Girma dankali a cikin bude ƙasa yana buƙatar hanyar da ta dace. Mutane da yawa za su ce wannan duk bata lokaci ne. Amma, tare da kulawa mai kyau, hadi na yau da kullum, daidaitaccen zaɓi na hanyar dasa shuki da lokaci, yawan amfanin gona ya ninka.
Dokokin girma dankali a cikin bude ƙasa
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Don Tsarin ƙasa na nau’ikan dankali da yawa ba shi da mahimmanci, amma mafi kyawun duka, amfanin gona yana girma a cikin yumbu da ƙasa yumbu. Duk wata ƙasa dole ne a kula da ita musamman kafin dasa dankali. Suna fara shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka, bayan girbi dukan amfanin gona.
Ba a ba da shawarar shuka dankali a wuri ɗaya na shekaru da yawa a jere ba. Idan ba zai yiwu a canza ƙasa don shuka ba, to yakamata ku dasa tsire-tsire na siderata a ciki, waɗannan sun haɗa da:
- radishes,
- lilin,
- hunturu,
- cucumbers,
- legumes,
- shekara-shekara da kuma perennial ciyawa.
A cikin kaka, ana yin noma mai zurfi. Ana shuka ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30 cm. Ana kara takin gargajiya a lokaci guda. Maimakon kwayoyin halitta, ana iya amfani da saltpeter ko superphosphates. A cikin wuraren da ke da ƙarancin ruwa na ƙasa, ya kamata a tsara tsarin magudanar ruwa.
Zaɓi da shirye-shiryen tsaba
Tsaba da tubers na iya yada dankali. Hanya ta farko tana da wahalar aiwatarwa, tana buƙatar zurfin ilimi, kuma galibi ana amfani da ita wajen gwaje-gwajen kiwo. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da hanyar yaduwa ta tubers ko sassan su, idan dankali ya yi girma sosai. Da kyau, girman iri bai kamata ya wuce girman kwai kaji ba.
Ya kamata a zaɓi dankali don iri a lokacin girbi. A wannan lokacin, suna fara horo na farko. Ana sanya tubers don tsaba daban kuma a ajiye su na kwanaki da yawa a wuri mai haske don su zama kore. Wannan yana ba da damar adana dankali daga rodents. Koren dankali kuma yana adana mafi kyau.
Tuni a tsakiyar lokacin hunturu harbe na farko na iya bayyana. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana cire su a hankali. Ba dole ba ne a zubar da sprouts. Daga gare su zaka iya samun kyakkyawan seedlings. Don yin wannan, an dasa su a cikin akwatunan katako, shayar da su kuma an rufe su da fim. Ana binne harbe a cikin ƙasa da 2/3.
Yana da al’ada don shuka dankali daga tsakiyar Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar watan Mayu. Kwanakin sauka za su dogara da yanayin yanayi a yankin. Wata daya kafin dasa shuki, yakamata a cire dankali daga cikin cellar kuma a jerawa, a jefar da shi, a zubar da ɓatattun tubers. Mafi sau da yawa, dankali yana tsiro kafin dasa shuki. Ya kamata a dasa dankali a cikin ƙasa mai dumi.
Yanayin zafin ƙasa ya kamata ya zama 4 zuwa 10 ℃. Kwanaki 21 kafin dasa shuki, ana sanya dankali a wuri mai dumi. A wannan lokacin, harbe suna tasowa. Bayan makonni 3, tubers wanda harbe ba ya nan ko kuma suna da tsarin filamentous an ƙi. Duk tsaba dole ne su sha hanyar disinfection. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da maganin manganese ko maganin kwari.
Hanyoyin noma
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don girma
Akwai nau’ikan noman dankalin turawa da yawa a cikin fili:
- taushi – ƙarƙashin shebur, daidaitaccen hanyar duniya da ake amfani da shi akan kowane nau’in ƙasa,
- tudu – ana amfani da shi akan ƙasa mai nauyi, ainihin shine ƙirƙirar shinge a cikin layuka 15 cm tsayi,
- mahara – dacewa da haske yashi kasa,
- nestand rtnye nau’ikan saukowa – ana amfani dashi a cikin ƙananan yankuna ko a wuraren da ke da mummunan yanayi
Ga duk ma’auni mai dacewa hanya -. Ana sauka daga kudu zuwa arewa, kada ku yi sakaci da wannan ka’ida. Dankali yana son wurare masu haske, kuma tare da wannan hanyar dasa shuki, shuka yana haskakawa a ko’ina daga kowane bangare. Abubuwan da ake samu suna raguwa sosai a cikin inuwa, kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cuta tare da ƙarshen blight da sauran cututtukan fungal yana ƙaruwa. Ya kamata a lura cewa zurfin shuka a cikin ƙasa daban-daban zai bambanta. A kan haske, ƙasa maras kyau, zurfin saukowa shine 10-12 cm, akan wuya – 5 cm. Daidaitaccen hanyar dasa shuki a ƙarƙashin shebur ya dace da kowane nau’in ƙasa kuma shine mafi sauƙin aiwatarwa.
Nisa tsakanin ramukan ya dogara da manufar girma dankalin turawa. Don samun ƙananan tubers don tsaba, an rage nisa tsakanin ramuka zuwa 20-30 cm. Don samun dankali mai girma, an ƙara shi zuwa 40-50 cm. Tsakanin layuka suna barin sarari na 70 cm.
