Ba za ku iya shuka tafarnuwa a cikin lambu ba tare da taki ba. Ana yin suturar tafarnuwa a lokuta daban-daban, ta hanyoyi da hanyoyi daban-daban, yadda ake ciyar da tafarnuwa da yadda ake takin albasa, tare da nau’ikan allurai daban-daban.
Tufafin tafarnuwa da albasa
Me yasa ya zama dole don taki?
Dukkan noman tafarnuwa an kasu kashi biyu bisa ga lokacin girma:
- hunturu, wanda aka dasa a cikin kaka don hunturu, samun girbi na farko,
- amfanin gona na bazara da ake dasa a lokacin bazara lokacin da ƙasa ta yi zafi.
Dukansu nau’ikan suna buƙatar sake cikawa, wanda dole ne a yi shi akan lokaci. An dasa shi don amfanin gona na hunturu, aikace-aikacen takin ma’adinai a kan lokaci don tafarnuwa da albasa yana tabbatar da ci gaban al’ada da ci gaban shuka. Lokacin da aka takin waɗannan amfanin gona, suna samun dukkan abubuwan gina jiki na ma’adinai da ake buƙata don samar da amfanin gona mai kyau.
A cikin bazara, ciyarwa ta hanyar girma tafarnuwa a cikin hunturu ya zama dole don dalili mai sauƙi. Bayan ƙwararrun lokacin hunturu, yana ba da cikakken ƙarfin ƙarfin da shuka ke kashewa, ta yadda a cikin watanni masu zuwa za a sami girbi mai yawa tare da manyan kai.
Hakanan hadi na bazara yana da mahimmanci ga nau’in bazara, kamar yadda takin mai magani na wannan nau’in shine mabuɗin don samar da kwararan fitila akan lokaci. Baya ga bazara, don bazara da lokacin hunturu suna kuma ba da cajin lokacin rani don haɓaka juriya na shuka ga cututtuka da kwari.
Wace ƙasa ta dace
Mazauna lokacin rani sun daɗe da sanin cewa gado mai kyau na ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki acidity da haihuwa yana da mahimmanci ga babban amfanin gonar tafarnuwa.
Wuya
Makullin amfanin gona na gaba shine tsaka-tsakin acidity na ƙasa wanda amfanin gona ya nuna sakamako mafi kyau lokacin girma tare da manyan kai. Ƙasar acidic a cikin gado ana yin alkaline kafin shuka amfanin gona na tafarnuwa. Ana iya yin wannan ta ƙara lemun tsami – cannon, wanda aka ƙara a cikin nauyin 2-3 kg a kowace 1 m2 na yankin da aka shuka.
Wasu suna amfani da tokar itace maimakon lemun tsami kafin shuka a cikin gado. Ana ƙididdige adadin sa bisa ga alamun farko na acidity na ƙasa kuma yana iya bambanta daga 0.7 zuwa kusan 3.0 kg a kowace 1 m2 na yankin da aka dasa.
Aikace-aikacen taki
Don amfanin ƙasa na ƙasa shuka, wajibi ne don ciyar da ƙasa tare da mullein ko taki mai sabo (doki, tumaki, alade). Ana gabatar da taki na Mullein ne kawai a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona na tafarnuwa na baya, kawai sai zai zama da amfani. Takin ƙasa daga kowane nau’i na taki kai tsaye a lokacin girma na iya jinkirta lokacin girma kuma yana haifar da mummunan tasirin amfanin gona. Adadin da 1 m2 na yankin shuka shine kusan 7-10 kg.
Additives na ƙasa
Don nau’ikan ƙasa daban-daban tare da manufar haɓaka haɓakar ƙasa yayin girma tafarnuwa, ana ba da shawarar ciyar da ƙasa tare da ƙari na ƙasa:
- a cikin aƙalla lita 10 na yashi da adadin peat iri ɗaya suna ba da gudummawa ga ƙasa mai nauyi a cikin murabba’in murabba’in 1 na yanki.
- ana zuba guga lita goma na bangaren peat tare da guga na grated foda ana saka shi a cikin yashi mai haske da ƙasa mai yashi.
- a cikin marshy bogs amfani da yashi da marl a cikin kundin guda ɗaya.
Faduwa takin mai magani
Wajibi ne a ciyar da nan da nan bayan dasa shuki
Ana ciyar da tafarnuwa na farko na hunturu a cikin kaka. Ana yin aikace-aikacen farko kafin dasa shukar tafarnuwa, tsawon makonni 1-2. Humus yana aiki a matsayin babban hanyar ciyarwa da tafarnuwa ke ciyarwa a cikin kaka, lita 10 ta hanyar girma wanda aka haxa shi da babban cokali 1 na superphosphate, babban cokali 2 na potassium sulfate da 0,5 l na ash itace.
