Mazauna rani waɗanda suke son abubuwan al’ajabi, bayan sun mallaki al’adun iyali na yankinsu, suna neman sabbin tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki. A halin yanzu, akwai lokuta da yawa da suka cancanci kulawa. Daga cikin su, mafi sabon abu shine matasan kokwamba-guna. Ogurdynya kayan lambu ne wanda masoya masu ban sha’awa suka dade suna girma akan rukunin yanar gizon su.
Kula da kokwamba
Descripción
Ana ɗaukar Asiya ta Tsakiya a matsayin wurin haifuwar al’adu. Masana kimiyya sun yi kiwonsa ta hanyar ketare mafi kyawun nau’ikan cucumbers da farkon irin guna. Wannan shuka ya kai fiye da mita 2 a tsayi. Dajin yayi kama da kokwamba, ya bambanta da manyan ganye idan aka kwatanta da yanayin daji na al’ada. Ana girma duka a kwance da kuma a kan trellises.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari
Siffar, launi da dandano suna canzawa yayin tsarin girma. A cikin nau’i marar girma, kokwamba yana da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu kama da cucumbers. Dandano da kamshi ma iri daya ne. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da girman 8 zuwa 12 cm. Launi kore ne. A saman yana da fulawa da ke fita yayin da kayan lambu suka girma. A wannan lokacin girma, ana iya cinye shi danye, pickled, salted, salads.
Cikakkun ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna ɗaukar siffar guna. Ta hanyar girma sun kai 60-80 cm, nauyin su na iya zama 1-2 kg (a wasu maki – 5-8 kg). Bawon ya zama rawaya tare da ratsi, naman yana da taushi, ƙamshin guna, ayaba, peach, da dai sauransu. Yana samun launi mai tsami. Akwai ‘yar iri a ciki. Fata yana da laushi, ba za a iya cire shi ba lokacin cinyewa. Jam, stewed ‘ya’yan itace, candied ‘ya’yan itace ana shirya daga irin ‘ya’yan itatuwa, bauta sabo ne a matsayin kayan zaki.
Yadda za a zabi iri-iri
Don zaɓar nau’in da ya dace dangane da zaɓin ɗanɗano, kuna buƙatar gwaji, saboda ba duk masu lambu ba ne ke gamsuwa bayan girma wannan exot. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri shine Manduria, amma kokwamba yana da nau’ikan iri da yawa, kuma duk sun bambanta.
Akwai nau’o’in ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ko da sun girma, ba sa rasa dandano da ƙanshin kokwamba. Alal misali, Tarot, Melonfleuhausus.
Wadanda suka fi son dandano mai dadi na ‘ya’yan itace ya kamata su kula da iri:
- Abarba,
- Zaki,
- Mai dadi,
- Banana Orange.
Sunayen su suna magana da kansu.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na iri-iri
Ta hanyar ketare nau’ikan kayan lambu da aka zaɓa, masu shayarwa sun yi ƙoƙarin samun kyawawan halayensu. Sun yi shi. Daga cikin fa’idodin wannan amfanin gona akwai:
- babban aiki,
- tsawon lokaci na fruiting,
- ƙananan buƙatun ban ruwa,
- saurin girma,
- mai amfani.
Wani guna na yau da kullun a cikin yanayin mu ba shi da lokacin girma, samun sukari, koda kuwa farkon dasa ne. Ogurdynya yana da ɗan gajeren lokacin ciyayi, don haka ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna girma da sauri. Tare da ingantaccen noma da kulawa, amfanin gona zai ji daɗin kayan lambu har ma kafin sanyi, kawai kuna buƙatar tattara su a cikin lokaci.
Dole ne a ɗauki ‘ya’yan itace akan lokaci
Matasan kankana masu ɗanɗanon cucumbers sun ƙunshi bitamin da yawa (A, B, C, E, PP), abubuwan ganowa (Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Na), pectins, da Organic acid. Itacen itace yana da kaddarorin antioxidant da antisclerotic, yana da diuretic, choleretic, hematopoietic, yana inganta metabolism, yana kawar da cholesterol daga jiki.
Kasantuwar wannan shuka shine saurin kamuwa da cututtuka na kwayan cuta, ana adana sabbin ‘ya’yan itatuwa na tsawon watanni 1,5 kuma a wuri mai sanyi.
Dasa iri
Ogurdynya yana son rana, don haka suna zaɓar wuri mai haske ba tare da zane ba. Kada a dasa shi kusa da kabewa don kauce wa giciye pollination. Har ila yau, lokacin zabar wurin da za a shuka, yana da daraja la’akari da abin da kayan lambu suka girma a kan shafin a bara. Kabewa mugayen magabata ne. Ba a ba da shawarar shuka sau biyu a wuri ɗaya ba.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Ƙasar tana buƙatar takin, saboda kokwamba yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi. Don yin wannan, a cikin fall a kan gadaje da aka haƙa a cikin 1 square. m ƙara 25 g na superphosphate, 12 g na potassium sulfate, 15 g na ammonium nitrate da 0.5 buckets na hummus. Idan ƙasa ba ta cika da abinci mai gina jiki ba, ‘ya’yan itatuwa ba za su yi girma ba kuma dandano ba zai farantawa ba.
Hanyar shuka
Ana shuka kayan lambu duka a cikin tsiro da kuma a cikin dasa shuki. Idan an zaɓi hanya ta biyu, ana aiwatar da ita a ƙarshen Mayu. An riga an jiƙa tsaba kokwamba a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate na minti 20. Girman raguwa ya kamata ya zama 1.5 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin bushes – 1 m.
