A cikin mutane, blueberries an san su musamman saboda tsadar su.
da ikon inganta hangen nesa. Amma masana kimiyya don binciken su
nuna ainihin ƙimar blueberries kuma nuna hakan don kare kanka
wasu kaddarorin magani na Berry wani lokaci suna da daraja fiye da biyan kuɗi.
Amfani Properties na blueberries
Haɗin kai da adadin kuzari.
Fresh blueberries sun ƙunshi (da 100 g): .
kalori 57 kcal
Abun da ke cikin blueberries yana da babban abun ciki na bitamin C,
K, E (kusan 30%, 16% da 14% na abincin yau da kullun, bi da bi).
Dangane da abun ciki na ma’adinai, blueberries ba sa cikin masu rikodin rikodi.
amma a matsakaici, ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, magnesium,
potassium, phosphorus, da dai sauransu.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari kuma sun ƙunshi pectin.
abubuwa (har zuwa 0,6%), Organic
acid (har zuwa 2,7%), fiber
(1,5-2%), sukari (8-10% a lokacin girbi). Bugu da kari, a cikin noma
Dogayen blueberries na arewa suna da sukari kusan sau biyu,
fiye da yanayi. Kuma wannan nuna alama har yanzu za a iya ƙara muhimmanci,
idan kwanaki 4-6 “riƙe” ‘ya’yan itace a kan daji bayan tabo.
Har zuwa 100 MG na anthocyanins ana samun su a cikin gram 3500 na blueberries sabo
da leucoanthocyanins, har zuwa 200 MG na flavanols, kamar 270 MG na catechins,
300-340 MG na triterpene da 150-300 MG na chlorogenic acid.
Adadin abubuwa iri-iri waɗanda ke haifar da tasirin warkarwa.
blueberry, ya bambanta sosai dangane da nau’in (varietal)
na’urorin haɗi da hanyoyin noma. Misali, a cikin wani noma
blueberries ya juya ya zama, a matsakaici, kusan sau biyu ƙasa
Organic acid fiye da marsh berries. Lokacin kwatanta abun ciki
chlorogenic acid, flavonol, anthocyanin a cikin nau’ikan O’Neal, Bluecrop,
Bluejay, Brigitta ya shiga sosai
matakan anthocyanidin fiye da sauran iri. Amma a zahiri
An gano blueberries da aka noma suna da anthocyanidin kaɗan, amma
mai yawa flavonol da chlorogenic acid. .
Hakanan a cikin ma’anar phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanin da antioxidant.
aikin enzymatic na ɓangaren litattafan almara da fata na berries yana da mahimmanci
yana da matakin ci gaban ‘ya’yan itace. Lokacin kwatanta bayanai daga 5
matakan haɓaka tsayin blueberries (daga matakin ‘kore’ zuwa
“Blue”), an gano cewa yawancin polyphenol oxidase
(wani enzyme na tsarin oxidative) an samo shi a cikin koren berries,
catalase (enzymatic mai kara kuzari don rushewar hydrogen peroxide)
– a cikin ja, superoxide dismutase (wani antioxidant
enzyme) – a blue. Ko da yake, a gaba ɗaya, yawancin blueberries sun kasance,
mafi girman ayyukan enzymes antioxidant da ya nuna. .
Kayan magani
Idan muka yi la’akari da blueberries a matsayin mai muhimmanci bioologically aiki gaba daya
abubuwa, daban-daban na miyagun ƙwayoyi abubuwa za a iya annabta
Tasirin da ke tattare da shan ta:
- Phytoestrogens (hormones na shuka) a cikin blueberries suna kariya daga cututtuka
zuciya da jijiyoyin jini (saukar da ‘mummunan’ cholesterol, slows ci gaban da
atherosclerosis). - Kofi da chlorogenic
Acids suna da capillary, urinary da ƙarfafa choleretic.
aiki. - Folic da ellagic acid suna hana bayyanar neoplasms.
- Bioflavonoids
taimakawa wajen daidaita aikin thyroid da wasu
sauran endocrine gland. - Betain a cikin ‘ya’yan itacen blueberry yana da kaddarorin antiulcer.
Har ila yau, an san betaine a matsayin mai kara kuzari da kuma atherosclerotic.
da wani abu mai lipotropic wanda zai iya kawar da mai da gubobi
bazuwar kayayyakin. - Abubuwan pectin suna hana lalacewar kyallen jikin jiki.
karafa masu nauyi da abubuwan rediyoaktif. - Filayen kayan lambu suna haɓaka aikin ƙwayar narkewa.
Duk da babban yuwuwar Berry, akan kaddarorin magani na blueberries,
an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar bincike-binciken kimiya na tsara,
a yau ba a san da yawa ba, ko da yake ana yin aikin nazarinsa
kwararru daga ko’ina cikin duniya.
Akwai shaidar cewa saboda amfani da tsantsar ‘ya’yan itacen wasu
na wannan nau’in shuka, ana “gyara juriya na insulin.” Kwanan nan
wani binciken da aka buga akan kari na blueberry a cikin mice ya ruwaito
akan inganta haƙurin glucose.
Yiwuwa, ana iya amfani da waɗannan kaddarorin na blueberries.
alal misali, wajen maganin ciwon sukari a cikin mutane, amma yawancin tasirin ya kasance
rubuce a cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. Gaskiya ne kafafen yada labarai sun bayyana
Rahoton da ke Cibiyar Nazarin Abinci ta Dan Adam a Beltsville
(Maryland) karkashin USDA asibitin
Nazarin sun gwada tasirin blueberry foda akan hankali.
marasa lafiya da insulin. Sai dai har yanzu ba a kai rahoton sakamakon ba.
