Kokwamba na daji wani nau’in amfanin gona ne da ba a saba gani ba a cikin dangin squash. Ya sami shahara saboda ikon sauke tsaba. Sannan kuma saboda rashin fa’ida lokacin fita da juriya ga cututtuka.
Crazy (daji) kokwamba
Ana amfani da lambun lambu don dalilai na ado da kuma a cikin maganin gargajiya. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai guba, don haka kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai da shi.
Halayen iri-iri
Al’adar ta sami sunan ta godiya ga hanya mai ban sha’awa na yadawa. Ana kuma kiransa echinocystis ko ‘ya’yan itace mai karu. Mad Cucumber tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara. Ita ce kawai wakilin wannan nau’in. Momordica shine mafi sanannun iri-iri. Asalin asalin Arewacin Amurka, an gabatar da shi zuwa Turai a ƙarni na XNUMX. Yanzu an rarraba a cikin Azores, a cikin Bahar Rum, a kudancin Rasha da Ukraine, a Asiya Ƙarama.
A cikin yanayi, ana samun shi a kusa da hanyoyi, a wuraren datti. Kuna iya ganinsa a matsayin ciyawar ciyawa kusa da teku.
Bayanin daji
Al’ada kamar mai rarrafe ne. Yana tasowa da sauri, yana yadawa akan tallafi. Tsawon harbe har zuwa 6 m, a cikin yanayi mai kyau zai iya kaiwa 10 m. Tushen shuka ba tare da antennae ba. An baje shi a ƙasa, yana da ƙananan zaruruwa a samansa. Tushen fari ne, kauri, nama.
Bayanin ganye: tsari a kan petioles shine madadin, siffar yana da siffar zuciya ko triangular. A gefuna suna da denticles. Babban ɓangaren kore ne, ɓangaren ƙasa yana murƙushe, jin launin toka. Girman 5-10 cm, zai iya kaiwa 20 cm. Petioles suna da nama, tsayin su shine 5-15 cm.
Furen mahaukaci kokwamba na yau da kullun, launin rawaya mai launin rawaya. Su ne unisexuality, monoecious, da wuya dioecious. Furen yana da siffar corolla, an raba shi zuwa sassa biyar. Stamens biyar, hudu daga cikinsu an haɗa su, na biyar an sanya su daban. Turmi na carpels uku tare da ƙananan kwai. Kamshin yana da daɗi, yana tunawa da ƙamshin lambu. Saboda haka, shuka yana jawo kwari, musamman ƙudan zuma. Wannan yana ƙara yawan amfanin gonakin noma. Flowering yana faruwa a watan Yuli-Satumba.
Bayanin ‘ya’yan itace
Bayan fure, ana samar da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu tsami. Launi shine kore ko launin toka-kore, siffar ba ta da kyau. Tsawon daga 3 zuwa 6 cm, nisa – 1.5-2.5 cm. Kwayoyin suna da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, saman su yana da santsi, tsawon yana kusan 4 mm. Suna da bristles mai nuni. Fatar sirara ce. Ripening yana faruwa a watan Agusta, to, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun juya launin rawaya. Idan kun taɓa su, harba tsaba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda matsanancin matsin lamba da ke tasowa a ciki (har zuwa yanayi 6). Saboda wannan, shuka ya sami sunansa. Tsaba na mahaukaci kokwamba yada zuwa nisa na 6 m, fesa komai da gamsai. Sai amfanin gona ya yawaita.
Idan baku taɓa cikakke ‘ya’yan itacen ba, yana faɗuwa daga busasshiyar tushe. An kafa rami ta inda tsaba ke fitowa.
Za a iya cin ‘ya’yan itatuwa matasa
Za a iya amfani da ‘ya’yan itacen kokwamba mai hauka a matsayin abinci na matasa a cikin kwanaki 10. A cikin mafi girma, suna da zafi sosai. Kafin amfani, ana jiƙa su a cikin ruwan gishiri don 10-12 hours. Ana iya maimaita hanya har sai dacin ya ragu. Dole ne a cire fata. Ana amfani da ɓangaren litattafan almara don yin salads ko stews.
Har ila yau, ana amfani da shukar mahaukaciyar kokwamba a aikin likitancin likitancin gargajiya. Bayan haka, yana da kaddarorin masu amfani saboda mahimmancin abun da ke ciki. Masana kimiyya suna binciken su har yau. Waɗannan ‘ya’yan itatuwan daji an san sun ƙunshi:
- alkaloids,
- glucósidos (elaterinas, elatericinas A y B),
- sterols,
- abubuwan da ke dauke da nitrogen,
- Organic acid da fatty,
- sunadarai
An nuna kasancewar carotenoids, triterpenoids, bitamin C da B1.
Kakanninmu sun yi amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa kore ba kawai don dalilai na magani ba, har ma da mai tushe tare da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. Ana amfani da shi don cututtuka irin su tsutsotsi, digo, hanta, da ciwon haɗin gwiwa. Har ila yau yana da antitumor, diuretic, decongestant, absorbable da bactericidal Properties. Ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na sabo ne yana da amfani ga abscesses, fistulas da basur. Lokacin shirya shi, ya kamata a sanya safar hannu don guje wa konewa.
Don amfani da kwayoyi da aka shirya akan Mad Cucumber, wajibi ne a ƙarƙashin kulawar likita da kuma kula da lafiyar ku. Kar a sha su yayin daukar ciki ko shayarwa. Yawan wuce gona da iri yana barazanar tashin zuciya, tashin hankali, amai, ciwon ciki, saurin bugun jini.
