Cucumbers sanannen amfanin gona ne na kayan lambu saboda dandano, abubuwan abinci. An noma shuka na dogon lokaci, fiye da shekaru dubu 4 da suka wuce. Amma noman ko da yaushe yana da matsala saboda cucumbers suna da matukar buƙata akan zafin jiki da zafi, suna iya kamuwa da cuta, kuma sun dogara da pollination daga kwari. Parthenocarpic kokwamba iri-iri babbar dama ce don kauce wa halin da ake ciki inda kayan aiki da farashin aiki don noma ba su biya ba saboda ƙananan ƙarancin ‘ya’yan itace a cikin sanyi, lokacin rani.
Halayen cucumbers na parthenocarpic iri-iri
Parthenocarpics yawanci greenhouse cucumbers. Pollination matsala ce ga rufaffiyar ƙasa. Tsarin pollination na wucin gadi na furanni yana buƙatar lokaci mai yawa da kuzari daga masu lambu, wannan nau’in cucumbers yana sa aikin ya zama mai wahala tare da ƙarin tabbacin sakamako.
Bayanin iri-iri
‘Parthenocarpy’ kalma ce ta asalin Girkanci. An fassara shi yana nufin: ‘parthenos’ – ‘budurwa’, ‘karpos’ – ‘ya’yan itace, a zahiri ‘ya’yan budurwowi’, wato, samuwar ‘ya’yan itatuwa na tsire-tsire ba tare da hadi ba. An san parthenocarpy a yawancin albarkatun gonaki. Akwai parthenocarpic apples, pears, tangerines, inabi, tumatir, da yawa sauran amfanin gona.
Parthenocarpic Properties an gyarawa kwayoyin halitta ta hanyoyi daban-daban ( inji, thermal, electromagnetic effects). Kamar kowane matasan, ko da parthenocarpics suna da tsaba, ba za su iya hawa ba kuma su zama babban shuka.
An gano kokwamba na parthenocarpic a cikin daji a cikin daji a China da Japan. A tsakiyar karni na 40, masu shayarwa sun sami nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan parthenocarpic na farko da aka kirkira ta wucin gadi. Da farko, irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su sami karɓuwa mai faɗi ba, saboda Zelentsy yana da tsayin da ba a saba ba ga masu lambu – har zuwa XNUMX cm. Bayan ɗan lokaci, nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in ‘ya’yan itace na yau da kullum ya bayyana.
Ba kamar nau’in pollinating kai ba
Yawancin lambu suna kuskuren gano parthenocarpic da cucumbers masu pollinating da kansu. Tsohon nau’in ‘ya’yan itace a cikin furanni irin na mace ba tare da pollination ba, don haka tsaba a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa sau da yawa ba su nan gaba daya. Yiwuwar kafa ‘ya’yan itace shine 50 zuwa 90%.
Sabanin haka, cucumbers masu fitar da kansu suna da furanni waɗanda a cikinsu akwai pistils da stamens, wato, babu rarrabuwa tsakanin namiji da mace. Pollination kai yana faruwa, a sakamakon haka, ‘ya’yan itatuwa da tsaba suna samuwa.
Siffar su ta gama gari: ba ɗaya ko ɗayan ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, aikin kwari.
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Bugu da ƙari, cewa parthenocarpic cucumbers zai samar da amfanin gona ko da a cikin rashi pollinating kwari, har yanzu suna da da dama muhimmanci halaye ga mabukaci:
- ‘Ya’yan itãcen irin wannan cucumbers an jera su, kusan ba su bambanta da girman ba,
- ci gaba da yin ‘ya’yan itace na dogon lokaci.
- kayan lambu suna da ɗanɗano sosai, babu alamar ɗaci, wanda galibi ana samunsa a cikin waɗannan kayan lambu,
- dace da sabo sabo, salting, pickling, gwangwani salads,
- na dogon lokaci, ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari suna riƙe da launin kore mai haske, kada su juya launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa lokacin da suka girma,
- noman amfanin gona yana da ingancin kulawa mai kyau, wanda ya dace da sufuri.
Daga cikin parthenokarpikov akwai nau’o’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) nau’i-nau’i-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya-ya) da ke da yawa, ko kuma gungu, su peculiarity shi ne cewa a lokaci guda, da dama ovaries suna samuwa a cikin axils na ganye.
Amma akwai kuma kasawa. Ya faru cewa lokacin da irin waɗannan tsire-tsire suna pollinated tare da ƙudan zuma, ana ɗaure tsaba a wani wuri a cikin ‘ya’yan itace, kuma kokwamba ya lalace, ya juya cikin pear, juya.
Iri-iri
Ana iya raba cucumbers ta hanyar balaga
Parthenocarpic nau’in cucumbers tare da kaddarorin da aka bayyana da kuma kaddarorin da aka bayyana an bambanta. An bambanta na ƙarshe ta gaskiyar cewa a kan gashin ido akwai furanni mata waɗanda ba sa buƙatar pollination, da furanni masu pollinated a cikin hanyar da aka saba. Idan ka zaɓi irin wannan iri-iri, yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar shuka shi tare da shuke-shuken da ke samar da furanni maza, don ƙara yawan pollination.
Dangane da lokacin balaga, waɗannan hybrids ba su da pollinated an bambanta:
- farkon – fruiting kwanaki 36-40 bayan germination;
- matsakaici – bayan kwanaki 45,
- marigayi – bayan kwanaki 50.
Iri – Sprinters tare da wani rauni rassan daji suna halin farkon ‘ya’yan itace. Amma bayan watanni 1,5, gashin ido zai buƙaci tsaftacewa bayan dawowar amfanin gona. Iri mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi suna da lokacin girma mai tsayi, ana iya girbe amfanin gona har zuwa Oktoba.