Koyaya, an riga an tabbatar da wasu kaddarorin magani na blueberries.
kuma a cikin karatun ɗan adam. Alal misali, da yawa daga yara
“Daga tsofaffi” blueberries an san cewa suna da tasiri mai amfani akan gani
aiki. Kuma ko da yake shahararrun ra’ayoyin sau da yawa suna tatsuniyoyi
samfurin, yana danganta kaddarorin da ba a tabbatar da su ba, wannan lokacin
Shaidar kimiyya, a gaba ɗaya, ta tabbatar da hoton da aka kafa.
Don haka, masana kimiyya na kasar Sin sun gano cewa shan kayan da ake amfani da su a cikin allunan
blueberries na iya rage rashin jin daɗi na gani da sauƙi
daga saurin gajiyawar ido da ke faruwa yayin aiki
a cikin kwamfuta. Hakanan nazarin tasirin blueberries akan aikin gani.
An tsare mutum daya a Amurka, New Zealand, Italiya, Spain,
Faransa da sauran kasashe.
A Japan, alal misali, masana kimiyya sun raba mutane 26 zuwa rukuni 2.
daya daga cikinsu ya karbi 125 MG na cire cranberry kowace rana, a cikin
na kwanaki 28. Duk cikin gwajin, yawan amfani
walƙiya na haske a cikin batutuwa, an duba yawan abin da ya faru na gajiya
idanu da matakin nakasar gani. Sai ya zama cewa wakilan
kungiyar da ta karbi kariyar berry ta gaji a hankali,
kuma tabarbarewar ganinsa ba a bayyana ba. Sakamakon Jafananci iri ɗaya
masana kimiyya sun samu lokacin da suka yi musayar wakilan kungiyoyin da
ya sake maimaita gwajin. Ba mamaki yanzu
Ya zama sanannen al’ada ga Japanawa don kare idanunsu daga radiation.
saka idanu ta hanyar rigakafin yin amfani da ruwan cranberry
ko kayayyakin bitamin da ke dauke da sinadarin blueberry.
Sauran masana kimiyya (ko da yake kuma kawai a cikin gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje) sun samo
cewa ɓangarorin blueberry masu wadatar polyphenol suna rage lalacewa
retina da ke haifar da hasken shuɗi a cikin gwaje-gwajen tantanin halitta
al’adu da beraye. A cewar masana kimiyya, irin waɗannan ɓangarori na polyphenolic
a nan gaba zai iya zama wakili na warkewa a cikin yaki da
Macular degeneration hade da shekaru. .
Har ila yau, a nan gaba, blueberries na iya taimakawa wajen magancewa
cututtuka na oncological. Masana kimiyya na kasar Sin sun gano cewa tsantsa
cranberry yana rage kuzari kuma yana rinjayar cyclical
ci gaba da haɓakar membranes na sel Hep-G2 (sel
Layin ciwon hanta na mutum), Caco-2 (cell
layin adenocarcinoma launi na mutum) da 3T3-L1 (marasa cutarwa
Kwayoyin linzamin kwamfuta).
Wani rukuni na masu bincike sun kammala da kansu
anthocyanins da aka cire daga blueberries na iya nuna alkawari
kayan aikin warkewa don danne ciwon daji na launin ɗan adam
(an yi rikodin ayyukan anti-mai kumburi a cikin gwaje-gwaje
a cikin kwayoyin cutar kansa na hanji da dubura).… Kuma,
riga a cikin gwaje-gwajen dabba, blueberries sun hana ci gaba
Ciwon daji na esophageal, ciwon nono da ke haifar da estrogen, da
hana lalacewar DNA.
Ko da yake shaidun fa’idodin anticancer na blueberries sun kasance iyakance,
Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Amurka ta kara da berry a jerin ta
samfurori don yaki da ciwon daji.
Abubuwan da ake samu na blueberry suna da yuwuwar samarwa
m da warkewa mataki da kuma a kan ulcers
colitis,
daidaita hanyoyin oxidative da kuma murkushe maganganun masu shiga tsakani
kumburi (an sami waɗannan tasirin a cikin gwaje-gwaje tare da mice).
.
Akwai shaida cewa blueberries suna da kyau ga tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini
tsarin Don haka, a cikin binciken daya, cin abinci
rabin shekara na dried cranberry mix, daidai da 150 grams na berries
a kowace rana, an ba da raguwar kashi 12-15 cikin XNUMX na haɗarin cututtukan zuciya
pathologies a cikin mutanen da ke fama da ciwo na rayuwa, ingantaccen aiki
endothelium (Layer na sel akan saman ciki na jini) kuma ya ragu
ffarfin jijiya..
A cikin wani binciken asibiti na mako 8, mata 48 sun shiga
Matan postmenopausal a farkon matakan hauhawar jini sun sami tsantsa mai foda.
blueberries, kwatankwacin kofi daya na jajayen berries a rana. A sakamakon haka, marasa lafiya
matsa lamba na sama ya ragu da matsakaita na 5,1% da ƙananan matsa lamba da 6,3%
(idan aka kwatanta da rukunin placebo).
Blueberries kuma suna inganta aikin kwakwalwa. Daga
cranberry anthocyanins suna iya ketare shingen kwakwalwar jini,
zai iya rage rauni ga damuwa na oxidative da ke haifar da shi
tare da tsufa, yana rage kumburi kuma yana ƙara sigina
tsakanin neurons. A cewar Barbara Shukitt-Hale
daga Tufts HNRCA Laboratory of Neurology and Aging, “Ƙara girma
Nazarin preclinical da na asibiti sun gano ƙwayoyin cuta
amfanin da ke tattare da amfani da berries; ban da nasa
yanzu sanannun tasirin antioxidant, abubuwan abinci mai gina jiki
tare da berries suna da tasiri kai tsaye akan kwakwalwa.
