Tafarnuwa ita ce tsiron kwan fitila na dindindin wanda ake girma a ƙasashe da yawa. Musamman shaharar ita ce tafarnuwa ta hunturu, wacce ake dasa kafin lokacin hunturu. Ana yaba su don manyan kawunansu da hakora da sauƙin kulawa.
Tafarnuwa shuka hunturu
Makullin samun nasarar noman tafarnuwa shine tsarin da ya fi dacewa da kulawa mai kyau. Wannan zai tabbatar da haɓakar shuke-shuke masu lafiya waɗanda zasu faranta muku rai tare da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Kwanakin shuka
Don samun amfanin gona mai inganci, yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye kwanakin dasa shuki don tafarnuwa hunturu. Ana shuka irin wannan tafarnuwa a cikin kaka. Tafarnuwa na hunturu kafin farkon yanayin sanyi tare da ƙarancin zafin jiki ya kamata a kafe da kyau, amma ba shi da lokacin shuka. Don cikakken tushen tushen, ana buƙatar kwanaki 30-45. Kwanan dasa tafarnuwa na hunturu na yankuna daban-daban sun bambanta sosai. Kuma suna iya canzawa daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba. Lokacin shuka zai dogara ne akan yanayin da sanyin hunturu. Dangane da kwarewar lambu, mafi kyawun lokacin dasa hakora zai kasance a tsakiyar Oktoba. Zai sami lokaci don tushen da kyau da gina tushen tsarin, wanda zai iya kare shi daga daskarewa.
Lokacin shuka kuma zai bambanta dangane da zurfin shuka. Idan an dasa shi a zurfin 5-9 cm, dole ne a shuka kwanaki 25 kafin farkon yanayin sanyi. Tare da hanyar dasa shuki mai zurfi, har zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm, ana iya dasa cloves daga tsakiyar Satumba zuwa Oktoba 20.
Zaɓi nau’in nau’in kayan shuka mai inganci
Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar nau’i mai kyau a cikin tsarin girma wanda zai samar da yawan amfanin ƙasa, adana da kyau kuma yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka. Daga cikin shahararrun da waɗanda suka tabbatar da inganci, wajibi ne don haskakawa, Yana da tsayin daka ga sanyi. Bulbs suna yin la’akari har zuwa 50 g, tukwici suna da girma, an rufe su da farar fata da shunayya. Yana da juriya ga ƙwayoyin cuta da nematode, yana da matsakaicin hankali ga peronosporosis.
Tsaba
Zaɓin nau’in da ya dace ya kamata ya kula da ingancin kayan shuka. Ba wai kawai yawan aiki ya dogara da wannan ba, har ma da juriya ga cututtuka da yanayi mara kyau. Lokacin siyan cloves don dasa shuki, ya kamata ku kula da wasu halaye waɗanda ke nuna inganci kuma suna shafar germination. Hakora masu dacewa don dasa shuki:
- babba kuma iri daya,
- ko da a siffa, ba tare da nakasa ba.
- babu alamun cuta kuma babu alamun rot, mold,
- lafiya, ba rauni,
- tare da bango mara lalacewa.
Zabar wurin sauka
Lokacin zabar wuri da gado don dasa tafarnuwa hunturu, kana buƙatar la’akari da danshi na ƙasa, haske, da kuma abin da amfanin gonar lambu ya girma a kan wannan shafin a kakar da ta gabata. Wurin da za a dasa ya zama danshi mai tsaka-tsaki kuma ba ambaliya a lokacin hunturu ko bazara. kada ruwan dake cikin gadon ya yi tagumi. Tare da stagnation na ruwa, dasa tafarnuwa hunturu na iya ɓata kuma cututtukan fungal suna cutar da su sosai. Ya kamata gado don tafarnuwa na hunturu ya zama haske sosai kuma ba a cikin inuwar sauran kayan lambu ba, shrubs ko bishiyoyi. Rashin haske da shading yana shafar girma da ingancin amfanin gona.
Yawancin lokaci
Yawancin amfanin gona na kayan lambu suna kula da abin da ake kira juyawa amfanin gona, tafarnuwa ba banda. Ya kamata a dasa shi a cikin lambun da irin waɗannan amfanin gona suke girma:
- tumatir,
- wake, wake,
- kabewa,
- kabeji.
Kuma gadaje da albasa ko dankali suka girma sun fi kyau kada a shuka tafarnuwa na hunturu. Har ila yau, gadon da aka tara tare da taki ba zai yi aiki ba, ƙasa mai wadataccen nitrogen zai haifar da ci gaba mai girma na ɓangaren kore na tsire-tsire kuma girma na kwan fitila zai iyakance.
Shiri da dasa shuki
Kafin yadda za a dasa tafarnuwa na hunturu, an raba kawunan zuwa cloves, ba a cire kullun ba, ana duba lalacewa. Hakora, ingancin abin da ke cikin shakka, yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da shi. Bayan haka, ana iya bi da su tare da maganin saline da bayani na jan karfe sulfate, wannan zai lalata kayan shuka kuma yana kare kamuwa da cututtukan shuka. Don shirya maganin saline a cikin 5 l na ruwa, narke 3 tbsp. l gishiri, cloves jiƙa 2 min. sannan a nutsar da su a cikin wani bayani na jan karfe sulfate (1 teaspoon da 10 l na ruwa) kuma na minti 2. Bayan hanya, an wanke shi da ruwa mai tsabta kuma an bushe shi.