Girma
Momordika yana son wurare masu zafi, amma yana iya girma a cikin inuwa mai ban sha’awa. Baya yarda da zayyana. Suna shuka a kusa da ginshiƙan da itacen inabin zai murƙushe. Ya kamata a lura cewa yana da ikon yadawa zuwa wasu tsire-tsire da ke kusa.
Ƙasa mafi dacewa don shuka amfanin gona dole ne ta kasance tana da kaddarorin masu zuwa:
- ruwa permeability,
- haske,
- tsaka tsaki ko raunin acidity.
Waɗannan sharuɗɗan an cika su a cikin yumbu ko ƙasa mai yashi. Idan abun da ke ciki na ƙasa bai dace da noma ba, zaka iya inganta shi. Don kawar da matsanancin acidity, ana yin liming.
Shuka a cikin bude ƙasa
Momordiki sowed kamar yadda nan da nan shuka a bude ƙasa da seedlings. Kuna iya siyan tsaba daga shago ko girbi da kanku. Don yin wannan, sanya ‘ya’yan itace a cikin jaka kuma girgiza shi. Abin da ke ciki ya kasance akansa. Ana wanke tsaba. Wani lokaci ana tattara su kawai lokacin da shuka ya harbe. Amma mafi yawansu za su tashi ne ta hanyar da ba a sani ba.
Zai fi kyau shuka cucumbers a farkon Mayu
Ana iya dasa tsaba kokwamba a cikin ƙasa ko da a cikin kaka. Suna jure wa hunturu daidai kuma suna girma da kyau saboda yanayin sanyi. Dole ne a fara jika su. Amma ya fi kyau zuwa ƙasa bayan ƙarshen sanyi. Wannan yana kusa da farkon watan Mayu.
Wurin sauka yana da ɗanshi. Nisa tsakanin bushes ya kamata ya zama 30-50 cm.
Girma seedlings
Shuka iri Shiri Crazy kokwamba ya kamata a fara a watan Afrilu daga scarification. Don yin wannan, shafa tip kowane iri da sandpaper, saboda harsashi yana da wuyar gaske. Sa’an nan kuma zuba a cikin wani dumi bayani na potassium permanganate. Bar na ‘yan kwanaki. Don germinate da tsaba, an sanya su a cikin akwati tare da rigar sawdust ko a kan bandeji mai laushi da ruwa, gauze. Yanayin zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama 25 ° C.
Bayan bayyanar ƙananan tushen, ana shuka tsaba a cikin kofuna waɗanda aka cika da cakuda ƙasa. Don shirya shi, ɗauki daidai gwargwado:
- ƙasa mai ganye,
- turbo,
- humus,
- Yashi kogin.
A cikin kowane kofin saka tsaba 2 don kawar da mafi rauni sprout daga baya. Ana barin kwantena a gida ko sanya su a cikin greenhouse. Babban abu shine dumi.
Ana dasa tsire-tsire a wuri na dindindin a ƙarshen Mayu. Ana shayar da shi sosai.
Cuidado
Girma mahaukaci kokwamba baya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa. A cikin filayensa ana shuka shi don dalilai na ado. An yi musu ado da baranda, ganuwar gida, gazebos, yin shinge. A cikin wata daya ko biyu yana tsiro, shimfidar shimfidar wuri da ake so. Tsarin daji ya dace da yanayin muhalli daban-daban.
Ana iya dasa shi kadai, yayin da yake harbe iri a nesa mai nisa. Saboda haka, ba koyaushe yana girma a wuraren da ake so ba. A lokacin ƙuruciya, harbe suna da sauƙin tarawa da cirewa daga shafin. Har ila yau, a lokacin hunturu, tushen ya ɓace, don haka kada ku ji tsoron yaduwar yaduwar amfanin gona.
Watse
Bugu da ƙari ga rana, zafi yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban ‘ya’yan itace mai karu. Tare da yanayin zafi na al’ada ba ya buƙatar ƙarin shayarwa. Amma a cikin yanayin bushewa wajibi ne a samar da shi a cikin matsakaici. Kuna iya shayar da shi da sauran amfanin gona.
Liga
Don samar da hasken da ake bukata don amfanin gona, an sanye shi da trellises a tsaye, don haka shuka ba zai fadi ba kuma ba zai karya ba. Idan ana amfani da ita don shading gazebos ko wasu gine-gine, ba za ku iya ɗaure shi ba. Bayan haka, zai tsaya tare da zane-zane.
Abincin
Ko da yake Mad Cucumber ba shi da ƙima don kiyayewa, ana haɗe shi don kyakkyawan bayyanar da saurin ci gaba. Idan an zaɓi hanyar girma seedling, to a karon farko ana yin suturar saman lokacin da aka dasa shi a wuri na dindindin. Ana yin wannan a ƙarshen Mayu da farkon Yuli. Ana ba da rabin cokali na humus a kowane ramin dasa.
Ana amfani da takin mai zuwa sau biyu a wata. Ana amfani da abubuwan halitta irin su mullein ko zubar da tsuntsaye. Daga cikin waɗannan, an shirya mafita: 1 cokali na samfurin a cikin guga na ruwa. Kuna iya amfani da cikakken takin gargajiya. An shigar da shi a cikin adadin da aka ƙayyade a cikin umarnin.
Yiwuwar noman shuka a gida. Zai iya zama baranda mai glazed, loggia ko windowsill. Amma sai su kawo takin ma’adinai, wanda suke saya a shaguna na musamman.
