Maganin rot na kokwamba –

Tushen rot a cikin cucumbers abu ne na yau da kullun na yau da kullun, yana haifar da cututtuka daban-daban. Yadda za a kare tsire-tsire daga wannan mummunan yanayin mai raɗaɗi kuma ya hana mutuwar shuka? Gogaggen lambu sun san amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin.

Tushen rot magani a cikin cucumbers

Alamomin cutar

Alamomin cutar suna bayyana bayan dashen Ry zuwa wurin dindindin. Cucumbers na baya sun kamu da cutar, yawancin lalacewar waɗannan tsire-tsire.

Alamomin rubewar tushen kokwamba sune kamar haka:

• wuyansa da saiwoyi sun zama ruwan kasa.
• ganyen amfanin gonakin da abin ya shafa su koma rawaya kuma suna shudewa.
• ovary yana bushewa.
• cucumbers sun kasance marasa haɓaka.
• Taproot ya zama launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, a ƙarshe ya bazu.
• A hankali shukar ta bushe kuma ta mutu.

Yanayin cutar yana ci gaba da sauri a yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da 16 ° C da sama da 27 ° C. Alamun, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba sa bayyana akan seedlings. Dole ne a kula da tsire-tsire a kan lokaci, in ba haka ba za su mutu.

Sanadin cutar

Abubuwan da ba su dace ba don haɓakawa da haɓaka su ne manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da ci gaban ruɓaɓɓen tushen cucumbers. Kasancewar kamuwa da cuta yana kara tsananta yanayin al’ada.

Hakanan acidity na ƙasa yana rinjayar bayyanar cutar. Mafi kyawu don yaduwar kamuwa da cuta shine acidity Ph, wanda shine 5-6.

Ƙara zafi a cikin greenhouse kuma yana rinjayar ci gaban shuka. A lokaci guda, tushen yana fama da rashin iska kuma yana shafar phytopathogens. Shayar da amfanin gona tare da ruwan sanyi shima ba abin yarda bane, suna hana girma, wani lokacin kuma saiwar ta mutu. Tushen tushen da abin ya shafa yana buɗe kofofin kamuwa da cuta, wanda ke yaduwa cikin sauri zuwa ga dukkan gabobin lafiya da kyallen takarda.

Tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, tsarin tushen yana bushewa kuma yana shafar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta. Halin yana kara tsanantawa ta hanyar karuwar yawan gishiri a cikin ƙasa.

Cutar cututtuka

Daban-daban microorganisms ne causative jamiái na cutar jihar. Mafi haɗari sune:

1. Pythium debaryanum – waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta a mafi yawan lokuta suna shafar tsarin tushen lokacin shuka, ya yi duhu kuma ya fara rot. Cotyledons da ganye suna bayyana rawaya. A causative wakili rinjayar ba kawai cucumbers, amma kuma da yawa wasu al’adu.
2. R. ultimum – fungal pathogen, ban da cucumbers, parasitizes fiye da 140 iri amfanin gona. Nematodes suna yada spores.
3. aphanidermatum: yana da haɗari ga nau’ikan amfanin gona sama da 85, amma galibi yana shafar cucumbers, tumatir da legumes. Naman gwari yana yaduwa a lokacin zubar da haushi a cikin kyallen takarda. Haushi na biyu yana kare tsire-tsire daga kamuwa da cuta kuma sun zama masu juriya da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Ƙara zafi yana ɗaukar haɗarin

Abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtuka suna shafar amfanin gona a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau. Masu lambu kada su ƙyale waɗannan haɗuwa masu haɗari don amfanin gona: babban zafi a cikin greenhouse, busassun tushen, high acidity, ma low kuma high yanayin zafi.

Binciken

Rage haɗarin cututtukan amfanin gona Tushen bazuwar za’a iya yin shi ta hanyar girma seedlings a hannun jari waɗanda ke da tsayayya ga ƙwayoyin cuta: nau’in squash iri-iri na Cucurbitae ficifolia da Lagenaria siceraria. Ba sa jin tsoron ƙarancin ƙasa ko yawan zafin iska da ƙasa mai cike da ruwa, tushen rot ba ya shafar waɗannan tsire-tsire.

Yin allura tare da hanyar kara yana samar da mafi girman kaso na tsirar amfanin gona.Ya kamata hajojin ya kasance a cikin lokacin ganyen cotyledonary lokacin da aka dasa shi, kuma dashen ya zama farkon ganye na gaskiya.