A wani babban binciken da aka gudanar tare da halartar dubu 16
matan da suka haura 70, sun yi tayin cin rabin kofi na blueberries
ko strawberries sau 1-2 a mako. A cewar masana kimiyya, ya ragu
yawan tsufa na kwakwalwa a cikin kimanin shekaru 1,5-2.
A cikin gwajin dabba, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa ƙarawa
blueberries a cikin abinci inganta ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar ɗan gajeren lokaci, kewayawa
basira, daidaituwa (ma’auni) da daidaitawa. Ana zaton cewa
abubuwa masu aiki a cikin blueberries tabbas “yi”
jijiyoyi masu hankali suna musayar bayanai cikin inganci. .
Ba wai kawai berries ba, har ma da sauran sassan suna da kayan warkarwa.
tsire-tsire. Misali, an nuna tasirin immunomodulatory bayyananne.
flavonoids daga blueberry ganye. Ethanol ruwan ‘ya’yan itace
Mahimmanci rage ƙwayar cutar necrosis factor a cikin tantanin halitta.
abu, normalize (rage magana) ka’idojin factor,
kula da sake zagayowar tantanin halitta, apoptosis da maganganun kwayoyin halitta na tsarin rigakafi
amsa. Wato yana yiwuwa flavonoids da aka samu daga ganyen shuka
hana kumburi, da ciwon daji, da autoimmune cututtuka. .
Amfani a magani
A cikin sarƙoƙin kantin magani, shirye-shiryen blueberry sun yi rajista azaman
magungunan ba na siyarwa bane, amma kuna iya samun su a can
Kari daga masana’antun daban-daban, wanda ya ƙunshi tsantsa
blueberries A matsayinka na gabaɗaya, waɗannan tsantsa suna cikin rukunin magungunan da ke haɓakawa
yanayin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. Amma ko a cikin wannan masana’antar,
yana watsar da badakala da wahayi.
A cikin 2016, an buga gargadi a cikin kafofin watsa labarai .
a kan aiki na cranberry tsantsa makircin yaudara
don maganin ciwon sukari
ciwon sukari. Don lallashi, marubutan makircin sun ƙirƙiri ƙarya
shafin yanar gizon Ma’aikatar Lafiya, wanda a kan shafukansa wani kari na abinci mai suna
“Golubitox”. (Al’adar ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan wuraren saukarwa gabaɗaya
yaduwa a cikin kasuwancin Intanet).
Gaskiyar rashin adalcin sayar da kayan abinci na abinci ba yana nufin haka ba
miyagun ƙwayoyi na bogi ne ko kuma ba shi da amfani. Amma irin wannan tsari mai ban mamaki
Yadawa da yawa na iya lalata amincin
masu amfani ga samfurin. Duk da haka, hakan bai faru ba. Da miyagun ƙwayoyi “Golubitox”
kuma a yau an bayar da shi a saman don buƙatar «cranberry tsantsa» da duk
shahararrun injunan bincike.
«Golubitox» ana sayar da shi a cikin nau’i na ‘ya’yan itace mai yawa saukad da, buds
da ganyen blueberry kuma bisa ga umarnin an yi niyya don hadaddun
maido da jiki. Daga cikin kaddarorin magani na maganin, a
da farko, wadanda aka samu a zahiri
bincike na likita da kimiyya: daidaita aikin gani,
inganta aikin kwakwalwa, gastrointestinal tract, zuciya, tsarin hawan jini,
mayar da jini da kuma rigakafin atherosclerotic lalacewa.
Har ila yau, a cikin tasirin warkewa, ana nuna al’ada.
barci, inganta yanayin fata, kusoshi da gashi, kawar da kwayoyin cuta
da ciwon yisti, rigakafin tabarbarewar jima’i, rashin haihuwa,
osteoporosis, da dai sauransu. Amma, tun da cikakken abun da ke ciki na miyagun ƙwayoyi ya haɗa da
da sauran abubuwan da ake amfani da su na ganye, wataƙila wani ɓangare na tasirin
dole ne a jingina su zuwa gare su.
A cikin magungunan jama’a
A cikin magungunan jama’a, ana kuma amfani da blueberries azaman magani
magance ciwon sukari da cututtukan zuciya, rage yawan
matsa lamba, maido da aikin gani. Tare da bitamin rashi ruwan ‘ya’yan itace
An sha blueberries a matsayin tonic da anti-scurvy. shayi
ana yin abin sha na ‘ya’yan itace da ganye don rage girma
zazzabi, hana kumburi tafiyar matakai, kawar da rediyoaktif
nucleidos.
Hakanan ana amfani da berries na daji azaman laxative mai laushi.
diuretic da choleretic wakili don kumburi na koda pelvis,
mucosa na babban hanji, ciki da ƙananan hanji, tare da dysentery
da kuma gastritis.
Decoctions da infusions.
Ka’idojin gabaɗaya don shirye-shiryen infusions na blueberry suna ba da shawarar
ta amfani da gram 20 na sabo ko busassun ‘ya’yan itace da gilashin ruwan zãfi
(250 ml), wanda aka jika a cikin ruwan zafi na awa daya.
Tare da mashako
kuma a yanayin zafi, ana shan wannan jiko tare da teaspoon na zuma sau biyu
80 ml kowace rana, tare da hauhawar jini – 50 ml sau uku a rana, tare da
colitis – 2 tbsp. l. kowane 3 hours.
