Ana iya shuka kokwamba duka a cikin ƙasa buɗe kuma a cikin greenhouse. Don ƙara yawan germination da kuma kare amfanin gona daga marigayi sanyi, masana sun ba da shawarar dasa shi a cikin seedlings. Girman kokwamba seedlings a gida baya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo. Ta hanyar sanin duk asirin wannan tsari, za ku iya girma girma, tsire-tsire masu girma.
Dace namo na kokwamba seedlings
Kwanakin shuka
Batu na farko da kuke kula da shi shine lokacin dasa shuki.Don sanin lokacin da za a dasa cucumbers don seedlings, kiyaye waɗannan abubuwan a hankali:
- yankin don shuka kayan lambu,
- Hanyar noma (greenhouse ko waje),
- nisan gonaki daga mazaunin mazaunin bazara.
Dole ne a kiyaye tsiron kokwamba daga sanyi. Saboda haka, shuka dabino a yankunan da ke da tsayin hunturu da bazara mai sanyi zai bambanta da kwanakin shuka a yankunan da bazara ke zuwa da wuri. Kada ka yi la’akari da yanayin yanayi kawai mazauna bazara, a cikin yankin da akwai greenhouse mai zafi. Idan greenhouse ba mai tsanani, tare da dasa shuki na kokwamba seedlings, kana bukatar ka jira kadan.
Abu na ƙarshe da ya kamata a kula da shi shine yawan ziyartar gidan rani. Waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasar ko kuma suna da lambun kusa da gida suna iya dasa tsofaffin ciyayi masu ƙarfi da wuri. Wannan haɗarin ya dace da gaskiyar cewa idan zafin jiki ya faɗi ƙasa 0 ° C, zaku iya samun lokaci don adana saukowa. Idan gidan rani yana da nisa daga gida, to sanyi zai lalata duk tsire-tsire.
Lokacin dasa shuki cucumbers don seedlings a cikin 2018, ya kamata a tuna cewa a cikin kwantena ko kofuna waɗanda tsire-tsire ba za su iya wuce kwanaki 30 ba, don haka tare da kimanin kwanan wata dasa kayan lambu ya kamata a ƙayyade kafin shuka tsaba.
Zaɓin tsaba
Yawanci ya dangana a kan ingancin da seed.It ne mafi alhẽri ba, baicin matasan iri, mafi yawan abin da suke resistant zuwa kokwamba cututtuka da kuma aka halin high yawan aiki. Kula da bayanin da halaye na iri-iri. Akwai nau’ikan da suka dace da yanayin sanyi. Ana iya shuka su har ma a cikin Siberiya mai sanyi. Kuma akwai wadanda ba su yarda da yanayin zafi ba. Ana ba da shawarar su don noma a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, Moscow da sauran yankuna masu irin wannan yanayi. Ya kamata a sayi iri a cikin shaguna na musamman kawai.
Wadanda suke shuka kokwamba daga tsaba da aka tattara daga girbi na baya ya kamata su zaɓi mafi kyawun samfurori. Ya kamata tsaba su zama babba kuma ba m. Kada a yi amfani da misalan da ke da lalacewar injina, ɗimbin ɗigo, ko wasu lahani – wataƙila ba za su toho ba. Ana samun mafi kyawun girbi daga tsaba waɗanda suke barci tsawon shekaru 3-4. Ba a ba da shawarar tsofaffin iri ba.
Girma seedlings
Bi umarnin don girma seedlings
Yi la’akari da umarnin mataki-mataki don girma kokwamba seedlings tare da cikakken bayanin kowane mataki. Dukkan tsari ya ƙunshi matakai 5:
- shirye-shiryen dasa kayan,
- shirye-shiryen kwantena don dasa shuki,
- shiri na kasa,
- shuka tsaba,
- kula da seedling.
Bayan yanke shawarar lokacin da za a dasa cucumbers don seedlings, kuna buƙatar shirya duk abin da kuke buƙata (kwantena ko kofuna, kayan shuka, ƙasa). A lokacin shuka, komai ya kamata ya kasance a hannu.
Shirye-shiryen kayan shuka
Wannan shine mataki mafi mahimmanci. Dole ne a tada tsaba masu barci. Yi haka tare da taimakon zafi da zafi ko sanyi. Ƙananan lambu sun juya zuwa fasaha ta biyu.
