Kyakkyawan zaɓi ga duka mai fara lambu da ƙwararrun mazaunin bazara.
Centurion Albasa
Wani matasan ƙarni na farko, wanda, kamar Troy, an haife shi ta hanyar shayarwa a cikin Netherlands. Waɗannan nau’ikan kuma suna da kamanni na waje, amma Centurion yana da ɗan gajeren albasa, kuma sikelin su yana da haske, yana da launi mai haske. Nauyin rhizome da wuya ya wuce 100g, wanda yawanci matsakaita ne, amma wannan yana raguwa ta yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa da haɓakar albasar Centurion. Matures a cikin watanni uku, don haka ana girbe amfanin gona na hunturu a cikin yankuna masu dumi a farkon Yuni.
Tushen wannan matasan ba su ƙunshi danshi da yawa ba. A saboda wannan dalili, ana iya adana su har tsawon watanni shida, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace wannan lokacin na iya ƙaruwa. Dandan ‘ya’yan itace yana da kaifi matsakaici, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake amfani da su duka don salads da kuma shirye-shiryen kayan gwangwani daban-daban. Saboda ma’auni mai tsayi da tsayin daka na harsashi na waje, albasa yana riƙe da gabatarwa na dogon lokaci, wanda ke sauƙaƙe aiwatar da nasararsa. Idan ka dubi sake dubawa, ya bayyana cewa ana daukar wannan matasan daya daga cikin shahararrun iri a yau.
Radar albasa hunturu
Albasa Radar, wanda kuma aka sani da Raider, wani nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i). Wannan nau’in yana da bambanci wanda duk masu aikin lambu suna godiya da shi: yana da tsayayya da sanyi mai tsananin gaske, har ma da bangon sauran nau’ikan hunturu da yawa. Radar na iya jure yanayin zafi zuwa -15 ° C, kuma wannan yana cikin rashin dusar ƙanƙara. A karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, yana iya jure sanyi har zuwa -23 ° C. Waɗannan alamomi ne masu kima.
Juriya na sanyi ba shine kawai amfanin wannan matasan ba. Yawan kwararan fitilansa ya kai daga 150 zuwa 300 g, kuma a wasu lokuta yana iya kaiwa rabin kilogram. Suna da siffar zagaye na al’ada da inuwar gwal na ma’auni. Duk da haka, suna iya girma da sauri. Wasu lambu suna sarrafa girbi a watan Mayu, lokacin da sauran masu lambu ke fara bayyana kore. A lokaci guda, radar yana da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai daɗi, godiya ga wanda aka samu nasarar amfani da shi a cikin abinci daban-daban.
Cebolla Stuttgart Giants
An haife wannan nau’in a Jamus, amma ba ƙasa da halitta ba. Masu kiwon Dutch. Ana iya amfani da wannan albasa don samun gashin fuka-fukan kore da girma zuwa turnips. Kuma a cikin wannan, da kuma a wani matsayi, yana nuna kansa daidai. Lokacin girma a kan turnips, yawan amfanin sa shine 4.5-5 kg a kowace murabba’in kilomita 1. m gadaje, ko da yake da yawa ya dogara da ingancin kasar gona da yawa na dasa, duk da haka, Stuttgart Riesen yana da babban adadin maturation: kwanaki 100 ya wuce daga bayyanar na farko seedlings girbi.
Wannan nau’in yana nuna manyan kwararan fitila, wanda yawansu ya bambanta daga 120 zuwa 250 g. Suna da siffa mai ƙanƙara mai kyau, mai yawa, sikeli na zinariya da farar nama. Hakanan suna da ɗanɗano mai matsakaicin ɗanɗano, wanda ke da alaƙa da yawancin nau’ikan albasar hunturu. Iri-iri yana jure wa yawancin cututtukan fungal, musamman duk nau’in mildew powdery. Ana adana shi na dogon lokaci kuma yana ci gaba da gabatar da shi, yana sa ya dace don noma, duka don amfanin gida da sayarwa.