Yin amfani da kayan lambu kuma na iya zama daban-daban: don shirya salads, pickles da adanawa, duniya – mafi dacewa don amfani a cikin nau’i mai laushi da magani mai zafi.
Narkewa
Ka tuna cewa ba bu mai kyau don girma parthenocarp a cikin bude ƙasa, saboda kwari pollination na iya haifar da nakasawa tayin da tabarbarewar dandano (bayyanar haushi), ko da yake akwai duniya hybrids tsara don greenhouses da bude ƙasa. Namo na parthenocarpic cucumbers yana da nasa peculiarities.
Shirye-shiryen iri
Idan ba a sarrafa tsaba da aka saya ba musamman, suna buƙatar shirye-shirye: jiƙa da hardening.
Don shirya don germination, ana sanya tsaba a kan zane mai laushi. Kada a bar shi ya bushe da rana har sai ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun fito. Don yin ruwa, zaka iya amfani da biostimulant na musamman. Yin amfani da wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate ko hydrogen peroxide zai ba da gudummawa ga disinfection na tsaba kuma a lokaci guda zai motsa germination.
Don taurara tsaba, ana sanya su a cikin jaka tare da adibas kuma a sanya su cikin firiji don kwanaki 1-2.
Seedling namo
Ana iya girma iri-iri ta hanyoyi biyu
Parthenocarpic kokwamba iri suna girma a cikin seedlings da seedlings. A cikin akwati na farko, ana amfani da kofuna na peat don shuka iri (tsiran kokwamba da zafi suna canja wurin dashi). Ƙasar tana da zafi sosai (tana iya ƙonewa).
An rufe kayan shuka zuwa zurfin 2-2.5 cm. Zazzabi har sai an ajiye harbe na farko a 25-27 ° C. Da zarar harbe ya bayyana, ana iya rage shi zuwa 18-23 ° C, kuma da dare – zuwa 16 ° C. Ruwa na yau da kullun, ruwan dumi.
Ana dasa tsire-tsire a cikin greenhouse wanda aƙalla ganye na gaskiya 5 suka haɓaka (shekaru kusan makonni 3-4). Yanayin zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse ya kamata ya kasance aƙalla 14-16 ° C
Girma ba tare da tsaba ba
Ana iya shuka tsaba a cikin gadaje kai tsaye a cikin greenhouse. Idan ba a yi zafi ba, kuna buƙatar jira har sai ƙasa ta yi zafi har zuwa 15 ° C. Cucumbers sune amfanin gona na thermophilic, tsaba kawai ba za su iya tsiro ba.
Amfanin amfanin gona, musamman parthenocarpic cucumbers, suna kula da haifuwar ƙasa. A cikin darussan kan girma kayan lambu, ana bada shawarar kula da pH na 6-7. Lokacin shirya ƙasa, yawanci ana gabatar da taki – har zuwa kilogiram 10 a kowace 1 m2. Yawan aikace-aikacen takin ma’adinai a kowace 1 m2:
- nitrogen – 18 g;
- phosphorus – 25 g,
- potassium – 20 g;
- magnesium – 5 g (an ba da duk ka’idoji don abu mai aiki).
Shuka (ko shuka seedlings na gilashin) a cikin ƙasa yana faruwa bisa ga makirci: 0.5 m tsakanin bushes, 1.5 m – tsakanin layuka. Kuna buƙatar kula da nau’in daji, idan rassan shuka da ƙarfi, to yana buƙatar ƙarin sarari don haske mai kyau.
Cuidado
Parthenocarpic cucumbers an kafa su daban-daban daga ‘yan’uwansu na kowa. Da farko, ba sa tsunkule tsakiyar harbi, akalla har sai ya kai tsayin trellis (kimanin 2 m). Kada ku bar harbe sama da 6 na gefe har zuwa 30 cm tsayi, na sama har zuwa 50 cm.
Tun da kaddarorin parthenocarpy sun fi bayyana a cikin babba na kara, duk ganye da ovaries ana cire su a cikin sinuses don ‘ya’yan itace masu yawa a ƙasa.
Yawan ban ruwa da mita ya dogara da matakan girma da nau’in shuka. A lokacin germination lokaci da samuwar ovaries, matsakaici watering ne da za’ayi. Tare da isowar cucumbers na farko, yawan ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji yana karuwa daga lita 4 zuwa guga sau 2-3 a mako. Masana aikin gona suna ba da shawarar irin goro da gherkin don yin ruwa akai-akai.
Dokokin ban ruwa
Babban dokokin shayarwa iri ɗaya ne da na cucumbers na yau da kullun:
- ruwan dumi,
- ruwa a karkashin tushen,
- zabi lokacin da ya dace: kafin ‘ya’yan itace, da safe, bayan farawa, da dare.
Taki tare da inorganic abubuwa musanya da Organic. A karo na farko, bayan kafa 4 zanen gado, ana maimaita su kowane mako biyu.
Mitar girbi: pickles a kalla sau 1 a cikin kwanaki uku, pickles – kullum. Idan ba ku girbe amfanin gona a kan lokaci ba, ba sabon ovaries zai yi ba kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su bushe.
ƙarshe
Matakan parthenocarpic (F1), bisa ga lambuna da yawa, yana buƙatar kulawa da yawa, amma sakamakon shine babban yawan amfanin ƙasa mai inganci. A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, sababbin hybrids sun bayyana, dace da greenhouses da bude ƙasa.
Kowane mutum yana da zarafi don zaɓar mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare su: ta hanyar balaga, matakin bayyanar kaddarorin, ta hanyar manufa da halaye na ‘ya’yan itace.