Tafarnuwa ta lokacin sanyi ta fi son takin zamani kamar tokar itace, kuma idan aka shafa a kasa a kan lokaci, tokar itacen da ake amfani da ita na tafarnuwa da albasa na iya samar da amfanin gona mai kyau a nan gaba.
Gogaggen lambu ba sa yin caji a cikin fall, saboda suna ɗauke da nitrogen a cikin abubuwan da aka gyara, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka aikin rosette na ganye da tsarin tushen.
Tips daga mai lambu
Mazaunan lokacin rani a cikin kaka suna ƙoƙarin ciyar da nau’in hunturu tare da taki a cikin ƙimar kilogiram 5-6 a kowace murabba’in murabba’in 1 na yankin da aka noma. Madadin haka, zaku iya amfani da takin peat, wanda girmansa a cikin yanki ɗaya shine 8-10 kg. Lambun takin don wannan dalili yana buƙatar ɗan ƙara kaɗan – matsakaicin kilogiram 11. Dukkan wadannan takin tafarnuwa, da aka gabatar da su a cikin kaka a matsayin sutura ga amfanin gona na hunturu, za su samar da manyan albasa a cikin kaka.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, ba a amfani da mahadi masu ɗauke da nitrogen kwata-kwata ko kuma ba a zalunce su ba yayin da suke haɓaka haɓakar alƙalami da harbi.
Takin bazara
Lokacin bazara ya zo, amfanin gona na hunturu ya toho kuma yana buƙatar sake cikawa don dawo da kuzarin da aka kashe a lokacin hunturu. Abincin abinci don bazara yana faruwa daga baya, a matakin lokacin da shuka ya ci gaba zuwa girma mai aiki kuma ya fara samar da ovary.
Yawancin lokaci suna ƙoƙarin ciyar da tafarnuwa lokacin da suka fara shayar da tsire-tsire. Ana gudanar da irin wannan kulawar haɗin gwiwa don guje wa wuce gona da iri. Kuna iya shayar da shuka a yanzu, farawa a ƙarshen bazara.
Ciyarwar farko
Aikace-aikacen farko na abubuwan gina jiki don noman tafarnuwa na hunturu da bazara an yi shi da urea, wanda aka diluted a cikin rabon babban cokali 1 na miyagun ƙwayoyi da guga 1 na ruwa lita goma. A cikin 1 sq.m. Yankin da aka shuka yana buƙatar lita 2-3 na ruwa mai aiki tare da urea.
A cikin suturar farko tsakanin kafofin watsa labaru masu ciyar da albasa da tafarnuwa, abincin carbamide shine babban abu.
Tufafin sakandare
Tufafin tafarnuwa na biyu a cikin bazara ana aiwatar da makonni biyu bayan farawa. Yin amfani da caji na biyu, da na farko, iri ɗaya ne don amfanin gona na tafarnuwa na bazara da na hunturu. Babban abubuwan da aka gyara a wannan lokacin sune ruwan aiki tare da ammonia, nitrophos da nitroammophos. Ana zuba magungunan a cikin manyan cokali biyu a kowace guga na ruwa. Adadin amfani da ruwan da aka gama aiki shine kusan lita 3-4.
Rani taki
Kuna iya sarrafa shi tare da magunguna na gida da shirye-shirye
Babban Tufafin bazara shine aikace-aikace na uku a jere na mahadi masu gina jiki, wanda aka shirya don tsakiyar-zuwa ƙarshen Yuli. Wannan lokaci ne na samar da kwararan fitila, wanda ke buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki, sau da yawa, taki na uku na albasa da tafarnuwa ana amfani da shi don nau’in bazara, amma a wasu lokuta ana amfani da shi don amfanin gona na hunturu wanda ya girma da wuri.
Tufafin tafarnuwa na uku, na ƙarshe, yana buƙatar masu lambu su cika wa’adin su. Takin da aka yi kafin ranar karewa yana lalatar da duk ƙarfin shuka akan kibiyoyi da ciyayi. Late taki don tafarnuwa lokacin da ganyen ke yin rawaya ya zama ɓata lokaci.
Superphosphate
A matsayin abinci mai gina jiki don cikakken samuwar kawunan tafarnuwa Daga cikin manyan abubuwan gina jiki, waɗanda ke ciyar da tafarnuwa akwai potassium da phosphorus, waɗanda masu lambu ke amfani da superphosphate sosai. Maganin yana buƙatar manyan cokali biyu don kowane lita 10 na ruwa. Yawan amfani da takin tafarnuwa shine, a matsakaita, 4 zuwa 5 lita na superphosphate gama aikin ruwa a cikin 1 m2 na yankin da aka shuka.
Foliar takin mai magani
Gogaggen lambu suna yin amfani da girbin foliar a lokacin rani girma tafarnuwa, musamman lokacin da ganyen ya zama rawaya. Tana aiki azaman ƙarin kayan aiki. Ana amfani da takin foliar tafarnuwa lokacin da kuke buƙatar ciyar da shuka da sauri da sauri. Hanyar foliar na suturar ganyen tafarnuwa, lokacin da ganyen ya zama rawaya, yana taimakawa wajen shawo kan sinadarai mafi kyau da sauri.