Don shirya decoctions na ganye da harbe na shrubs, za ku buƙaci
50 grams na crushed albarkatun kasa da gilashin ruwa (250 ml), wanda
tafasa minti 30. Sha broth bayan damuwa
ga cututtukan zuciya, hawan jini, ciwon sukari, kumburi
gabobin da suke fitowa daga waje, cututtukan koda, anemia, maƙarƙashiya.
Maganin gargajiya daban-daban na iya samun zaɓin sashi,
amma mafi na kowa makirci domin shan decoctions na ganye
sassan daji – 1 tbsp. l. Sau 3 a rana. Idan akwai matsala tare da
Zuciya takan bada shawarar allurai 3 zuwa 6 a rana.
A cikin binciken kimiyya
Maganin tushen shaida ba zai iya amincewa da gogewar mutane a makance ba.
magani, don haka masana kimiyya a cikin gwaje-gwajensu sun dade suna dubawa
sani da kuma sabon magani Properties na blueberries. Misalan irin waɗannan karatun
idan wannan ya ci gaba:
Ciwon Bilberry yana da tasiri mai amfani
gajiyawar ido da rashin jin daɗin gani ya haifar
allon kwamfuta. .
An raba masu aikin sa kai 60 zuwa rukuni biyu: na makonni 4
mahalarta na farko sun sami 1000 MG / rana na cire cranberry a ciki
kwayoyi, mahalarta na biyu – placebo. Sakamakon gwaji
an tantance su ta amfani da takardar tambaya da maki 0
har zuwa 60. A cikin wata daya, batutuwa sun tantance matakin fushi
idanu, tashin hankali, bushewa, tsagewa, hazo, da sauransu.
da dai sauransu. duk lokacin da muka zauna a gaban kwamfutar. A karshen gwajin
maki ya nuna rashin jin daɗin gani a rukunin farko
ya ragu sosai fiye da kafin fara gwajin. Bambance-bambancen kima
yanayin mahalarta a cikin rukuni na biyu ba.
Cire Bilberry yana rage karfin tantanin halitta
Layin ciwon hanta na mutum (Hep-G2), colorectal
adenocarcinoma ɗan adam (Caco-2) da ƙwayoyin marasa lafiya
mice (3T3-L1), kuma yana rinjayar ci gaba na cyclic da permeability
Al’ada tantanin halitta. .
A cewar masana kimiyya, ruwan cranberry ya ƙunshi nau’ikan anthocyanins guda 3
(cyanidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-haloctazide).
Yana tare da tasirinsa cewa sakin LDH, alamar haɓakawa, yana haɗuwa.
cell membranes. An auna matakan LDH bayan awanni 24, 48 da 72.
bayan amfani da tsantsar cranberry. Sai ya juya daga cewa permeability
Caco-2 cell membranes ya karu da 21% bayan sa’o’i 48 da kuma 58%
– bayan sa’o’i 72 idan aka kwatanta da ma’auni bayan ranar farko.
Sakamakon ya ma fi kyau tare da al’adun kwayar halitta na Hep-G2: 66% da
139% bi da bi. Game da sel 3T3-L1, aikin su
Alamar LDH ba zato ba tsammani ga masana kimiyya sun ragu da 21% bayan sa’o’i 72.
bayan amfani da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace cranberry.
Yin amfani da tsantsa kuma yana rinjayar tsarin tantanin halitta. Laifi
a cikin daya daga cikin matakai na wannan sake zagayowar yana haifar da karuwa a matakin mutuwa
Kwayoyin daga dukkan al’adu uku.
Tsare-tsare na amfani da tsantsar bilberry
suna da hypoglycemic, rage yawan lipid, antidepressant-kamar
da kuma tasirin antioxidant a cikin tsarin cututtukan cututtukan rayuwa
a cikin dabbobi. .
A cikin wannan binciken, masana kimiyya sun yi nazari kan tasirin ‘ya’yan itacen cranberry.
Sanda mai siffa akan abubuwan da ke faruwa na rayuwa, halaye da sifofin oxidative
damuwa akan hippocampus da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa na berayen da suke ci
high-kalori abinci. An raba dabbobin zuwa kungiyoyi 4: a cikin farko
rukuni biyu na beraye sun ci abinci daidai gwargwado tsawon kwanaki 150
tare da kuma ba tare da cirewar cranberry ba, a cikin na uku da na hudu – babban adadin kuzari
abinci tare da maganin saline mai tsaka tsaki da ƙari.
Rukuni na 3 dabbobi (“abincin calorie mai girma + maganin saline”)
a karshen gwajin an kwatanta su da karuwa a cikin nauyin jiki, karuwa
ƙarar mai mai visceral, ƙara yawan triglycerides,
glucose, cholesterol, yana da juriya na insulin. Ƙara
Cire Cranberry a cikin rukuni na 4 ya hana karuwa a cikin waɗannan metabolites
sigogi. Bugu da ƙari, an nuna tsantsa don rage matakan
Abubuwan da ke amsawa tare da thiobarbituric acid a cikin cortex na cerebral.
kwakwalwa da hippocampus na dabbobi. Bambance-bambancen da aka bayyana a cikin motsi
dabbobi – a cikin rukuni n. 4, berayen sun fi aiki, idan aka kwatanta da
dabbobin group no 3.
Don rasa nauyi
A baya binciken ya nuna cewa blueberry ruwan ‘ya’yan itace
(akalla – sanda mai siffar blueberries)
iya neutralize visceral tara tara da kuma hana
karuwa a cikin nauyin jiki a cikin dabbobi akan abinci mai kalori mai yawa.
