Ana shuka cucumbers na kasar Sin a cikin greenhouse ta amfani da seedlings.
Lokacin shuka ya dogara da nau’in sararin samaniya don noma. Alal misali, a cikin greenhouses masu zafi, ana iya shuka shuka a duk shekara, kuma a cikin talakawa tare da isowar lokacin bazara-rani.
Yawancin lokaci
A cikin noma, ƙasa tana da mahimmancin girbi a cikin fall.
Idan muka yi cakuda mai gina jiki don cucumbers, to a duk lokacin girma ba za su buƙaci ƙarin hadi ba.
Cakuda ƙasa (10kg):
- turf – 3 kg,
- barkono – 3 kg,
- humus – 5 kg,
- itace ash – 250 g,
- superfosfato – 40 g,
- potassium magnesium – 15 g;
- urea – 10 g
Don wannan abun da ke ciki na ƙasa, sawdust Ana bada shawara don jiƙa, don makonni 2, tare da bayani na ruwa (10 l) da ammonium nitrate (20 g).
Tsaba
Ana fara shuka shuka a farkon bazara. Ana amfani da tankuna don seedlings daban, tare da diamita na 10 cm, wanda aka cika da ƙasa da aka shirya. Kafin dasa shuki, ana kula da tsaba: an jiƙa a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate a cikin wani bayani, fesa tare da haɓakar haɓaka. Na gaba, shuka guda 2. a cikin ƙasa mai laushi zuwa zurfin kusan 1 – 1.5 cm, rufe da fim. Zazzabi don saurin fitowar seedlings yakamata yayi daidai da 25-30 ° C.
Bayan bayyanar farkon harbe-harbe, an cire fim din. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don samuwar seedlings shine 22-25 ° C. Ana shayar da ruwa yayin da ƙasa ta bushe, sau da yawa yafa masa. Bayan bayyanar ganye na uku, tsire-tsire suna yin bakin ciki: sun bar seedling, ƙananan da raunana an cire su.
Dasa shuki
Ana dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa mai sanyi a cikin kwanaki 15-30 bayan bayyanar ganye na tara. Nisa tsakanin seedlings lokacin dasawa shine 20 cm.
Umarnin don dasa shuki seedlings:
- Kwana daya kafin dasa shuki, kwantena tare da cucumbers ana shayar da su sosai.
- Rijiyoyin da aka shirya suna cike da bayani mai dumi na potassium permanganate,
- Da zarar an shayar da potassium permanganate a cikin ƙasa, ya kamata a shayar da ruwa mai gudu.
- Seedlings tare da dunƙule na ƙasa ana motsa su a hankali cikin ramuka.
- Tushen wuyan shuka ya kamata ya zama matakin 1 sama da matakin ƙasa, 5 – 2 cm.
A lokacin dasawa, an kafa tallafi mai ƙarfi da dorewa don harbe. Irin waɗannan cucumbers suna da tsayin tsayi har zuwa 3 – 3.5 m. Domin ‘ya’yan itatuwa suyi girma da kyau har ma, dole ne su rataye. Yayin da mai tushe ke girma, ana ɗaure su cikin tsari tare da abin dogara. Dole ne a kawar da matakai biyar na farko na gefe da suka fito daga tushen.
Watse
Ya kamata a fesa ganye a kullum
Ana shayar da cucumbers sau biyu a mako tare da dumi, ruwa mai tsabta. Ganyen suna buƙatar fesa kullun (ruwa mai dumi). A lokacin ‘ya’yan itace, yawan shayarwa yana ƙaruwa – ƙasa ya kamata ya zama m. Yin amfani da ruwa don 1 matasa shuka shine 0,5 l, don shuka mai girma – 1 – 1,5 l.
Ana ba da shawarar noman ƙasa na yau da kullun da girbi ciyawa. Don kiyaye danshi mafi girma, an rufe ƙasa da sawdust, bambaro ko nettle. Nettle a cikin wannan yanayin kuma zai zama taki, yana da babban abun ciki na nitrogen.
