Ɗaya daga cikin kayan lambu na bazara wanda ke farantawa da ganyen ganye da dandano mai kyau da kyawawan halaye shine albasa. Ana shuka shi a yawancin gidajen rani da filaye na gida. Dasa albasa a shekara ta 2019 yakamata yayi daidai da kwanakin da suka dace akan kalandar noma ta wata.
Kwanakin dashen Albasa na 2019
Janar shawarwari
Duk da girman kai, yana da kyau a shuka albasa, bin shawarwari masu amfani. Noma na gaba zai dogara ne akan shuka da kyau da kuma kula da amfanin gona yadda ya kamata.
- Amfanin amfanin gona yana tsiro da kyau a busasshiyar ƙasa tare da matsakaicin acidity. Idan ya cancanta, suna ba da shawarar rage ƙasa. Shuka bazara ya haɗa da ƙarin noma a cikin fall – ana ƙara peat ko ruɓaɓɓen taki. Ba a so a yi amfani da samfurori na samfurori masu kyau: yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaban ciyayi na ƙasa, yana lalata ci gaban kayan lambu.
- Nisa tsakanin layuka shine 20-30 cm. Yin kauri mai nauyi zai hana amfanin gona ya kai iyakar girmansa. Idan kun dasa albasa a cikin gashin fuka-fuki, raƙuman ruwa na iya zama tsayin 10-15 cm.
- Ya kamata a tsaftace wurin akai-akai daga ciyawa, wannan zai ba da damar shuka matasa suyi ƙarfi da sauri.
- Bayan dasa shuki, ruwa sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 7 Lokacin da amfanin gona ya cika, ana aiwatar da tsarin ƙasa akai-akai don guje wa ruɓewar ‘ya’yan itacen bulbous. Kafin girbi, hydration yana tsayawa gaba daya.
- Potassium-phosphorus abubuwa, hadaddun takin mai magani da kwayoyin abubuwa ana amfani dashi azaman babban sutura.
- Launin gashin fuka-fuki mai launin rawaya da kwanciyarsa a saman duniya yana nuna ya iso. lokacin girbi kayan lambu.
Lokacin dasa albasa don seedlings
Dangane da yankin girma, iri-iri da wurin (gidan lambu ko sararin samaniya), ana fara shuka albasa a cikin Fabrairu-Maris ko Afrilu-Mayu.
An biya kulawa ta musamman ga kalandar Lunar: an ƙayyade lokacin shuka mai kyau, wanda girbin albasa zai sami mafi yawa. Ranar da aka zaɓa daidai yana rinjayar ci gaban al’adu, ci gabanta da ‘ya’yan itace.
Shuka a cikin greenhouse a cikin 2019 zai yi nasara idan an aiwatar da hanyar:
- a watan Fabrairu – 6-8, 12-13, 17,
- a watan Maris – 10-12, 15-16.
Don dasa shuki a cikin buɗe ƙasa sun dace:
- Afrilu – 29-30,
- Mayu – 8-10, 13-16.
Kwanaki marasa kyau don dasa shuki
Kada a dasa albasa a cikin kwanaki masu zuwa.
- 4-5, 18-19 – a watan Fabrairu,
- 3-4, 6, 17-18, 21, 30-31 – a watan Maris,
- 27-28 – a watan Afrilu,
- 5, 11-12, 19 – a watan Mayu.
Bugu da ƙari kuma, waɗannan ayyukan ba za a iya aiwatar da su ba a wannan lokacin dangane da girma ko ci gaban tsire-tsire na wannan iyali.
Shiri don saukowa
Saitin albasa ko tsaba suna aiki azaman tsaba. Ya kamata su zama kusan girman iri ɗaya, lafiyayye a waje, ba tare da lalacewa, ɓata cuta, ko ruɓe ba.
- An shimfiɗa tsaba a cikin layuka a cikin layuka a nesa na 1-2 cm. Lokacin da tsiron ya bayyana, an cire wasu daga cikinsu.
- Ya kamata a dasa sevocs a cikin ƙasa a zurfin da bai wuce 5 cm ba, tsakanin tsire-tsire 9-10 cm an bar (idan an girma amfanin gona a cikin ganye – 5-6 cm).
Dole ne a shirya tsaba kafin
Matsayi
Kwanaki 10-14 kafin shuka, yakamata a bushe tsaba a cikin microwave na mintuna 4-5. Gasa a cikin tanda na mintina 15 a cikin tanda mai tsanani zuwa 200 ° C.
Zai fi kyau a shuka ƙasa mai lalacewa tare da cikakken bayani na manganese, sannan a rufe shi da kayan fim kuma ajiye shi na ɗan lokaci a wuri mai dumi.
Siffar tsaban albasa ita ce ta rasa germination cikin kankanin lokaci. Lokacin siyan su, kula da hankali na musamman ga ranar karewa.