Babu wata shaida kai tsaye da ke nuna haka
(ko kuma berries a cikin abinci) zai shafi mutane. Amma a 2019
shekara, masu bincike na Birtaniya sun gudanar da wani gwaji wanda
tsawon watanni 6, an gabatar da kariyar blueberry a cikin abincin mutane
tare da ciwo na rayuwa, wanda akwai karuwa
ƙarar ƙwayar adipose a cikin kugu, da kuma cin zarafin fats da carbohydrates
musanya a cikin jiki. Kuma a kaikaice, sakamakon wadannan binciken ya tabbatar
tasirin blueberries akan metabolism na mutane masu kiba.
Mutane 115 da ke fama da ciwo na rayuwa tsakanin shekarun 55 da 70 da
Jiki taro index girma fiye da 30 kg / m2, samu a cikin uku kungiyoyin
75 grams na blueberries a rana, 150 grams ko placebo
(mafi daidai, an ba su busassun foda daidai da adadin da aka nuna).
Dangane da sakamakon gwajin, masana kimiyya sun kammala cewa, sabanin haka
na placebo har ma da kashi 75 na blueberries, ƙarin gram 150
kowace rana ya sami damar rage har zuwa 15%
wasu alamomi na rayuwa.
Wataƙila ka ɗan ruɗe da gaskiyar cewa an gudanar da binciken
tare da goyon bayan wata kungiya da ke sa ido kan yadda ake rabon
blueberries a Amurka (US Highbush Blueberry Council). Duk da haka,
na farko, marubutan binciken sun musanta duk wani tsangwama daga waje
a cikin aikinsu, kuma na biyu, irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen har yanzu suna da ƙarfafawa
wadanda suke so su rage kiba, musamman idan yana da wahala mutum ya shawo kan nasu
Halayen cin abinci da halin rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
A cikin dafa abinci
Ana cin blueberries sabo da bushewa ba tare da ƙarin sarrafawa ba.
kuma ana sarrafa berries masu lalacewa a cikin adanawa, jams, juices,
miya, kayan marmari,
ruwan inabi berry, kvass. A cikin girke-girke na dafuwa, blueberries suna cikin ɓangaren
yin burodi. A wasu yankuna na Amurka da Kanada, kek da biredi suna
wannan Berry ya zama ƙwararren gida.
Ana iya amfani da blueberries na kasar Sin a matsayin tasiri
na halitta mai kiyayewa wanda zai iya kashe aiki
salmonella,
Basumasari,
monocytogenic listeria da sauran pathogenic kwayoyin.
An ɗauka cewa abubuwan da ke cikin tsantsar ɗanyen cranberry,
suna yin lalata a bangon tantanin halitta na ƙwayar cuta.
Aƙalla ta wannan hanyar ƙwayar E. coli
O157: H7 yana kashe tsattsauran ruwan shuɗi na daji.
En cosmetology
A cikin kwaskwarima, ana amfani da blueberries a cikin nau’i na berries da aka nufa
don kare fata daga hasken ultraviolet, rage ja
da alamun tsufa, baya ga ciyar da fata da samar da antioxidants
goyon baya. Mafi kyawun maida hankali na cire cranberry a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Magungunan rigakafin tsufa kusan 2-3%. Kasa
Ana amfani da foda iri iri a wasu lokuta azaman wakili mai cirewa.
wakili a cikin bushes.
Ba kasafai ake amfani da berries na cranberry a kayan kwalliyar gida ba saboda
ana ɗaukar farashin irin waɗannan hanyoyin da wuce kima. Amma ganye
Daji shrubs a cikin decoctions da infusions har yanzu ana bukatar
haifar da tasirin tonic lokacin shan wanka.
Haɗari Properties na blueberries da contraindications.
An dauki blueberries a matsayin abinci maras lafiya. Duk da haka,
An shawarci mata masu shayarwa su gabatar da shi a hankali a cikin abinci don haka
kada ku haifar da allergies
A cikin yara. Wannan Berry kuma ba a bada shawarar don cin zarafi na al’ada.
zubar da bile (misali, tare da biliary dyskinesia),
lokacin shan magungunan anticoagulant (don kar a tsoma baki tare da su
aiki), lokacin da aka gano thrombosis.
Babban abun ciki na bitamin K a cikin blueberries, wanda ke taimakawa wajen karuwa
zubar jini, na iya kara tsananta lamarin.
Idan, lokacin cin blueberries daji “daga daji”, akwai mutum
canji a hankali, wanda ke tare da bayyanar cututtuka irin su
tare da alamun maye, yakamata ku rage yawan abincin da ake ci
berries ko canza wurin tarin. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan
tasirin zai iya faruwa saboda kusancin blueberries daji zuwa Rosemary daji
fadama, haifar da guba Rosemary muhimmanci mai
zai iya ƙarewa da gangan cikin blueberries mara lahani.
Mun tattara mahimman bayanai game da fa’idodi da yiwuwar haɗarin blueberries.
a cikin wannan misalin kuma za mu yi godiya sosai idan kun raba
hoto a shafukan sada zumunta, tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa shafinmu:
Zabi da ajiya
Lokacin siyan blueberries, zaɓi berries masu launi iri ɗaya.
(ba tare da ja “sandunan sanda ba”), ba tare da sakaci da ‘ya’yan itatuwa tare da farar fure ba,
tunda sutura ce ta halitta wacce ke kare fatar ‘ya’yan itacen.