Shakespeare hunturu albasa iri-iri
Ana iya amfani da wannan nau’in tare da babban nasara duka biyu don dasa shuki na hunturu da kuma na gargajiya na bazara. Wannan matasan nasa ne na ultra-farko iri. Matsakaicin balagarsa shine watanni 2.5, wanda shine ɗayan mafi kyawun alamu bisa manufa. Kamar yadda yake a cikin radar, ana iya girbe amfanin gonar kwan fitila a watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni. A lokaci guda, kwararan fitila suna da juriya don saki kuma ba za su yi girma a gaba ba, saboda haka wannan nau’in yana da kyakkyawan ajiya ba kawai na amfanin gona ba har ma da kayan shuka.
Matsakaicin adadin kwan fitila ya bambanta daga 80 zuwa 100 g, matsakaicin matsakaici, idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau’ikan, amma waɗannan kwararan fitila suna jure wa sanyi sosai kuma suna iya jure yanayin zafin jiki na -18 ° C. Wannan shi ne saboda ma’auni mai ƙarfi da yawa. wanda ya hada da murfin waje na rhizome. Waɗannan ma’auni suna da launin zinari, yayin da naman ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma fari ne.
Wani fa’idar Shakespeare shine cewa baya buƙatar ruwa mai yawa.
Senshui eelou
Senshui eelou, ko rawaya Senshui, shine nau’in da ya dace sosai don haɓaka, fasalin fasalin wanda shine launi na rhizomes. Ma’aunin su yana da launin rawaya mai launin rawaya tare da launin ruwan kasa mai sauƙin ganewa a cikin hoton. Amma Senshui ya shahara ba saboda launi na kwararan fitila ba. Wannan nau’in yana da lokacin girma mai sauri: an riga an yi girbi a tsakiyar watan Yuni, kuma a cikin yankuna masu zafi ana iya aiwatar da shi har ma a watan Mayu, idan yanayin yanayi ya ba da izini. Bugu da ƙari, wannan nau’in yana da kyakkyawan germination.
Dandanin kwararan fitila yana da ɗan daɗi, ba tare da faɗin kaifi ba, don haka ya dace don amfani da su lokacin shirya salads da sauran jita-jita iri ɗaya. Amma akwai matsala da ke da alaƙa da wannan: Senshuya ba shi da mafi kyawun rayuwar rayuwa – kwararan fitila ba su wuce watanni 3-4 ba, bayan haka sun fara lalacewa. Amma iri-iri yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka, wanda ya shafi girbi sosai.
Winter Albasa Ellan
Wannan nau’in na ɗaya daga cikin nau’in albasar hunturu na farko da masu kiwon gida ke bayarwa. A cewar yawancin lambu, Ellan ya dace don girma a tsakiyar Rasha, kuma ana iya girma a cikin ‘yan sa’o’i kadan na haske, yana ba da damar dasa shi a wasu yankuna na arewa. Matsakaicin nauyin kwan fitila shine g 110, kodayake rhizomes na mutum ɗaya na iya kaiwa nauyin kilogiram 0.4-0.5. Duk ya dogara da yanayin tsarewa da ɗan sa’a.
Rhizomes suna zagaye, tare da ma’auni mai launin rawaya, mai dadi a dandano kuma ba tare da bayyananne ba, amma saboda wannan, ba za a iya adana al’adun na dogon lokaci ba, don haka dole ne a sayar da shi nan da nan ko
ƙarshe
Iri iri-iri na albasa don dasa shuki a cikin hunturu na iya sha’awar yawancin lambu da masu mallakar gidaje. , saboda noman su baya buƙatar kashe kuɗi mai yawa na lokaci da kuɗi, kuma ana aiwatar da noman cikin sauƙi b, kuma don ɗanɗano ba su da ƙasa da nau’in bazara.