Jiƙa iri
Wasu mutane suna sanya kayan shuka a cikin akwati da aka cika da ruwa. Wannan haramun ne. Don haɓakar tsiro na yau da kullun, ana buƙatar iskar oxygen kuma samun iskar oxygen zuwa tsaba a cikin ruwa yana da wahala. Zai fi kyau a sanya kayan dasa shuki a kan gauze da aka jika da ruwa mai dumi kuma a bar shi tsawon sa’o’i 24-48 a cikin daki inda zafin iska ya kasance 26 ° C. Ya kamata gauze ya kasance m duk tsawon lokacin. Idan ya cancanta, ana fesa shi da ruwa a zafin jiki.
Tsaba suna girma da abin nadi ta atomatik. Don yin wannan, an sanya su a kan takarda bayan gida mai ruwa mai ruwa da kuma narkar da su, sa’an nan kuma a tsoma ƙarshen mirgina maras iri a cikin gilashin ruwa kuma an rufe shi da jakar filastik. Wannan hanyar jiƙa iri sabobi ne, har yanzu bai sami shahara sosai ba.
Taurin iri
Wasu lambu suna ba da shawarar hardening na tsaba. Wannan tsari yana taimakawa wajen inganta juriya ga sanyi, kawai ‘ya’yan da ba su da tushe suna taurare, bayan haka an dasa su nan da nan a cikin ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, ba zai yiwu a shiga cikin germination na tsaba ba. An zaɓi ɗaya ko ɗaya.
Don hardening, ana sanya tsaba a kan gauze ko rigar auduga a baya an jika a cikin ruwa, sa’an nan kuma sanya su a cikin firiji. Hardening yana faruwa a zazzabi na -2 ° C zuwa 0 ° C. Ajiye tsaba a cikin firiji don ba fiye da kwanaki 2 ba.
Zaɓin kwantena don shuka
Ana yin shukar tsaba a cikin kwantena ko a cikin kwantena daban. Tun da girbi yana da damuwa don amfanin gona da aka ba da kayan lambu, yana da kyau a yi amfani da zaɓi na biyu. Zai iya zama kofuna na filastik ko peat. Amfanin kofuna na peat shine cewa ana iya dasa su kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa tare da shuke-shuke, amma ba sa ruɓe da sauri a cikin ƙasa. Idan cucumbers suna da tsarin tushen rauni, ba zai iya karya ta bangon alfarwar peat ba. Wannan yana hana ci gaban tushen, wanda ke cutar da ci gaban shuka kanta.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Ƙasa don tsire-tsire na kokwamba, za ku iya dafa shi da kanku ko ku saya a cikin kantin sayar da na musamman. Ƙasa mai haske ya dace da girma cucumbers. An shirya shi daga ganyen ƙasa. Ba shi da kyau a cikin abubuwan da aka gano, saboda ana ƙara humus, superphosphates, toka da potassium sulfate, ana ɗaukar kilo 4 na ƙasa laminar guda humus, 100 g na ash, 5 g na potassium sulfate da 10 g na superphosphate. Duk abubuwan da aka haɗa sun haɗu. Don sanya ƙasa ta sassauta, ƙara ɗan peat ko sawdust wanda aka riga aka rigaya da ruwan zãfi.
Dole ne a shirya ƙasa don seedlings
An ba da izinin girma cucumbers don seedlings a cikin 2018 a cikin allunan peat. Suna da kauri na mm 8 waɗanda, lokacin da suke hulɗa da ruwa, suna ƙaruwa sau 5 zuwa 6. Da farko, an yi rami iri a kowace kwamfutar hannu peat. Kafin dasa shuki, ana jiƙa allunan peat a cikin ruwa kuma suna jira har sai sun ƙara girma, sa’an nan kuma an sanya iri da aka shuka a cikin kowane kofi kuma an rufe shi da peat, wanda za’a iya cire shi daga kofin.
Lokacin zabar allunan peat, kula da diamita. Domin tsire-tsire kokwamba ba su wuce kofin ba, diamita ya kamata ya zama 42 mm.
Shuka iri
A cikin kowane kofi, sanya iri da aka shuka. Kafin bayyanar sprouts, kofuna waɗanda ke da tsaba suna cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na 25-26 ° C. Mafi ƙarancin zafin da aka yarda shine 22 ° C.