Don adana kariyar Layer, blueberries ya kamata a wanke kai tsaye kawai
kafin cin abinci. Kwayoyin berries ba sa buƙatar wanke kwata-kwata idan mai ƙira
(mai sayarwa) amintattu ne.
Bayan girbi, blueberries, ba kamar sauran samfurori ba.
ya daina girma, don haka yana da mahimmanci cewa ana yin girbi a cikin yanayi mafi kyau
tazara (wannan wani dalili ne na amincewa da masana’anta). Eh daga baya
bar berries a daji har zuwa mako guda, to
a karkashin m yanayi yanayi, duka da taro da kuma yawan
sugars a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa. Amma idan blueberries an girbe marigayi, da yawa
yana raguwa kuma yana iya lalacewa yayin sufuri, don haka
Hakanan yana da kyau a kula lokacin zabar.
Kafin siyan, don tabbatar da babu mold ko gilashi.
kankara (idan ya zo daskararre berries), blueberries a cikin kwano
girgiza dan kadan: ‘ya’yan itatuwa kada su tsaya tare.
Ajiye sabbin berries a cikin akwati da aka rufe a cikin firiji. Yaushe
zafin jiki + 2 / + 4 ° C da zafi 80-95% blueberries na iya kwanta
ba tare da asarar har zuwa makonni 3 ba, kuma a zazzabi na 0 ° C – har zuwa wata daya da rabi,
ko da yake an yi imani da cewa ‘ya’yan itacen sun fi girma, mafi ƙanshi da dadi.
Adana na dogon lokaci ya haɗa da daskarewa berries. Mafi kyawun yanayi
Don wannan, zazzabi daga 0 zuwa -1 ° C da zafi a cikin kewayon 90-95%.
Bincike ya nuna cewa daskararre blueberries yana riƙe da girma
wani ɓangare na abun ciki na anthocyanin.
A cikin gida, ana girbe blueberries ta hanyar bushewa kayan da suka lalace.
a cikin wani Layer na berries a cikin rana. Wata rana bayan ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun bushe.
ana sanya su a cikin inuwa, a cikin daki mai kyaun iska ko ƙasa
zubar da bushewa, juyawa lokaci-lokaci don gujewa
lalata da mold. Wani lokaci berries suna bushe a cikin tanda ko bushewa tanda.
wardrobe.
A cikin samarwa, don tsawaita rayuwar rayuwar blueberries, suna amfani da su
yanayin iskar gas da aka gyara, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin hatimi
jakunkuna da daskarewa mai girgiza tare da rafi na iska mai sanyi (har zuwa -40 ° C).
Sa’an nan, lokacin da zafin ciki na Berry ya kai -20 ° C, berries
an canza shi zuwa injin daskarewa tare da zazzabi na kusan -18 ° C.
A wani ɓangare, shine ikon adana blueberries don amfanin gaba wanda ke kaiwa ga
gaskiyar cewa farashin blueberry, ko da a kakar wasa, ya karya duk bayanan. Rashin daidaito
Blueberries kuma ba sa bace, ana sarrafa su cikin jam da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace. TO
Bugu da ƙari, saka hannun jari a cikin abubuwan more rayuwa waɗanda ke ba da sanyaya, rarrabawa,
marufi, sarrafa ‘ya’yan itace, a halin yanzu, ƙara farashi
samfur. Duk da haka, wannan ba shine babban ko kawai dalilin da ya fi girma ba
farashin blueberry.
Me yasa blueberries suna da tsada sosai?
Farashin kasuwa na blueberries yana rinjayar sigogi da yawa, haɗuwa
wanda ya kai ga gaskiyar cewa buƙatar wannan Berry a tsarin ya wuce
addu’a. Waɗannan kaɗan ne kawai abubuwan da suka shafi farashin:
Ikon jigilar blueberries zuwa kasuwannin waje tare da ƙari
fa’ida.
Yanayin ‘geography’ na shan blueberry yana ci gaba da faɗaɗa, gami da
a kudin kasashen da ba su da nasu gonakin. Alal misali, Ukraine, wanda
tsawon shekaru da dama a jere, yankin yana girma a hankali da sauri
shuka blueberry (kwanan nan matsayi na biyu a cikin wannan siga
bayan Peru), fitar da berries a kan sikelin masana’antu da Turai,
kuma zuwa Asiya da Gabas ta Tsakiya. Amma ko da a kasashen da na gargajiya
manyan gonaki daga lokaci zuwa lokaci saboda yanayin yanayi
ko cuta, rashin girbi na faruwa, yana ƙaruwa damar gasa
don fitarwa. Kayayyakin halitta suna da ƙarfi musamman masu dogaro da ƙasashen waje.
berries, blueberries wanda ba kasafai ake sayar da su a kasar ta hanya mai tsada.
Halayen amfanin gona.
Blueberries suna da amfani sosai, amma a cikin dogon lokaci.
Wannan shrub yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo don samun cikakkiyar ‘ya’yan itace.
amma kuma yana samar da lokaci mai tsawo fiye da, misali, strawberries,
raspberries ko blackberries, wanda ya fara samun riba da sauri.
Duk da haka, ana kuma bayyana buƙatar saka hannun jarin da ba na riba ba na dogon lokaci.
akan farashin, ƙara darajar kayan.
Halayen tarin.