Za a iya girbe amfanin gona a baya idan an dasa amfanin gona da tsiro. Don girma shi, a farkon watan Mayu, ana shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane. Wasu lambu suna yin haka a farkon Afrilu. A wannan yanayin, an riga an girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa a farkon lokacin rani.
Tsaba
Seedlings suna girma kamar haka:
- Ɗauki tabarau, misali mugaye. Cika su 3/4 tare da peat da humus (zaku iya siyan cakuda ƙasa na musamman).
- Ana saka iri a kowace guda.
- Suna zurfafa da 2-2.5 cm.
- Saka komai tare a cikin akwati kuma rufe shi da fim.
Sprouts suna tsiro a cikin kwanaki 3-5 idan yanayin yana da dumi.
An dasa shi a cikin wani wuri mai dindindin bayan kimanin wata daya, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya kai 20 ° C. Ana girma seedlings a cikin greenhouses da kuma a cikin bude ƙasa, amma sau da yawa ana yin noman matasan kokwamba da guna a cikin yanayin greenhouse , saboda canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri ga ci gaban bushes. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin greenhouse mai zafi, ana iya girbe amfanin gona na dogon lokaci, amma ba a lokacin sanyi ba.
Lokacin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar yin hankali kada ku lalata tushen, wanda bai kamata a cire shi da dunƙule na ƙasa ba. Wajibi ne a yi zurfi sosai kamar yadda zai yiwu, to, an kafa tsarin tushe mai karfi. Don dacewa da tsire-tsire a cikin sabon wuri, an rufe su da kayan da ba a saka ba.
Kulawar kokwamba
Saboda yawan ruwa, ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iya fashe
Kula da cucumbers bai bambanta da kula da nau’ikan cucumbers na yau da kullun ba.
Watse
Kayan lambu baya buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai, kamar kokwamba, har ma yana fama da fari na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Wajibi ne a dasa ƙasa tare da ruwan dumi lokacin da saman samansa ya bushe. A lokacin lokacin samar da ‘ya’yan itace, ana rage shayarwa, in ba haka ba sun zama ruwa da fashe.
Horo
Tare da daidaitaccen tsari na daji, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana ƙaruwa, sabili da haka, lokacin da akwai ganye 5-6, tsunkule babban tushe. Saboda wannan aikin, yawancin furannin mata suna bayyana a gefen harbe.
Taki
Yayin da ake noman noman, ana takin sa da taki. Don guga 1 na ruwa, ɗauki shebur taki da 1 tbsp. l Saltpeter Ana yin jiko kowane mako 2. Ana aiwatar da ciyarwar farko lokacin da kokwamba ya kai tsayin 20-30 cm.
Ana amfani da taki na kaji azaman taki, amma saboda abun ciki na nitrogen bai kamata a yi amfani da shi da yawa ba, in ba haka ba shuka zai tara koren taro sosai, kuma tsarin tsara zai dakata. Wannan zai haifar da rashin ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Yanayin zafi
Ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse a 25-30 ° C, kuma alamun ƙasa kada su wuce 25 ° C. In ba haka ba, kokwamba ya sauke ovary na ‘ya’yan itace, kuma wannan yana lalata amfanin gona. Tare da manyan inuwa da kauri, furanni mara kyau suna samuwa kuma furannin mata suna girma da kyau.
Idan kokwamba yana girma a kan trellises na tsaye, yana da daraja yin tallafi na musamman, saboda ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma suna da nauyi. Don kada su fadi, wajibi ne a yi girbi a cikin lokaci. Idan al’adar ta kasance a kwance, a wasu wuraren bulala tana cike da ƙasa, shuka zai sami ƙarin tushen kuma yana samun ƙarin abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, exot zai gamsu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa na farko wata daya bayan dasa shuki. Lokacin tattarawa, bar peduncle 3-4 cm cikin girman – wannan yana tsawaita rayuwar shiryayye.
Kula da kwaro
Duk da kyakkyawan juriya ga cututtuka, har yanzu yana da adadi mai yawa na takarce. -Don haka fallasa wasu daga cikinsu. Tare da babban danshi na ƙasa da kuma tsire-tsire masu yawa, cututtukan fungal suna shafar shi. A wannan yanayin, furannin furanni suna ruɓe, kuma ovaries kansu.
Ana iya rigakafin waɗannan cututtuka. A matsayin ma’auni na rigakafi, ana fesa bushes tare da fungicides masu dauke da jan karfe. An shawarci masu lambu suyi amfani da kayan aiki kamar phytosporin. Yana da aminci kuma yana nuna babban inganci a cikin yaƙi da cututtuka mafi haɗari na kayan lambu. Ana amfani da wannan maganin don magance ɓarkewar tushen, ɓarkewar latti, mildew, scab, da sauransu. Hakanan zaka iya ɗaukar ruwan Bordeaux 15%, ba shi da tasiri, amma kuma yana iya kawar da cutar.
Idan al’adar ta kamu da kwayoyin cuta, to da farko an cire furannin da suka shafa kuma ana bi da sassan tare da bayani na potassium permanganate.
ƙarshe
Kusan cucumbers na yau da kullun a farkon matakan haɓakawa da kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu ɗanɗano na kankana ba za su iya barin ko da mai lambu ba. Idan kun samar da amfanin gona tare da kyakkyawan yanayin greenhouse, zaku iya girbi amfanin gona mai inganci a tsakiyar lokacin rani.
Kuna iya yin alamar shafi wannan shafi
