Yawancin mazauna rani suna girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouses. Dasa cucumbers daidai a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate da kuma kulawa da kyau shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau na kayan lambu na gaba. ‘ >
Abun ciki
- Greenhouse shiri
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
- Insulation na gadaje
- Gadaje taki
- Gadaje masu hade
- Dace iri
- dace da greenhouse
- Dasa da classic iri
- Dasa parthenocarpic hybrids
- a zagaye gadaje
- Greenhouse dasa
- Shuka iri
- Shuka seedlings
- Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
- Halayen microclimate
- Alamun zafin jiki
- haskakawa
- Haushi
- zagayowar iska
- Bayan kulawa
- Ban ruwa
- Bait
- Samuwar shrub
Dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate
Shiri na greenhouse
A cikin greenhouse polycarbonate, cucumbers za a iya girma kusan duk shekara, amma ingancin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci na dogon lokaci don samar da amfanin gona. Daga cikin bukatun ƙasa a cikin greenhouse don dasa cucumbers:
- kasa friability,
- mai kyau permeability zuwa ruwa da iska,
- daidai acidity Manuniya.
Noman kokwamba, wanda ke buƙatar yanayin girma mai kyau, yana amsawa ga ragowar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda suka ragu daga kayan lambu da aka shuka a kakar da ta gabata. Sabili da haka, idan an lura da tsire-tsire masu cutarwa a cikin gadaje, yana da kyau a lalata greenhouse tare da turmi lemun tsami da fenti da lemun tsami kafin dasa sabon amfanin gona.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Ana iya shirya ƙasar don dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate da kansa. Ya isa ya cire 0.25 m Layer na ƙasa a cikin filin, makiyaya ko gandun daji a cikin bazara, kiyaye shi a cikin dakin har tsawon watanni 2, sa’an nan kuma motsa shi zuwa rana, yana rufe shi da fim. Wannan fasaha na shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa cucumbers yana ba da ƙasa damar yin girma da kuma wanke kanta daga ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ƙasar ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi sassa daidai na humus, turf da peat tare da acidity wanda bai wuce 6.5 ba, wanda aka tsara ta hanyar ƙara farar ƙasa a cikin ƙasa, zai zama manufa don girma kokwamba.
Gadaje na shuka suna da ɗan tsayi, kusan 20-25 cm tsayi. Don kare ƙasa daga kwari, fungi da cututtuka masu yaduwa, ana iya amfani da bleach, wanda, kafin dasa shuki cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, yana aiwatar da ƙasa gaba ɗaya ta hanyar fesa.
Insulation na gadaje
Lokacin dasa shuki cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate ana sa ran a farkon matakai ko don manufar shuka kayan lambu a cikin watanni masu sanyi, yin abin da ake kira gadaje masu dumi.
Gadaje taki
Kwancen gado mai rufi tare da taki shima ya yi fice wajen sanya kayan lambu. A cikin tsarinta, ana amfani da takin saniya, ana shafe shi da takin doki. An shimfiɗa cakuda a kan gadaje, daga sama an rufe shi da ƙasa mai laushi 0.2-0.25 m lokacin farin ciki, kuma dukkanin matashin ƙasa yana zubar da ruwa mai yawa. Bayan dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, ana bada shawara don shayar da irin wannan gado mai dumi na kwanaki 30, kuma yana da kyau kada a bar ƙasa ta yi zafi sosai. In ba haka ba, za ka iya samun kone kokwamba tsaba da tushen tsarin.
Gadaje takin
Kayan kwanciya, wanda aka keɓe da takin, zai iya zama madadin taki lokacin da ba a iya samun na ƙarshe ba. Wani muhimmin yanayin a cikin wannan yanayin shine sabo na kwayoyin halitta da aka zaɓa, tun da yawan zafin da aka saki ya dogara da shi.