Masu kiwo suna haifar da matasan da ke da matukar juriya ga rubewa.

Aikace-aikace a cikin ƙasa na maganin wasu microelements, alal misali, MnS04 da ZnS04 0.25 g kowace guga na ruwa, yana ƙaruwa da juriya na amfanin gona zuwa yanayin cutar kuma yana rinjayar yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Hanyar kariya

Akwai matakan kariya da yawa akan yanayi mai raɗaɗi. Masu lambu suyi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin, wanda zai iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta sosai:

1. Disinfect da dumi tsaba lokacin dasa shuki.
2. Don tukwane na peat, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da sassan ciyawa, humus da peat daidai. Haɗin takin kuma ya dace, waɗanda aka haifuwa ta hanyoyin ilimin halitta tsawon shekaru 2. Hakanan ana iya shayar da su kafin amfani.
3. Gudanar da wajibi disinfection na ƙasa da kayan aiki don seedlings.
4. Yi amfani da kaset tare da kwalabe da kubewan ulu na ma’adinai.
5. Sayi sabbin tabarma maras kyau.
6. Shayar da tsire-tsire tare da ruwan dumi.
7. Ka yi ƙoƙarin kada a yi ɗorewa da ƙasa.
8. Ka guji salinization na ƙasa.
9. Kawar da tarkacen shuka da cutar ta shafa cikin lokaci.
10. Yi amfani da takin da ba su da sinadarin chlorine.
11. Takin kwayoyin halitta kafin aikace-aikace (akalla watanni 6).
12. Shuka seedlings a cikin nau’ikan da ke da tsayayya da cututtuka.

Lokacin da aka gano alamun farko na cutar, ‘farfado’ amfanin gona: runtse tushe zuwa ƙasa don samar da sabbin tushen lafiya. An yayyafa ƙasa a kan tushe tare da samuwar tushen. Ana kula da ƙasa tare da maganin fungicidal.

Hanyoyin Halittu

Ingantattun kwayoyin halitta zasu taimaka kare amfanin gona daga cututtuka, ba tare da la’akari da dalilinsa ba: Integral, Gamair, Bactofit da sauransu. Masana sun ba da shawarar yin maganin tsaba kokwamba kafin shuka.

Don iyakance yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa da aiwatar da magani, zaku iya amfani da Trichodermin, Glyokladin. Sun ƙunshi naman gwari na antagonistic, mafita ya kamata a ƙara zuwa ƙasa mai laushi da aka shirya don shuka. Wasu masu lambu lokacin dasa shuki ana bi da su tare da shirye-shirye daga tushe na mai tushe. Bayan mako guda, ana aiwatar da tushen jiyya na amfanin gona. A cewar masana, waɗannan matakan na iya rage adadin matattun seedlingsan shuka da sau 3 da haɓaka yawan aiki ta 3 kg / m2 a kowace kakar.

Hanyoyin sunadarai

Kwararru sun ba da shawarar rigakafin Jiƙa kwantena don tsiro a cikin maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Dole ne a bi da ƙasa tare da sterilizers, misali methyl bromide.

Ya kamata a kwaba tsaba da Tiram wata daya kafin shuka, don ƙara juriya ga amfanin gona zuwa tushen ruɓar kokwamba, Prostok, Narcissus, shirye-shiryen Amulet, da sauransu.

Kariya tare da magungunan gida

ƙyale masu shuka kayan lambu su bi da cucumbers tare da magungunan gida. Tare da foda alli, gawayi ko ash, suna yayyafa tushen wuyan cucumbers a cikin greenhouse. Wannan hanya tana ba ku damar magance raunuka ga gabobin da aka shafa da kuma dakatar da yaduwar cuta mai haɗari. tablespoons na alli, 1 tsp. vitriol da 500 ml na ruwa. Chatterbox yana aiwatar da ƙananan ɓangaren tushe da tushen ɓangaren al’ada. Irin wannan magani yana kawo sakamako mai kyau.

Prophylaxis na lokaci-lokaci tare da magunguna na gida da tushen rot da guje wa yanayi masu kyau don yaduwar kamuwa da cuta na iya ceton amfanin gona daga yanayin zafi. Dole ne masu noman kayan lambu su tuna cewa kowace cuta ta fi sauƙi don rigakafin fiye da warkewa.