Girbi
Farkon amfanin gona yana girma a cikin kwanaki 15-25 bayan dasawa. Ana yin girbi cucumbers sau 1 a cikin kwanaki 3. Ɗaukar ‘ya’yan itace na yau da kullum yana ƙarfafa samuwar sababbin ovaries.
Akwai ra’ayi cewa idan an yanke rabi daga kokwamba na kasar Sin, to wannan bangare zai sake girma. Irin wannan hukunci gaskiya ne kawai 50%, tun da shuka ya ci gaba da girma a hankali, kuma wurin da aka yanke ya bushe, yana raguwa kadan.
Cucumbers na kasar Sin na iya na dogon lokaci, bayan cikakken ripening, yana kan tushe. Kada ka perespeyut: ba za su juya rawaya, ba za su juya m. Amma kawai bayan girbi, kayan lambu ba a adana su na dogon lokaci, bayan kwana ɗaya, sun zama taushi da wrinkled. Fresh amfani, amfani da pickling, canning bada shawarar (don wannan za su bukatar a yanka a kananan sassa).
Abincin
Dangane da yanayin waje na cucumbers na kasar Sin, zaku iya tantance wane kayan lambu suke buƙatar sutura da lokacin da yakamata a aiwatar dasu:
- ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun zama ƙanana – rashi potassium,
- tsawo da bakin ciki – rashin boron,
- Twisted – rashin nitrogen;
- siffar pear: potassium kadan.
Tare da ƙarancin potassium, ya kamata a zubar da cucumbers tare da bayani na ruwa (10 l) da itacen ash (1 tablespoon). Ana fesa tsire-tsire masu tsayi da sirara tare da diluted boron (5 g) da ruwa (l10) Don cika da nitrogen: tsarma calcium nitrate (20 g) da ruwa (1 l), shafa a kan ganye. Wajibi ne don ciyar da kayan lambu tare da nitrogen a hankali, yawan wuce haddi zai iya lalata su. Ana gudanar da dukkan jiyya da daddare don guje wa ƙonewar sinadarai a kan kayan lambu.
Ana amfani da Mullein ko taki na doki azaman ƙarin taki. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da taki mai sabo ba kamar yadda yake ƙone tushen tsarin shuke-shuke. Bayan tushen miya, ana shayar da kayan lambu da yawa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Cucumbers na kasar Sin lokacin da ake girma a cikin greenhouse ba a cika samun cutar da kowace cuta ko kwari ba. A cikin mummunan yanayin girma, suna iya sha wahala daga mildew powdery, anthracnose, alternariosis, aphids.
Lokacin da powdery mildew ya bayyana a cikin cikin ganyayyaki, farar fata yana samuwa. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna lanƙwasa, suna dandana ganima.Don magani, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Topaz: 1 ampoule na fungicides ana diluted a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, ana fesa tsire-tsire sau 3, kowane kwanaki 14.
Alternariosis: crayons, convex brown spots wanda ya bazu cikin sauri a kan dukkan ganye. Ana fesa cucumbers sau 2 zuwa 3, kowane mako 2, tare da bayani: Ridomil Gold (50 g) da ruwa (10 L).
Anthracnose – wurare masu tawayar launin duhu suna bayyana akan mai tushe, launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari sun lalace. Ana bi da shi tare da Oxychid fungicide: 20 g na miyagun ƙwayoyi da 10 l na ruwa, maimaita kamar yadda ya cancanta.
Aphids ƙananan kwari ne baƙi ko haske waɗanda ke lalata shuka. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ba sa samuwa. A cikin yaki da kwari, ana amfani da Fitoverm: 5 ml na maganin kwari da lita 1 na ruwa.
ƙarshe
Cucumbers na kasar Sin suna son yanayi mai kyau, feshi na tsari, da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Girma a cikin greenhouses yana da fa’idodi da yawa: yawan amfanin ƙasa, farkon balaga, ikon girma a kowane lokaci na shekara. Haihuwar daji ya kai kilogiram 40, don haka tsire-tsire 3-4 zasu isa don amfanin gida. Kusan dukkan nau’ikan cucumbers suna pollinated da kansu.