Mafi sau da yawa, gadaje don dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, wanda aka keɓe tare da takin, sun dace da yankunan da ke da yanayi mai dumi, tun lokacin da aka saki zafi daga rashin ƙarfi, ba kamar gadaje da taki ba.
Dace iri ga greenhouse
Dole ne ku zaɓi nau’in da ya dace
Ba duk nau’ikan cucumbers sun dace da dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate ba. Yi la’akari da nau’ikan da suka dace:
- Don greenhouses, waɗanda ba sa buƙatar pollination don fructify sun dace. Waɗannan sun haɗa da ABC-f1, Teremok-f1. Lokacin dasa irin wannan nau’in pollinated, ya kamata a tuna cewa ba sa son canje-canje kwatsam a cikin shayarwa da canjin yanayin zafi.
- A cikin iyakanceccen yanayin haske, lokacin da ake girma cucumbers a cikin greenhouse, ya kamata ku zaɓi irin waɗannan nau’ikan da ke jure wa inuwa kuma kada ku sha wahala daga rashin haske da zafi.Wadannan sun haɗa da Ladoga-f1, Northern Lights-f1, Olympiad-f1, Relay-f1. .
- Don greenhouses ba tare da dumama ba, ana bada shawara don zaɓar irin waɗannan nau’ikan nau’ikan cucumbers waɗanda ke da alaƙa da matsakaici ko ɗan ƙarami. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Ant-f1, Cupid-f1.
- Don greenhouses masu zafi, nau’in kokwamba sun dace don daidaita tsarin reshe daban-daban. Daga cikinsu, misali, Little Boy.
Dace cucumbers don greenhouse bisa ga manufar:
- don shirye-shiryen salads Tamerlan-f1, Makar- sun dace f1,
- don kiyayewa, Lord-f1, Acorn-f1 sun dace.
Ga kowane nau’in, lokacin dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate na iya bambanta.
Dokokin shuka
Tsarin dashen da aka zaɓa da kyau don cucumbers a cikin greenhouse yana nuna nisa wanda kayan lambu zasu girma da haɓaka cikin kwanciyar hankali. Tsaba iri-iri iri-iri na kokwamba a cikin umarnin sun ƙunshi bayanai game da mafi kyawun nisa da ake buƙata tsakanin layuka. Bushes kokwamba da aka dasa sosai suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa sosai, wanda yake da wahala a cikin wannan yanayin. Yana da wahala a girbi daga irin waɗannan tsire-tsire masu yaduwa, musamman lokacin girma iri mai kyau na ‘ya’yan itace. Ta hanyar dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate wanda ke ƙoƙarin kusanci da juna, wannan na iya yin barazana ga shukar da ƙarancin hasken rana da ƙarancin danshi.
Babban adadin danshi yana haifar da cututtuka da lalata tsarin tushen.
Ba a ba da shawarar manyan nisa tsakanin kokwamba bushes ba.Lokacin da ake shirin shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate, kar a manta cewa tare da wannan tsarin shuka, yankin da aka shuka ya ɓace kuma ingancin amfani da su yana raguwa a cikin iyakataccen sarari na greenhouse. Shuka mara kyau yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Shuka classic iri
Don nau’ikan cucumber na gargajiya, tsarin dasa shuki na cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate 0.5 * 1.0m ya haɗa da dasa shuki:
- layi biyu, ko a cikin waƙoƙi biyu masu jere 4, galibi suna 2 a tsakiya da 1 daga gefuna,
- layi daya, ko kan hanya.
Mafi kyawun nisa don gadaje zai zama darajar daga 0,9 zuwa 1,2 m. Nisa tsakanin layuka na bushes kokwamba ya bambanta daga 0.5 m zuwa 0.6 m. Ana shuka nau’in kokwamba na ɗan gajeren tsayi kowane cm 10, ana dasa nau’in hawan tsayi kowane cm 20.
