Mafi na kowa cututtuka na cucumbers –

Lokacin da ake shuka kayan lambu a cikin ƙasa buɗe, a cikin greenhouse ko a baranda, masu lambu suna fuskantar matsaloli daban-daban. Cututtuka na iya lalata duk tsirran da sauri ko lalata amfanin gona kafin girbi. Wadanne cututtuka ne suka fi kamuwa da cucumbers? Za mu yi nazari dalla-dalla da alamun bayyanar cututtuka da maganin cututtuka na sanannen al’ada.

Mafi na kowa cututtuka na cucumbers

Cututtukan naman gwari

Yawancin cututtukan cututtuka ana danganta su da cututtukan fungal na cucumbers.Pathogens sune fungi na fungi waɗanda ke bunƙasa duka a cikin ƙasa da sassan shuka, da kuma a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Cutar cututtuka na yaduwa cikin sauri ta wurin kuma tana shafar samfurori masu lafiya.

Lightarshen bala’i

Mafi na kowa fungal cuta shafi duk shuka shuka. Ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta suna da ƙarfi sosai kuma suna dagewa a cikin ƙasa na dogon lokaci. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar sun haɗa da kurakurai a hankali, canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi da matsanancin zafi. Tsawon kwanaki 14, cutar na iya lalata duk wani shuka a kan gadaje gaba ɗaya.

Da waɗanne alamu za ku iya gane cewa cucumbers sun kamu da rashin lafiya a ƙarshen zamani? Dark spots a kan ganye su ne mafi halayyar alama na naman gwari. A bayan farantin, wani farin Layer na mycelium yana da hankali, wanda aka cire shi da sauƙi daga saman. A cikin yanayin da ba a kula da shi ba, kamuwa da cuta ya wuce zuwa kore mai tushe da ganye, kuma ɓangaren sama yana murɗawa ya faɗi.

Farin fure

Cuta na kowa wanda zai iya lalata duk shuka. Cucumbers suna da rashin lafiya mai tsanani, don haka yana da wuya a warkewa bayan magani. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da sauƙin kamuwa da kurakuran kulawa, musamman idan ba su bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona ba kuma ba sa cire tarkacen shuka daga filin.

Siffofin halayen su ne farantin fari da tsatsa a kan ganye. Ƙananan wurare a hankali suna rufe farantin zuwa gefen, bayan haka ganye suna juya launin rawaya kuma suna bushewa. Idan ba ku fara yaki da cutar a cikin lokaci ba, amfanin gona ya daina tasowa kuma ya daina ba da ‘ya’ya. Cucumbers sun lalace, sun zama karami, naman ‘ya’yan itace ya zama mai ɗaci.

Peronosporosis

Wannan cuta na cucumbers ana kiransa mildew sau da yawa. Cutar fungal mai haɗari tana shafar tsire-tsire a duk matakan girma. Dalilin peronosporosis na iya zama duka zafi mai zafi da ban ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi. Manoma sun nuna cewa cutar ta fi bayyana a yankunan da ke da kauri da kuma lokacin da ba a mutunta ka’idojin juyawa amfanin gona. Tare da ci gaban cutar, ganye suna lanƙwasa, bushewa kuma sun faɗi. Lokacin da aka girma a cikin greenhouse ko a lokacin rani mai laushi, saman suna lalacewa sosai. Idan ba a fara maganin cikin lokaci ba, al’adun za su mutu gaba ɗaya.

Bakar kafa

Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin tushen ta hanyar tsagewa ko ƙananan gashi, sannan kuma yana jira lokacinsa a cikin tarkace na shuka da gurɓataccen ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, peat, taki ko tsaba na ‘iyaye’ marasa lafiya sun zama tushen kamuwa da cuta. A cikin nau’ikan cikin gida, mai siyar da titi sau da yawa yana da ƙazantaccen tukunyar fure.

Alamar ƙafar baƙar fata alama ce ta takurawa mai duhu akan kara. Samfuran marasa lafiya ya juya launin kore mai duhu, ƙananan sashe a tushen ya zama jika, a hankali, tsire-tsire suna yin rawaya, bushe da bushe, kuma cutar ta wuce zuwa makwabta. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi zuwa 12 ° C, ban ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi ko canjin yanayi kwatsam yana haifar da naman gwari.

Kara lalacewa

Cututtukan amfanin gona na shafar amfanin gona

Cucumber cuta yana shafar amfanin gona, don haka kuna buƙatar bincika seedlings da tsire-tsire masu girma a hankali, hanya ɗaya tilo mai yiwuwa ne don kare al’adun daga wilting. Ascochitosis yana cutar da shrubs masu rauni ne kawai kuma yana bayyana kamar zagaye, aibobi masu launin kore-launin ruwan kasa. Naman gwari yana shafar ba kawai manyan sassa ba, har ma da ‘ya’yan itatuwa (suna rot, duhu).

Wakilin da ke haifar da cutar ba ya rayuwa a cikin buɗe ƙasa, watsawa yana faruwa ta hanyar tsaba. Ana kunna cutar ta ƙara yawan zafi da canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi. Ascochitosis ya dade yana yiwuwa a kan ganuwar greenhouse da tarkace shuka.