Don lalata, ana sanya tsaba a cikin gauze kuma an saukar da su cikin dumi, rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate na awa 1. Bayan haka, suna jiƙa don kwana ɗaya a cikin haɓakar haɓaka. A ƙarshen duk hanyoyin, an bushe su zuwa yanayin mara kyau.
Seedling dashi
Watanni 2 bayan shuka (ƙarshen Afrilu), lokacin da gashin fuka-fukan 3-4 suka bayyana akan tsiron, ana iya dasa shi a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri (idan ƙasa ta yi zafi).
Kwanaki 10-14 kafin wannan, ana bada shawara don fara tauraruwar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, ɗaukar su yau da kullun zuwa terrace ko wani wuri mai sanyi. Wannan ya kamata a yi a hankali, yana ba da harbe-harbe da ikon yin amfani da su a hankali zuwa sababbin yanayi.
Shiri na gadaje
Wurin da ake saukowa ya kamata ya kasance a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri domin hasken rana ya haskaka ta cikin yardar kaina.
Ƙasa ya kamata ya zama mai albarka, albasa suna ba da fifiko ga ƙasa mai yashi wanda aka haɗe tare da ruɓaɓɓen humus, peat, ash na itace da riguna na sama.
Kafin aikin noma, an daidaita gadon, an yi layuka 3-5. kallo. Nisa tsakanin su shine 25-30 cm. An cika tsagi da aka gama da ruwa.
Bayanin tsari
Seedlings suna classified da size, duk matalauta-ingancin ko rauni seedlings an cire daga jimlar taro. An yanke gashin fuka-fukan zuwa kashi uku na tsayin su, wannan ba zai ƙyale danshi ya ƙafe sosai ba. Tushen tsarin kuma an gajarta.
Bayan haka, ana canza harbe zuwa cakuda wanda ya ƙunshi jiko na yumbu da mullein. An shimfiɗa tsire-tsire a jere, suna barin 10-15 cm tsakanin su (lokacin dasa shuki Exibishen cultivar – aƙalla 20 cm).
Zurfafa seedlings 1-1.5 cm fiye da abin da ke cikin kwantena na seedling, yayyafa su da ƙasa, kuma ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.
Don saurin daidaitawa na tsire-tsire matasa zuwa sabbin yanayi, ana shayar da gonar a rana mai zuwa tare da bayani mai ɗanɗano. Kuma lokacin da danshi ya shiga, an rufe saman shafin da ciyawa.
Yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire albasa a cikin ƙasa a bushe da inuwa a cikin ƙarshen rana. Idan bazara yana da sanyi, yana barazanar sanyi na dare, yana da kyau a rufe seedlings tare da arches na ƙarfe, waɗanda suka dace don shimfiɗa kayan sutura.
Siffofin dasa shuki iri-iri
Nuna albasa
A yankunan da ke da yanayin yanayi mai dumi, ana shuka albasar Exibishen kai tsaye ta hanyar dasa iri a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
A cikin Siberiya, Urals da sauran yankuna na arewa, ana shuka irin wannan amfanin gona ta hanyar seedlings kawai.
Kalanda na shuka don 2019 yana ba da shawarar kwanaki masu zuwa:
- Fabrairu – 13,17,20-28,
- Maris – 1, 2,5,10, 11,22, 29-XNUMX, XNUMX-XNUMX,
- Afrilu – 2,3,4, 20-26, 30,
- Mayu – 1,2,3,4, 20,21,22,23,26-31.
Pre-jiƙa da tsaba na tsawon sa’o’i da yawa a cikin ruwan dumi, ruwan da aka lalatar, tare da ƙari na potassium permanganate ko hydrogen peroxide, sa’an nan kuma saka a cikin yanayi mai laushi (tufafi), kuma a ajiye shi a cikin wani wuri mai dumi na kwanaki 2-3.
Leek
Sun lura cewa tsarin a zahiri bai bambanta da kiwon albasa na yau da kullun ba, in ban da wasu ƴan abubuwan.
- Ana sanya tsaba a saman ƙasa mai albarka, a yayyafa shi da ƙasa mai laushi a saman kuma a jika da ruwan dumi daga kwalban fesa.
- Ana sanya akwatunan da aka rufe da murfin aluminum. a cikin wani wuri mai dumi har sai farkon harbe. Sanya iska a kowace rana kuma cire danshi mai yawa (condensate) daga rufin.
Ana ba da shawarar shuka leeks:
- Janairu – 10, 11, 15, 16,
- Fabrairu – 1, 2, 23-28,
- Maris – 1-4, 21-31,
- Afrilu – 1-3, 23-30,
- Mayu – 4-6, 12.13.
Kalandar wata babban mataimaki ne ga mai lambu. Zai gaya muku lokacin da ya fi kyau a sauka da kuma lokacin da za ku yi watsi da waɗannan ayyukan. Idan kun bi shawararsu, chances suna da yawa don girbi mai yawa.