Dasa parthenocarpic hybrids
Lokacin dasa shuki, dole ne ku kiyaye nisa
Tsarin dasa shuki kokwamba hybrids parthenocarpic daidai yake da nau’ikan cucumbers na gargajiya don dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse, kawai nisa daga cikin gadaje gare su yakamata ya zama aƙalla 1.5-1.6 m, mafi ƙarancin nisa tsakanin layuka – 0.6 m, kuma shuka kokwamba bushes ba kusa da 0.3-0.35 m juna.
A cikin gadaje marasa kyau
Shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate na iya zama abin da ake kira gadon furen madauwari. Don yin haka:
- a tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin da aka keɓe, an sanya sandar igiya.
- Ana haɗe igiyoyin jagora zuwa post a cikin adadin da ya dace da adadin bushes da aka shirya don dasa shuki,
- Ana dasa tsire-tsire na kokwamba a cikin madauwari madauwari kowane 0.15-0.2 m.
A cikin tsarin girma na kayan lambu, gashin ido za su nannade a kusa da igiya, suna samar da nau’i na mazugi. Ci gaban kayan lambu zai zama mai yawa, kuma wannan zai sauƙaƙe girbi na gaba.
Dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse
Girma cucumbers a cikin yanayin greenhouse ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa.
Shuka da tsaba
Lokacin girma kokwamba a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate, ba lallai ba ne don girma seedlings. Kuna iya shuka cucumbers a cikin greenhouse tare da tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa. Musamman sau da yawa masu lambu a yankunan kudu suna yin amfani da wannan hanyar, lokacin da za su iya dasa tsaba a cikin greenhouse daga Maris zuwa farkon Afrilu. a watan Fabrairu.
Bayan kwanaki 20, ana dasa harbe-harbe kokwamba bisa ga ɗayan tsare-tsaren da suka dace don dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse.
Dasa shuki
A cikin hanyar seedling, dasa cucumbers a cikin greenhouse polycarbonate kusa da lambun lambu yana farawa a farkon Afrilu a cikin gadaje masu dumi ko a watan Mayu, idan babu ƙarin dumama ƙasa, bisa ga matakan kiyayewa:
- kasar gona kafin dasa shuki yana buƙatar dumi har zuwa 18 ‘,
- yana da kyau a dasa tsire-tsire tare da ƙasar da ta girma, sanya shi a tsaye a tsaye, kuma elongated a tsayi seedlings ana yayyafa shi da cakuda peat da sawdust daidai da matakin ganyen cotyledon,
Yawancin lambu suna amfani da fasaha na drip, wanda kara ya shiga ƙasa. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya shafi a tsakiyar layi da kuma a arewacin kasar, kamar yadda tsarin shuka kayan lambu ya fi kyau ga kayan lambu fiye da barin ƙarin tushen da harbe.
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
Nan da nan washegari zaku iya samun sakamakon cin zarafi na fasahar dasa shuki, lokacin da ganyen da ke kusa da tsiron ya zama fari a gefuna.
- ƙasa mai sanyi, ta zama wani abu wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga lalata tushen tsarin samari na matasa, ana iya gyara wannan ta hanyar shayar da ruwa mai dumi tare da potassium permanganate da haɓakar yanayin zafin jiki na gaba a cikin greenhouse.
- Dalili na biyu na iya zama alamun shuka mai kamuwa da cuta, a wannan yanayin, abin da ya rage shi ne cire ciyawar da aka dasa da kuma lalata ƙasa.
Halayen microclimate
Micro imat yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa tsirrai
A cikin rufaffiyar greenhouse, lokacin dasa shuki cucumbers da kuma aiwatar da kulawar su, ya kamata a kafa mafi kyawun microclimate.
Alamun zafin jiki
Zazzabi a cikin greenhouse lokacin girma cucumbers ya kamata ya zama barga, ba tare da canzawa kwatsam ba, cikin 25 ‘-28’. Don tsofaffi da mafi ƙarfi kokwamba bushes, an yarda a rage shi zuwa 18 ‘kuma ƙara zuwa 30’.