Copper

Anthracnose cuta ce ta kowa. Tare da ci gaba mataki na cutar kokwamba, ganye, mai tushe da ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna shafar. Na farko, rawaya spots bayyana a kan faranti, wanda daga baya juya launin ruwan kasa da bushe daga ciki. Ba da da ewa, nama crumbles, forming m ulcers. Zelentsy ya lalace, yana da ɗaci kuma yana ruɓe yayin jigilar kaya.

Cutar tana ci gaba tare da karuwar zafi da zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 23 ° C zuwa 27 ° C. Yaduwar naman gwari yana sauƙaƙe ta hanyar cizon kwari da kayan aikin da suka kamu da cutar. Matsakaicin lalacewar anthracnose yana faruwa a cikin greenhouses.

Kwayoyin cuta

Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan rukuni na cututtuka sune kwayoyin cuta. Bisa ga bayanin, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna shiga cikin shuka ta wuraren da suka lalace sannan su yada ta cikin tasoshin. Ana iya ɗaukar su cikin sauƙi daga wannan kokwamba zuwa wani tare da kayan aiki masu cutar ko cizon kwari.

Marchitez kwayoyin cuta

Cutar da ke da haɗari tana shafar sassan ƙasa na shuka. Ganyen da ke da ƙwayar cuta ya zama tabo, ya rasa turgor, kuma ya bushe, yayin da kara ya kasance kore. Gama yana taruwa a cikin gangar jikin, yana yada cutar ta cikin tasoshin, yana haifar da mutuwa da mutuwa.

Idan alamun cutar kokwamba sun bayyana, ƙwayoyin cuta (ƙwaƙwalwar kokwamba) sun taru a kan shafin. Ta hanyar cizon kwari, ƙwayoyin cuta suna yaduwa cikin sauri ta cikin tsire-tsire. Cutar ba ta dawwama a cikin tsaba, ƙasa, da tarkacen shuka.

Kwayar cuta

Cutar tana shafar duk sassan iska na kokwamba. An rufe foliage da launin ruwan kasa mai kusurwa, bayan haka farantin ya mutu. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun lalace kuma kayan iri suna ruɓe da sauri.

Ana kunna bacteriosis a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi kuma a cikin kewayon zafin jiki daga 19 ° C zuwa 24 ° C. Mafi sau da yawa, rashin lafiya yana faruwa a cikin greenhouses da lokacin fesa, lokacin da ƙananan ɗigon ruwa suka taru akan ciyayi. A cikin ƙasa, ƙwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa kuma tsaba sune tushen rarraba.

Jika rot

Cuta mai haɗari wanda zai iya lalata fiye da 39% na amfanin gona. A farkon matakan, alamun kusan ba a iya gani, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa manoma sukan yi watsi da fara cutar. Tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa suna tsinke, suna zubar da ganye, kuma ana lura da ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan. Ana yin harbe-harbe da yawa, amma ‘ya’yan itatuwan da wuya su haɓaka ko suna da siffa mara kyau.

Dumi, iska mai laushi yanayi ne mai kyau don yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta. Cutar ta yadu da sauri ta cikin tasoshin, bayan haka akwai alamun duhu – necrosis a saman. Idan ba ku fara magani don cutar kokwamba ba ko gina ingantaccen tsaro da ƙwayoyin cuta, liana wilts kuma ya mutu.

Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri

Waɗannan cututtuka sun fi haɗari idan aka kwatanta da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta Cucumbers suna shafar duka ta hanyar inji da kuma ta hanyar canja wuri ko lokacin dasawa daga wasu amfanin gona. Don gano abin da ke haifar da cutar, ana buƙatar jerin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Mosaic

Cutar na iya lalata duk amfanin gona

A cikin yanayin greenhouse, cututtukan cututtuka na irin wannan nau’in suna haɓaka sau da yawa. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa duka ta hanyar ƙasa da kayan ƙazanta. Cutar tana jin dadi a cikin ƙasa a yanayin zafi mara kyau, kuma ana iya jurewa da sauƙi daga kwari.Akwai nau’ikan cutar cucumber iri 2 masu haɗari.

1. Fari. Mosaic mafi mahimmanci, yana lalata amfanin gona da sauri. Yana tasowa sosai a cikin zafi sama da 25 ° C ko canjin yanayin zafi. Alamun halayen cutar suna bayyana a cikin nau’i na launin rawaya da fari a kan foliage.
2. Turanci. Alamun bayyanannun tare da jijiyoyi suna tare da wrinkles a cikin plaques. Da yawan mosaic yana kama shukar da ba ta da kariya, yawancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna lalacewa, suna samun launi mai haske.

Wani lokaci tsaba na amfanin gona na iya kamuwa da cutar. Sau da yawa, irin waɗannan albarkatun ƙasa ba su dace da amfani ba. Mosaic pathogen ba shi da kariya ga sinadarai don haka ba ya amsa maganin fungicidal kafin dasa. Don kare kanka, yana da kyau a zabi nau’in juriya daga masana’antun dogara.