Dole ne ƙasa ta kasance da ɗanɗano, an sassauta sosai, ana ba da shawarar sanya cokali guda na ash na itace ko takin potassium a kowace rijiya. Potassium ce ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa shuka a farkon matakan girma. Dankali ya kamata a danna shi da sauƙi a cikin ƙasa, sanyawa don kada ya lalata harbe lokacin da suka yi barci a ƙasa.
An rufe rijiyoyin da ƙasa kuma suna rufe saman. Shayarwa bayan dasawa zaɓi ne, har yanzu akwai isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa. Sa’an nan kuma jira farkon harbe ya bayyana.
Kulawar da ta dace
Kulawa shine muhimmin mataki na cimma sakamakon girbin da ake so. Noman dankali a cikin bude ƙasa ya haɗa da matakan kulawa da yawa:
- ban ruwa,
- sassauta ƙasa,
- hilling,
- hadi,
- maganin kwari don dalilai na rigakafi.
Moisturizer
Dankali shuka ne mai jure fari
Kusan dukkanin nau’ikan dankali sune tsire-tsire masu jure fari. Ƙasa bai kamata ya zama rigar sosai ba, in ba haka ba haɗarin kamuwa da cuta na marigayi yana ƙaruwa. Standard watering ana aiwatar da sau uku a ko’ina cikin kakar, amma a cikin wani m yanayi da aka za’ayi sau da yawa.
A karo na farko, ana yin shayarwa bayan bayyanar farkon harbe, kafin hawan. Sa’an nan kuma ana gudanar da shayarwa a lokacin lokacin budding da lokacin flowering. A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, lokacin da ƙasa ta cika da ciyawa, yawancin iri ba sa buƙatar ban ruwa kwata-kwata. Suna da isasshen ruwan sama don ingantaccen girma da haɓaka.
Sake ƙasa
A karon farko, ƙasa tsakanin layuka tana kwance a lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana. Mafi kyawun zurfin namo shine 10 cm. A cikin ƙasa mai jika sosai, zurfin yana ƙaruwa.
Noma akai-akai yana ba da damar wadatar da ƙasa da iskar oxygen da kawar da ciyawa, ana yin noman ne bayan kowace shayarwa da ruwan sama, don guje wa bayyanar ɓawon burodi a saman ƙasa, wanda ke hana iska shiga tushen tushen.
Hilling
Yawancin manoma, musamman ma masu farawa, suna jayayya cewa wannan hanya ba ta da ma’ana, amma ba haka ba ne. Ba a aiwatar da shi kawai a yanayin bushewa sosai saboda haɗarin bushewar tushen tsarin. A matsayinka na yau da kullun, ana yin hawan tudu sau uku daga lokacin bayyanar harbe 12 cm tsayi.
A karo na farko an yi shinge na 8 cm, a karo na biyu – 20 cm. Ana aiwatar da hanyar tare da sassautawa. A kan ƙasa mai haske, tudu yana da mahimmanci. Ana yin hawan tudu na farko don kare harbe-harbe daga yiwuwar sanyi.
Takin ciki
Don samun girbi mai kyau, dole ne a yi amfani da taki a kan lokaci. Da farko, ana amfani da takin mai magani a lokacin shuka. Sa’an nan kuma ana ciyar da tushen tsarin a lokacin budding da kuma bayan flowering.
Ana amfani da takin zamani a lokacin shayarwa ko bayan ruwan sama. A matsayin taki, zaku iya amfani da:
- ruwa mullein,
- superphosphates,
- gishiri,
- phosphorus mahadi.
Tare da karuwar acidity na ƙasa, ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da mahadi na potassium, da kuma mafita na droppings kaza. Manoman da dama na amfani da maganin taki da aka tanada a cikin kwai, bawon albasa da kayan miya iri-iri, hakan na taimakawa wajen saurin ci gaban tsirrai, da wadatar kasa da bitamin da ma’adanai.
Matakan kariya
Noman farkon balagagge iri a cikin filin bude baya buƙatar ƙarin magani tare da maganin kwari. Don samar da amfanin gona da kulawa mai kyau, ya isa a kashe iri kafin shuka. Ana aiwatar da girbi na farkon nau’in kafin lokacin cutar fungal ‘annobar’ ta fara.
Ya kamata a kula da nau’in matsakaici da marigayi balagagge tare da maganin kwari a ƙarshen Yuni. A tsakiyar watan Yuli, damina ta fara. A cikin ƙasa mai ɗumi, mai ɗanɗano, ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta suna fara haɓaka da sauri kuma haɗarin kamuwa da cuta na ƙarshen ya ƙaru. Tare da haɓaka danshi na ƙasa, don guje wa lalatawar tushe, ana bada shawara don tsunkule ƙananan ganye. Rot da fungi sun fara cutar da kasan ciyayi sannan su tafi tubers.
Don hana cututtuka da kai hari, ana amfani da magunguna masu zuwa: Fitosporin, Fitoverm, Aktara, Busido, Karbofos, da dai sauransu.
Bangare na karshe
Girma dankali a cikin bude ƙasa, a gaskiya, ba hanya mai sauƙi ba ne, yana buƙatar lura da yawancin nuances. Dasa mai kyau da zabar hanyar girma shine mabuɗin samun girbi mai kyau. Lokacin zabar hanyoyin noma da takin mai magani, yakamata a yi la’akari da ƙimar ingancin ƙasa.Mafi kyawun kulawar shuka yana ba da damar daidaita yanayin tare da wuce haddi ko rashin danshi, ma’adanai, bitamin.
Dankali yana girma mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai yashi. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da yanayin yanayin yankin ku. A cikin yankunan arewaci da tsakiya, ana bada shawara don shuka nau’in dankalin turawa na farko, a kudu ana iya dasa kowane iri-iri.