Don hanzarta fitowar seedlings, an rufe kofuna da jakar filastik.
Seedling kula
Lokacin girma kokwamba seedlings a cikin 2018, kuna buƙatar kiyaye yanayin haske da yanayin zafi da shayar da tsire-tsire a cikin lokaci.
yanayin haske
Wannan tsiro na kayan lambu yana buƙatar haske mai yawa. A cikin rashin isasshen haske, ana tara tsiron kokwamba. Lokacin hasken rana ya kamata ya wuce akalla sa’o’i 10, idan zai yiwu – 12.
Don hasken baya, yana da kyau a yi amfani da fitilu masu kyalli. Ba su da tsada kuma ba sa dumama sararin samaniya. Ba shi da daraja haskaka tsire-tsire fiye da sa’o’i 10-12: yawan haske kuma yana shafar ci gaban tsire-tsire, da kuma rashin sa.
Watse
Tsire-tsire masu rauni da bakin ciki a farkon lokacin shayarwa kawai da ruwan dumi. Masana sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwa a zazzabi na 22 ° C. Ba a yi amfani da ruwan famfo don wannan dalili ba, ana kiyaye shi don akalla sa’o’i 48. Yana da matukar wanda ba a so don shayar da tsire-tsire tare da ruwan zãfi.
Bayan fitowar, ana ƙara ruwa aƙalla sau 4 a mako, ba tare da cika tsire-tsire ba. Dole ne ƙasa ta zama m, ba rigar ba.
Yayin da kokwamba ke girma, buƙatar ruwa yana ƙaruwa, kamar yadda yawan shayarwa yake. Idan ya cancanta, jiƙa shuka kowace rana. Bayan shayarwa, kar a manta da sassauta ƙasa, in ba haka ba za a iyakance samun isashshen iskar oxygen zuwa tushen, wanda zai cutar da ci gaba da ci gaban shuke-shuke.
Tun da abinci mai gina jiki yana faruwa ba kawai ta hanyar tushen tsarin ba, har ma ta hanyar ganye, ana yin fesa. Yi haka da safe.
Yanayin zafi
Idan ba a lura da yanayin zafin jiki ba, tsire-tsire suna girma da kyau kuma suna shimfiɗa sama. Har sai farkon harbe ya bayyana, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 26 ° C a cikin dakin, bayan haka an rage yawan zafin jiki ta 5 ° C. Bayan bayyanar duk harbe, ana kiyaye zafin jiki a 22 ° C a cikin rana mai haske, 20. ° C a rana mai gajimare da 19 ° C da dare.
Idan ba zai yiwu a daidaita yanayin iska ba bisa ga ka’idodin da ke sama, tabbatar da cewa a lokacin rana bai tashi sama da 25 ° C. Da dare, don kada tsire-tsire su daskare, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na iska a matakin. ba kasa da 15 ° C. Tun da shuka ne da za’ayi, yafi a watan Mayu, babu matsaloli.
Yana da mahimmanci a dasa tsire-tsire a cikin bude ƙasa a cikin lokaci. Overgrown ko da na kwanaki da yawa, da seedlings suna talauci samu da Bloom kasa rayayye fiye da waɗanda aka dasa a cikin ƙasa a kan dace hanya. Idan tsire-tsire sun yi fure kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, ba za a sami girbi mai kyau ba. Komai nawa ne ya rage kafin dasa cucumbers a cikin ƙasa, yana da kyau a sake shuka su.
ƙarshe
Domin kada a bi da maganin kokwamba, ya isa ya kula da ita yadda ya kamata Bayyanar tsire-tsire zai nuna matsala. Idan tsire-tsire suna da bakin ciki kuma suna da rauni ko girma a hankali, akwai haɗarin rasa wani ɓangare na amfanin gona. Yana da mahimmanci don kafa abin da ya shafi ci gaban shuka da kuma kawar da matsalar. Idan an kiyaye duk ka’idodin, kuma tsire-tsire ba su da ƙarfi sosai, ana ciyar da takin ma’adinai masu rikitarwa. Wani lokaci matsalar ta ta’allaka ne a cikin dasa shuki sosai, to kawai suna buƙatar shuka.