Blueberries ɗin da suka buga ɗakunan ajiya ba shakka ba berry daji bane,
wanda har yanzu akwai bukatar a same shi. An shirya gonakin zamani na musamman.
don dacewa da tarin injina. Misali,
a Amurka da Netherland, ƙwararrun ƙwararru da masu sarrafa kansu
ya haɗu don waɗannan dalilai. Amma girbi blueberries har yanzu yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo.
tsari. ‘Ya’yan itãcen wannan shuka ba su girma a lokaci guda, kuma a ciki
wani daji ya ƙunshi cikakke da kore berries. Don haka
Yawanci tarin farko biyu ko uku ana yin su da hannu kuma kawai na ƙarshe
– inji. Hakazalika, ‘ya’yan itatuwan da injina suka girbe sukan lalace.
kuma har yanzu dole a jera su a kara tsaftace su. ON
A sakamakon haka, matsalar banal na “rashin
hannu,” ana samun su akai-akai a cikin ƙasashe masu girma na Berry.
Iri da noma.
Kusan dukkanin cultivars na zamani, wanda akwai su a yau
kimanin ɗari biyu, – hybrids daga ketare nau’ikan Amurkawa daban-daban
blueberries Muna da mafi mashahuri rukuni na iri. cranberries
arewa high… Irin wannan shuke-shuke tsayayya karkashin
yanayin zafi zuwa kusan -30-35 ° C, da bambanci, misali, daga kudu
saman benecanza yanayin zafi zuwa -5 ° C;
da ma fiye – daga Ashe blueberries sanyi juriya
masu haƙuri 0 ° C).
Amma a nan za mu kawo misalan irin nau’in blueberry wato
suna da mafi girman abun ciki na anthocyanin a cikin berries:
- Samun O’Neal. Yana wakiltar rukuni na nau’in kudancin.
dogon blueberries, daga cikinsu ana la’akari da mafi ƙamshi
iri-iri (mai kamshi). O’Neal yana samar da babban shuɗi mai duhu da wuri
‘Ya’yan itace. A lokacin sanyi mai laushi, yana riƙe kyawawan ganyen kore-koren toka.
launuka, amma a lokacin sanyi ganye suna canza launi kafin zubar
zuwa ja mai haske. - Bluecrop Masana’antu benchmark galore
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari iri-iri da aka sani tun 1952. Dan kadan flattened
berries kai 17-20 mm a diamita. Cikakke zuwa shuɗi
tare da fure mai shuɗi mai haske. Ba sa fasa
kuma yana jure wa sufuri da adanawa da kyau. Bluecrop yana siffanta shi
dandano mai ɗanɗano mai haske, amma idan an girbe shi da wuri ko kuma
Yawan berries a daji na iya juya m. - Blue Jay. An haife iri-iri a Amurka, a cikin 1952.
kuma ya shiga samarwa a cikin 1977. Yana wakiltar guda ɗaya
haɗuwa da tsoffin nau’ikan (Pioneer, Grower, Stanley, Brooks) tare da gandun daji
yawan shuka. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, berries na iya isa
20mm a diamita kuma yana auna har zuwa gram 4. Shuɗin haske mai yawa sosai
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari tare da murfin kakin zuma mai haske suna da ɗanɗanar ruwan inabi mai daɗi tare da
m acidity. M don tsara girbi ga waɗanda
cewa kusan kashi 70% na berries suna girma kusan lokaci guda, bayan haka yana ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo
kar a rabu. - Brigitta Blue. A berries na wannan iri-iri girma
har zuwa 15mm a diamita kuma suna da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da tsami. A cikin ‘ya’yan itace
Brigitta Blue ta shiga shekara ta hudu, bayan haka ta nuna
yawan amfanin ƙasa na yau da kullun na kusan kilogiram 4-6 a kowace daji (a ƙarƙashin yanayin matsakaita
Tsawon daji yana girma har zuwa mita 1,8-2).
A farkon ripening iri samar a farkon rabin Yuli, marigayi ripening
– a farkon rabin Agusta. A lokaci guda, namo na kowane blueberry yana buƙatar tauri
yarda da wasu sharuɗɗa:
- Ƙasa don blueberries. Shuka yana buƙatar acid
ƙasa tare da matakin pH na 3,8-5 (ba sama da 5,5 ba). Lokacin dasa daji
wajibi ne don yin cakuda ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi yafi
m peat tare da ƙari na ganye da coniferous humus
datti (a cikin rabo na 5: 2: 1). Bayan haka, ƙasa yawanci ana mulch.
sawdust ko haushi (kimanin 10-15 cm). Akwai na kowa
(ko da yake ba za a iya jayayya ba) ra’ayi cewa ƙaunar ƙasa mai acidic ta tashi
a cikin wannan shuka saboda symbiosis da fungi. Tushen Cranberry
ba tare da gashin tsotsa mai kyau ba, amma naman gwari
zaren da ke taimakawa shuka ta sha na gina jiki. - Shuka blueberries. Wannan zai buƙaci mita
rami a diamita game da zurfin 60 cm. Ƙarƙashin daji mai tsayi na gaba
Ana haƙa ramin blueberry bai wuce mita 2 ba daga na baya. Shuka
zafi game da zafi (ba a yarda bushewa da ambaliya ba)
Sabili da haka, ana dasa daji a wuri mai laushi mai laushi.
farko. An zaɓi wuri shiru da haske mai kyau. Ba sharri ba
blueberries girma a cikin wani m inuwa, amma shrubs dasa a cikin rana
yana samar da berries mafi girma da zaƙi. - Blueberry seedlings. An zaɓi iri-iri don dasa shuki.
bisa ƙayyadaddun yanayin yanayi. Don girma a ciki
Gidajen lambu masu zaman kansu suna kula ba kawai ga dandano na berries da yawan amfanin ƙasa ba,
amma kuma game da roko na ado na daji. Masana’antu
kusanci la’akari da girman da dandano na Berry, da damar
canja wurin sufuri, da ‘ya’yan itace ripening oda zuwa
shrubs, da dai sauransu. D. - Yi hankali. Shayar da blueberries a lokacin bushewa
da za’ayi a kalla 1 lokaci a mako a cikin adadin 10-20 lita kowace daji.
