Tafarnuwa ta daɗe ta kasance abin da aka fi so a yawancin jita-jita. Wannan tushen amfanin gona yana da farin jini sosai ga manoma, saboda ɗanɗanonsa na yaji, mara fa’ida a cikin noma da ingantaccen ingancinsa. Koyaya, don shuka amfanin gona na hunturu, ana buƙatar sarrafa tafarnuwa daidai.
Dabarun sarrafa Tafarnuwa
Zaɓin tubers
Zaɓin tubers don dasa shuki yana da ƙima mai yawa.Samfurin lafiya kawai ba tare da lalacewar injin da ake gani ba kuma an zaɓi rot. Ana yada tafarnuwa ta hanyar dukan tubers – guda ɗaya ko cloves da aka ɗauka daga waje.
Zai fi kyau a adana tafarnuwa tare da kwasfa masu launuka masu yawa – ruwan hoda ko ratsi shuɗi. Kada a sami tsaga a cikin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, yana da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da abubuwan da ke cikin yankin ku kuma zaɓi iri-iri, zuwa yankuna, in ba haka ba ba za ku iya girbi amfanin gona mai kyau ba na akalla shekaru 2 har sai amfanin gona ya dace da yanayin yanayi.
Namo na dogon lokaci na al’ada iri ɗaya yana haifar da tarawa a kan shugabannin ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haifar da haɓakar cututtuka daban-daban, da kuma larvae kwaro. Sau ɗaya a kowace shekara, 1/3 na iri ya kamata a canza zuwa haƙori ɗaya. Ana samun wannan iri daga kwararan fitila.
Processing kafin dasa
Gudanar da tafarnuwa kafin dasa shuki tare da maganin lalata ya zama dole. Ko da cikakken lafiyayyen hakora na iya kamuwa da kwayoyin cuta ko tsutsa. Don sarrafa amfani:
Maganin ash yana taimakawa ba kawai don lalata tubers ba, har ma don wadatar da su da nitrogen, wanda ya zama dole don ci gaban shuka na yau da kullun a nan gaba. Shirya shi a cikin adadin 400 g na ash na itace da lita 2 na ruwa. Ana tafasa maganin na tsawon minti 30 kuma a sanyaya. Sannan ana jika hakora na tsawon awanni 2.
Maganin manganese ya juya ɗan ruwan hoda. Don lita 10 na ruwa sanya 1 tsp. Ana jika tafarnuwa a cikin maganin na tsawon sa’o’i 10. Ana amfani da irin wannan magani kafin kakar wasa don albasa.Za a iya amfani da hydrogen peroxide don kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Jiyya na Phytosporin
Idan an sami alamun cututtukan fungal a kan aƙalla tuber ɗaya, dole ne a lalata shi nan da nan kuma dole ne a kula da dukan iri. Fitosporin antifungal abu. Amfanin wannan kayan aiki shine yiwuwar yin amfani da shi a kowane mataki na ci gaban shuka.
Bayan sarrafa tafarnuwa, kafin shuka, har yanzu kuna buƙatar zuba maganin a cikin gadaje. Ana gudanar da maganin rigakafi kowane kwanaki 14 bayan bayyanar cutar ta farko. Wajibi ne a tsarma maganin 1-2 hours kafin hanya.
Copper sulfate magani
Daya daga cikin magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta na duniya shine jan karfe sulfate. Maganin sa na kashi 1% ana yawan amfani dashi don kashe tubers na tafarnuwa. Ana aiwatar da sarrafa tafarnuwa cloves a cikin matakai 2:
- tsaba don adana minti 2 a cikin ruwan gishiri,
- jiƙa na minti 30 a cikin maganin sulfate na jan karfe.
Ana iya amfani da sulfate na jan karfe don bi da tsire-tsire bayan bayyanar farko don rigakafin cututtukan fungal. Don lita 10 na ruwa sanya 1 tsp. jan karfe sulfate da 1 tbsp. l Sabulun wanki da aka goge. Haka kuma ana sarrafa albasa.
Maganin cuta
Dole ne a sarrafa tafarnuwa kafin shuka
Ko da yake ana ɗaukar tafarnuwa a matsayin amfanin gona mai jure cututtuka, wani lokaci wasu kwari da fungi na iya shafa ta. Yawancin lokaci, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda:
- rashin kulawa,
- rashin bin ka’idojin juyawa amfanin gona.
Tsire-tsire masu rauni ana iya fallasa su zuwa ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da ɗaya, amma da yawa a lokaci guda. Hakora kafin dasa ya kamata a shafe su a cikin ruwan dumi tare da digo 5 na hydrogen peroxide da aka kara na minti 15.
m m
A cikin yanayin danshi, ƙwayoyin fungal suna yaduwa sosai. Perosporonosis yana sa ganyen ya lalace, ƙananan faci suna bayyana akan su. Don rigakafi da magani, yi amfani da:
- fitosporin,
- Liquid Bordeaux,
- vitriol.
Pretreatment na hakora ta calcination a cikin tanda ne mai kyau rigakafin. Maimakon calcination, zaka iya amfani da maganin ruwan zafi na 50 обработку. Inoculum a zahiri nutsewa na tsawon mintuna 15, sannan a sanyaya cikin ruwan sanyi kuma a bushe.
Ƙwayar wuya da tsatsa
Wadannan cututtuka sukan shafi albasa da tafarnuwa, tsatsa tana fitowa kamar rawaya a ganyen ganye, da lokaci mai tsawo, suna yin duhu kuma suna sa ɓangaren tsiron ya bushe. Rubewar mahaifa yana shafar tubers yayin ajiya. Kayan lambu suna zama m kuma suna da wari mara daɗi.