Jaundice

Canjin launin foliage alama ce ta kowa ta cututtuka da yawa. Daga cikin cututtukan cututtuka na cucumbers, ya kamata a lura da jaundice. Saboda asarar chlorophyll, sassan na sama suna da kodadde sosai, sun zama masu taurin kai da gaggautsa.

Yayin da manomi bai kula da alamun ba, yawancin shuka ya lalace. Al’ada ta daina tasowa, harbe-harbe sun lalace. Kwayar cutar gaba daya tana shafar tsarin jijiyoyin kokwamba.

Tratamiento

Dole ne a fara yaki da cutar nan take. Cucumbers cututtuka sun wuce da sauri da sauri, don haka novice manoma sau da yawa rasa lokaci mai daraja.Saboda raunana ko shuke-shuke da aka rasa, yawan amfanin ƙasa yana raguwa sosai.

Namomin kaza

Ko da mafi yawan ƙwayoyin cuta suna mutuwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar jan karfe, saboda haka ana bada shawara don fesa shukar da aka shafa tare da shirye-shiryen HOM. Ya isa ya tsoma 20 g na foda a cikin lita 5 na ruwa, sa’an nan kuma fesa bushes tare da bindiga mai feshi. Af, mafita ya isa don aiwatar da wani yanki na murabba’in mita 50. m.

Don magance mildew powdery, ascoquitosis, ko anthracnose, yana da kyau a fesa cucumbers tare da sulfur colloidal. Ana aiwatar da matakai a cikin yanayin girgije, suna ƙoƙarin jiƙa foliage daga kowane bangare. Wani nau’i mai laushi na cutar ana bi da shi tare da magunguna na gida. Misali, maganin soda burodi na sabulu na iya fesa tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a mako har sai alamun peronosporosis ko baƙar fata bace.

Mix lita 1 na madara mai tsami tare da lita 1 na ruwan dumi. Tace maganin kuma fesa su da tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a mako.

Bacterias

Kwayoyin cuta suna da wuya a halaka, don haka duk ayyukan suna farawa bayan bayyanar cututtuka. Ana yin yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta a lokacin lokacin jiƙa da tsaba. A farkon matakai na rigakafin bacteriosis da rigar rot, fesa tare da maganin 1% na ruwa na Bordeaux yana taimakawa.

Microorganisms ba sa son shirye-shirye dauke da jan karfe. Daga kowace cuta na cucumbers, ana yin hanyoyi guda biyu ta amfani da ma’anar ‘HOM’ ko ‘Kuproksat’. Tsakanin sprays, ana kiyaye tazara na kwanaki 10, bayan haka ana maimaita ayyukan.Hanyoyin jama’a suna da wahalar magancewa da yaƙi da cututtuka, don haka kada kuyi gwaji.

virus

Idan cucumbers ba su da lafiya tare da mosaic ko jaundice, cutar ta riga ta wuce matakin farko. A cikin rashin kula da jihar, ba ƙasa ko greenhouse cucumbers iya jimre wa cututtuka. A farkon matakan, lokacin da launin rawaya bai riga ya canza launin foliage ba, ana kula da maganin azurfa colloidal. Magungunan yana da kaddarorin antiviral masu ƙarfi, don haka akwai damar dawowa.

Ana adana cutar a cikin iri. Ya kamata a tattara albarkatun ƙasa tare da phytosporin daga kowace cuta na cucumbers kafin dasa shuki, barin sa’o’i da yawa. Ana amfani da ruwa na Bordeaux don magance ƙasa da saman greenhouse.

Binciken

Don kare tsire-tsire daga cututtuka da kuma bushe ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu ƙanshi, wajibi ne don kauce wa matsaloli a gaba. Rigakafin ya fi rahusa fiye da warkewar tushen kokwamba ko mosaic. Ana ba da manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa a cikin tebur:

Baya ga muhimman abubuwan da suka faru, kafin farkon aikin yanayi, ya kamata a cire ragowar tsire-tsire da aka bari daga girbi na bara, kar a manta game da ka’idodin jujjuyawar amfanin gona (duba a cikin magabata) kuma kada ku shuka kusa da makwabta maras so . Aikin noman cucumbers a cikin filin bude da kuma a cikin greenhouse yana buƙatar noman ƙasa na shekara-shekara tare da wakilai dauke da jan karfe a matsayin prophylaxis.

Tsayayyar tsaba

An kare cucumbers daga cututtuka tare da taimakon tsaba masu tsayayya. Ana ba da shawarar saya hybrids tare da halaye masu dacewa. Cututtuka na kokwamba irin su wilting ko tushen rot suna kewaye da gefen shuka tare da rigakafi mai ƙarfi.Mafi kyawun wakilan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau‘i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i-nau’i).

• Othello,
• Pasadena,
• Semcross,
• Ophix.

Idan kun san abokan gaba da gani, shuka kayan lambu a gida ba zai yi wahala ba. Kariya daga cucumbers daga cututtuka da rigakafi ta hanyoyi daban-daban zai kare su daga magani da gyarawa.