Idan ruwan ya yi tsanani, tare da alkali mai yawa, kafin a shayar da shi
acidified tare da vinegar a cikin wani rabo na game da 1 tsp. domin 2 lita
Ruwa. Don inganta fruiting a farkon bazara, ana aiwatar da pruning.
shrubbery. Ana amfani da takin potassium da phosphorus a cikin kaka, bazara da kuma
a farkon lokacin rani – nitrogen.
A cikin ‘yan shekarun nan, namo na
blueberries a cikin kwantena tukwane, ba ka damar haifar da mafi kyau duka
yanayin ƙasa da samar da shuka tare da haske akai-akai.
bayanai na sha’awa
Blueberry gama gari (Vaccinium uliginosum)
dauke da kusancin dangi na blueberries.
Wannan yana da sauƙi don tabbatarwa, koda kuwa kawai kuna kwatanta hotuna na berries.
Kuma babu wani abu na musamman idan irin wannan dangantaka ta kut da kut
kuma kamanni ba zai hana mutanen da suka yi nisa da ilmin halitta gane blueberries ba
mejor.
Gaskiyar ita ce gamsarwa sha’awar bincike tana da ƙarfi
rudani a cikin kalmomi yana tsoma baki. Da alama ana kiran blueberries akai-akai
blueberries da kuma akasin haka. Wannan shi ne sananne musamman lokacin
Bincika a cikin Turanci kafofin. Bature ya gane
mai wuya, har ma fiye da haka ga baƙo. Musamman idan marubutan littattafan ilimi
labaran ba su fayyace wanne ne “blueberry” ko “blueberry” ba
suna rubutawa.
A cikin ƙamus na musamman . masu tarawa gwadawa
warware matsalar fassarar, amma zaɓi yadda ake fassara «blueberry»
(“Blueberries” ko “blueberries”), ba tare da ƙarin ma’anar cancanta ba
bai isa ba
- dwarf bilberry (Vaccinium caespitosum) – dwarf bilberry,
- Rabbit’s eye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum)
(Esha), - cranberry sugared da low cranberry (Vaccinium angustifolium)
– kunkuntar-leaf blueberries, da dai sauransu.
Wannan shine inda ake buƙatar kalmomin kimiyya da gaske, kuma inda Latin
lakabi kawai ajiyewa. Yana iya zama kamar duk matsalar ta taso
ga matsalolin fassarar. Amma shi ke nan sai kun gani
cikakken jerin sunayen blueberries a cikin wallafe-wallafen Rasha. nan
Rikicin kalmomin “blueberry” da “blueberry” suma ana ci karo da su akai-akai.
Kuma akwai kuma shahararrun sunaye (ciki har da na yanki)
berries: wawa, gnobol, vodka, chickadee, da dai sauransu.
Irin wannan adadin bambance-bambancen Slavic na sunan sun karɓi nau’in blueberry.
da aka sani a nan a matsayin fadama ko rashin girma. A berries na wannan shuka
a Eurasia ma, an dade ana ci, kuma an yi amfani da ganyen
don tanning fata. Amma kayan masarufi yanzu
bayan haka, ‘ya’yan itatuwa na Arewacin Amirka berries da suka yada
a duniya daga kimanin karni na sha bakwai, amma ya fara noman rayayye
kawai a cikin XX. Saboda haka, yawancin su suna da alaƙa da Arewacin Amirka.
Gaskiya mai kyau game da blueberries:
- A cikin Amurka da Kanada, fiye da
bukukuwan blueberry guda ashirin tare da biki da dandana mafi kyawun iri
a cikin jita-jita iri-iri. - Blueberries sun zama alamar New Jersey. An buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya a wurin,
wanda “Sarauniya blueberry” Elizabeth Coleman ta kafa
Fari ita ce mace ta farko da ta fara sanya noman blueberry akan fadi
tushen kasuwanci kuma ya zama shugaban Cranberry a 1929
Ƙungiyar Furodusa. Bayan mutuwarsa, jiki, bisa ga wasiyya.
sun kone tare da watsa tokar a kan fadama da suka fi so da kuma gonakin blueberry
blueberries Don girmama ta, ana kiran nau’in Elizabeth blueberry iri-iri, wanda ya ba ta
berries tare da ɗanɗano mai santsi da wadataccen ɗanɗano har zuwa 22-25 mm a diamita. - A lokacin yakin basasar Amurka, al’adar amfani
Blueberry decoctions don rigakafin scurvy. - Masu shukar Arewacin Amurka na tsakiyar karni na karshe sun zama
samar da zuma
na Nectar da ƙudan zuma suka tara a cikin filin blueberry. Kamar yau
Hakanan ana iya samun samfurin akan ma’ajin mu. - Ta hanyar siffar calyx, wanda ya rage a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa cikakke, blueberries
A Amurka wani lokaci ana kiran su “berries star.”
Duk da karuwa a cikin shahararrun, blueberries sun kasance a cikin kasarmu
tsada da kayan cin abinci, wanda, duk da haka, bai damu ba
ana bukata. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da kyau a yaba da dandanonsu da kuma kayan magani.
kaddarorin. Kuma ko da yake ya yi wuri don kiran blueberries magani na gaskiya,
Amfanin cin wadannan berries tabbas sun fi illa.