Don hanawa da magance cututtuka, kawai ya kamata a adana amfanin gona mai bushe da lafiya. Daga cikin magungunan da ake amfani da su:
- phytosporin-M,
- Liquid Bordeaux,
- 1% jan karfe chloride bayani.
Tushen nematode
Kwaro yana sha ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga tsire-tsire. Tsire-tsire da suka lalace sun fara yin rawaya kuma a ƙarshe sun bushe gaba ɗaya. Tushen al’ada ya zama taushi, friable, yana samun wari mara kyau. Donets rots.
Matakan rigakafi da magani:
- juya amfanin gona,
- disinfection iri kafin dasa,
- weeding na yau da kullun tsakanin layuka,
- maganin ramuka tare da Thunderbolt.
Albasa irin ƙwaro
Larvae yana cutar da kawunan amfanin gonakin tushen kuma ya lalata su. A ƙarshe tuber ya ruɓe kuma ya zama mara kyau. A matsayin rigakafi da magani, ya kamata a bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona. Kada a dasa tafarnuwa a kusa da wurin kamuwa da cutar a bara. Dole ne a rufe hanyoyin da peat da yashi.
Idan an samo ƙwan ƙwai, ya kamata a bi da shuka tare da ash da lemun tsami a cikin rabo na 1: 1. Ya kamata a bi da shuka sau da yawa fiye da makonni 4. Ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire masu lalacewa nan da nan kuma a ƙone su don hana yaduwar kwari.
Maganin ciyawa
Kula da ciyawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban
Ganyayyaki
Sau da yawa suna haifar da bayyanar cututtuka na fungal da kwari na ciyawa. Gudanar da ciyawa na hannu yana da wahala a wasu lokuta. Don wannan, ana nufin ƙungiyar magunguna daban-daban da ake kira herbicides. Suna lalata tushen ciyawa yadda ya kamata ba tare da shafar al’adun kanta ba. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen sau da yawa don maganin tafarnuwa na hunturu: Lontrel Grand, Stomp, Targa Super.
Dokokin fesa
Ayyukan irin wannan shirye-shiryen za a iya jagorantar su kawai a weeds ko a duk shuke-shuke. Yana da kyau a karanta umarnin a hankali kafin amfani da kuɗin don aiwatar da duk hanyoyin daidai kuma kada a bar su ba tare da al’ada ba. Ya kamata a yi fesa lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da ganye 2 ko a cikin kaka kafin shuka. Waɗannan samfuran suna kashe ciyawa da wasu kwari yadda ya kamata. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa bayan yin amfani da magungunan herbicidal, za ku buƙaci kula da aikace-aikacen da ya dace na hadi.
Ana amfani da Lontrel Grand don kawar da ciyawa na shekara-shekara da na shekara-shekara. Idan ana shuka tafarnuwa a cikin gashin fuka-fukan kore, to, an haramta amfani da ita, ana aiwatar da aikin lokacin da ciyawa ta kai 15-20 cm tsayi. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na iska don hanyoyin shine 10-25 ℃.
Ana amfani da stomp don lalata ciyawa na shekara-shekara.
Ana yin maganin a kan ƙasa mai damshi. Ya kamata a dasa tafarnuwa a cikin ƙasa a zurfin da bai wuce 5 cm ba. Ayyukan herbicide yana daga watanni 3 zuwa 4.
Ana amfani da Targa Super don lalata ciyawa na shekara-shekara yadda ya kamata. Bayan tsiri, da zuriyar dabbobi kada ya zama sako ga watanni 1,5. Lokacin amfani da hanyoyin da ke sama, ba za ku iya cin tafarnuwa tsawon wata ɗaya ba.
Abun gwari
Fungicides sun kasu zuwa:
- Organic,
- inorganic (magungunan kashe qwari).
Ana maganin Tafarnuwa da maganin kashe kwari don kashe cututtuka da sauran cututtuka, don lalata ciyawa da kwari. Waɗannan sinadarai ne waɗanda ke ba ku damar warkar da tsire-tsire da sauri. Idan za ta yiwu, ba shakka, yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙarin yin ba tare da su ba, tun da magungunan kashe qwari suna da peculiarity na tarawa akan tubers. Daga cikin mafi iko kwayoyi lura: Galigan, Gezagard, Goal.
Daga cikin magungunan fungicidal na kwayoyin halitta, yawancin manoma suna lura da miyagun ƙwayoyi Maxim. An tsara shi don kare tubers daga lalacewa a lokacin ajiya da kuma kafin dasa shuki. Yin amfani da wakili na fungicidal a cikin ci gaba da dasa shuki yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar shinge a cikin yankin rhizome, wanda ya rage a duk lokacin kakar. Baya ga aikin karewa, yana ƙarfafa ci gaban tsire-tsire.
Kashi na karshe
Wani muhimmin batu don samun girbi mai kyau na tafarnuwa shine sarrafa iri da ƙasa na ƙwayoyin cuta daban-daban akan lokaci. Ba za a yi watsi da hanyar disinfection ba, tun da fungal spores da kwaro larvae na iya zama a cikin hakora na dogon lokaci, yayin da tushen amfanin gona zai kasance lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙarin sarrafa tafarnuwa na hunturu yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye cloves a cikin ƙasa a duk lokacin hunturu.
Don kauce wa wannan, yana da mahimmanci a bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona. Kada ku shuka amfanin gona na shekaru da yawa a jere a wuri guda. Tafarnuwa yana amsawa da kyau don amfani da ƙarin takin mai magani a ƙasa. Gabatar da zubar da kaji ko taki a cikin amfanin gona na baya shine kyakkyawan rigakafin bayyanar wasu kwari.