Haskewa
Hasken cikin gida yana da mahimmancin ƙima, wanda aka kiyaye a saurin da ake buƙata. a cikin kaka da hunturu ta amfani da ƙarin tushen hasken wucin gadi.
Haushi
Tare da karuwa a cikin zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse, wajibi ne don haɓaka matakin zafi, wanda ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla 85 a rana mai zafi% Yana yiwuwa a ƙara yawan danshi a cikin greenhouse ta hanyar shayar da hanyoyi tare da ƙirƙirar yanayi na gaba. tasiri greenhouse lokacin da aka rufe kofofin a cikin greenhouse na sa’a daya.
zagayowar iska
Samun iska a rufaffiyar greenhouse yana ba da damar samun iskar da ke wucewa ta polycarbonate na wucin gadi. A cikin lokacin zafi, ana bada shawara don ci gaba da buɗe murfin polycarbonate na greenhouse, amma yin haka a gefe ɗaya na tsarin don kada ya haifar da zane.
Bayan kulawa
Kula da bushes na kokwamba a cikin greenhouse yana farawa nan da nan lokacin da aka dasa shuki a cikin greenhouse ko lokacin da tsaba na farkon sprouts bayyana bayan shuka.
Watse
Ban ruwa a cikin yanayin greenhouse ya kamata a yi cucumbers bisa ga wasu dokoki:
- kafin ovaries na farko, yawan shayarwa shine sau ɗaya a kowace kwana uku, girma kokwamba bushes tare da zuba ruwa tare da ovaries kowace rana,
- suna amfani da ruwan dumi,
- Yawan ban ruwa ga kowane murabba’in murabba’in yanki na yanki shine 5 zuwa 7 l.
Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, masu lambu suna shirya ruhohi masu dumi don cucumbers, suna tabbatar da cewa babu ɗigon ruwa da ke kan ganyen da dare. Bayan hanyar shayarwa, ƙasa kusa da tushe na bushes ana kwance don hana lalacewa.
Bait
Kocin kokwamba a cikin greenhouse galibi ana haifar da shi ta hanyar mahaɗan ƙwayoyin cuta, galibi taki. Baya ga wannan, ana amfani da mahaɗan ma’adinai waɗanda ke ciyar da bushes ɗin kokwamba aƙalla sau 5 a lokacin bazara:
- Ana yin suturar farko kafin fure tare da potassium sulfate (20g), superphosphate (30g), urea (15g) a cikin ƙaramin ruwa na lita goma,
- A lokacin furanni, ana shayar da bushes da taki.
- a cikin yanayi mai haske suna korar tushen koto.
- A ranakun girgije suna amfani da foliar fesa ganye tare da potassium gishiri (8 g), superphosphate (10 g), nitrate (5 g) a kowace lita goma na ruwa.
Fo Samuwar shrubs
A cikin noman greenhouse, ɗayan mahimman abubuwan shine samuwar bushes na kokwamba, saboda ƙarshen gasar yana haifar da raguwar foliage kuma yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Lokacin dasa shuki cucumbers a cikin greenhouse daga seedlings na polycarbonate, ana shigar da trellises tsaye nan da nan tare da daji da aka dasa. An ɗaure igiyar a tsayin kusan mita 2. Tsarin samar da daji ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa:
- farkon garter lokacin da aka kafa bushes kokwamba akan kara ana yin shi a ƙarƙashin ganye na biyu ko na uku,
- a cikin tsire-tsire tare da ganye 7-8 an cire rassan a nodes na uku da na huɗu, sannan a datse harbe na gefe,
- Tsoka kayan lambu 2-3 ko ganye sama sama da kara.
Bayan an kai ƙarshen trellis, shafukan kokwamba ana nannade su a kusa da rigar rigar trellis, ɗaure da ɗaure.