Urea da boric acid sun dace sosai don fesa foliar.Wannan abinci ne mai mahimmanci, wanda ke ƙarfafa haɓakar sabbin ovaries.
Foliar feed fesa shuka shuka ake bukata bayan cire yellowish ganye da dare. Daidai ne don fesa tare da mahadi na ma’adinai sau biyu a lokacin bazara a lokacin lokacin ci gaba mai aiki na amfanin gona na tafarnuwa.
Maganin jama’a
A lokacin rani, ana amfani da hydrogen peroxide da yisti sosai don fesa shukar tafarnuwa. , gishiri da aidin, wadanda suka fi takin mai kara kuzari.
Hydrogen peroxide
Babban manufarsa ita ce kawar da ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma masu lambu sun fara amfani da wannan kadarorin na hydrogen peroxide yadda ya kamata don ciyar da kayan lambu da kuma ta da ci gaban su a cikin matakan girma. Maganin atom ɗin da ke ɗauke da iskar oxygen yana iya cika ƙasa tare da sashin oxygen, wanda ke tasiri ga ci gaban amfanin gonar tafarnuwa. Don shayar da hydrogen peroxide, manyan cokali biyu na abun da ke ciki na 3% ana diluted a cikin lita na ruwa. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire tare da wannan ruwa mai aiki nan da nan bayan farkon tsiron ya bayyana a farkon lokacin bazara. Duk da haka, yawancin lambu suna amfani da hydrogen peroxide don shayar da tsire-tsire masu girma, suna ba su abinci mai mahimmanci yayin lokacin girma.
Abincin yisti
Maganin yisti yana haɓaka samuwar tushen tsarin kuma yana haɓaka juriya na shuka ga cututtuka. Lokacin da yisti ya shiga cikin ƙasa, yana da tasiri mai amfani akan ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke aiwatar da kwayoyin halitta da kuma takin ƙasa.
Iodine
Iodine supplementation yana sa ƙasa ta zama mai laushi kuma yana kunna ci gaban tsire-tsire. Yana da mahimmanci musamman ga peat da ƙasa podzolic. Ana shirya mafita na iodine a cikin adadin 40 saukad da na 5% maida hankali maganin barasa a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da ruwa mai aiki na aidin azaman abincin foliar a matakin ovary. A lokacin samuwar ovary, ana shayar da kayan lambu tare da bayani na aidin da aka haɗe da hydrogen peroxide.
Sal
Ruwan gishiri don shayar da albasa da noman tafarnuwa na amfani da kayan lambu masu ɗanɗano a lokacin bazara lokacin da albasa ko tafarnuwa ke girma kamar 10cm tsayi. Ana yin irin wannan shayarwa sau biyu, tare da tazarar lokaci na kwanaki 10. Don ruwan gishiri, kuna buƙatar saka manyan cokali 3 a cikin guga. Wasu lambu suna ƙara yawan gishiri a cikin gilashi. Maganin salin da ake amfani da shi a lokacin ban ruwa yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan kwari kuma a lokaci guda yana kunna ci gaban shuka a lokacin samuwar kwan fitila.
Ma’adinai mahadi
Daga cikin hadadden takin zamani da aka tsara don shuka albasa da tafarnuwa a lokaci guda, masu lambu sun san wasu sosai:
- Yana da wani granular hadaddun daga masana’anta da ake kira Fasco, wanda ya ƙunshi magnesium da calcium. Yawan amfani da 1 m2 na yanki shine 100 g, sau da yawa wani hadadden ma’adinai mai mahimmanci tare da magnesium da calcium daga Fasko ana amfani dashi ba kawai a lokacin rani abinci mai gina jiki na kayan lambu da aka girma a gonar ba, amma har ma a matsayin kayan aiki mai mahimmanci don shirya ƙasa kafin. shuka,
- Hakazalika da hadadden ma’adinai na sama don sunan ‘Tsybulia’ yana da hanyar tasiri iri ɗaya na fallasa kuma yana aiki a matsayin cikakken abinci a cikin noman albasa da tafarnuwa, Yawan amfani da wannan magani ya kai kimanin 80g a kowace 1m2. yankin shuka,
- hadadden abun da ke ciki na abinci mai narkewa mai narkewa da ruwa mai suna Agricola ya tabbatar da kansa a cikin lambu saboda dacewa da amfaninsa, ana iya amfani dashi a lokacin dasa shuki, amma da yawa sun fi son yin amfani da shirye-shiryen ma’adinai a cikin nau’i mai narkewa, suna diluting kowane 25 g a cikin lita goma. lita guga na ruwa, wanda wani lokaci yana ƙara yawan ruwa zuwa 15 l.