Kula da zurfin da nisa
Tsarin saukowa da zurfin
Don saukowa yi amfani da layi mai faɗi ko tsarin saukowa tef. Irin waɗannan hanyoyin suna sauƙaƙe kula da amfanin gona da samar da isasshen yanki don abinci mai gina jiki.
- Tare da dasa shuki mai faɗi, nisa tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya zama 40-45 cm, kuma nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire a jere ya zama 15-20 cm.
- Tare da tsarin tef, ana dasa layuka biyu tare da nisa na 20 cm da nisa tsakanin layuka 45 cm fadi. Nisa tsakanin layuka na tsire-tsire ɗaya shine 20 cm.
A cikin ƙananan yankuna, ana iya rage tazarar jeri har zuwa 30 cm, kuma a cikin ƙananan gadaje na lambun bazara har zuwa 20-25 cm, amma ƙara nisa tsakanin tsire-tsire.
Zurfin shuka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka fasaha. Dasa shuki sau da yawa yakan haifar da gaskiyar cewa shugabannin suna zuwa saman, fara crumble, kuma kusoshi sun fara girma tushen tushe, a sakamakon haka, amfanin gona yana girma da rashin inganci. Hakanan saukowa a zurfin ƙasa yana haifar da sanyi a lokacin hunturu ko shan kashi a lokacin sanyi na bazara. Tare da shuka mai zurfi marar hankali, ana hana germination na amfanin gona, kuma wannan yana da haɗari saboda jinkirta balaga da ƙananan amfanin gona.
Zurfafa kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin shuka, girman haƙori da yanayin ƙasa. Zurfin shuka a cikin hunturu daga 6-9 zuwa 10-13 cm. An dasa matsakaicin hakora zuwa zurfin 7-8 cm, kuma mafi girma a cikin tsagi 9-10 zuwa 13 cm zurfi. A kan ƙasa mai yashi mai haske, muna dasa tafarnuwa 2-3 cm zurfi.
Shuka tafarnuwa na hunturu wani muhimmin tsari ne wanda haɓakar shuka, inganci da matakin yawan amfanin ƙasa ya dogara akansa. Ya kamata a dasa haƙori a tsaye, kuma ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance da tabbaci tare da ƙasa, don haka idan an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, ya kasance a daidai matsayi kuma ya fara farawa da sauri. Bayan dasa shuki, ana ba da shawarar dasa ƙasa, musamman a cikin ƙasa mai haske da sako-sako. Don kare kariya daga sanyi, an rufe gadon da rassan rassan, bambaro ko lapnik.
Cuidado
Kula da wannan kayan lambu ya ƙunshi ainihin fasahar noma, gami da:
- saki,
- pad,
- ban ruwa,
- babban sutura.
Saki
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma yanayin iska ya daidaita kuma matsakaicin zafin rana ya zama 12-15 C, ana cire matsuguni daga gadaje kuma ana sassauta ƙasa cikin sauƙi. Ana yin tuƙi na layuka kowane mako biyu, wannan yana shafar ci gaban shuka da samuwar manyan shugabannin. Ana aiwatar da sassautawa zuwa zurfin 3-5 cm. Wannan hanya za ta inganta tsarin musayar gas da cin abinci mai gina jiki.
Ciki
Bayan kwancen farko, ana murƙushe gadon, don wannan dalili ana amfani da takin ko rigar peat. Wannan zai inganta tsarin ƙasa kuma ya zama farkon suturar farko don tsire-tsire matasa.
Watse
Ya kamata a shayar da ban ruwa na tafarnuwa lokacin fari da yanayin zafi. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, ana shayar da ruwa da safe, sau ɗaya a mako. Yana da kyau a sha ruwa a cikin hallway. A lokacin ruwan sama da lokacin sanyi, ana rage shayarwa ko kawar da shi gaba ɗaya. Rashin ruwa na ƙasa a ƙananan zafin jiki yana haifar da lalacewa da cututtuka. Wata daya kafin girbi, an daina ban ruwa.
Taki
Takin tafarnuwa sau uku a kowace kakar. A farkon bazara bayan cire tsari da sassauta, kuma biyu a cikin bazara tare da tazara tsakanin su na kwanaki 14-21. Don miya yana da kyau a yi amfani da samfuran halitta da shirye-shirye tare da sakamako mai laushi:
- Gishiri (30 ml da lita 10 na ruwa) yana haɓaka haɓakawa, yana hana yellowing da bushewa, yi amfani da bayani na 3 l / m2. Disinfects ƙasa da kuma hana haifuwa da kuma yada nematodes, filamentous tsutsotsi.
- Ana amfani da ash na itace a cikin busassun bayani narkar da cikin ruwa. Busasshiyar tokar tana warwatse a kan ƙasa mai dausayi a cikin layukan murabba’i 1. m. isa 3-4 tbsp. l Don shirya maganin, an ƙara gilashin ash a cikin lita 10 na ruwa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire da aka samu ta hanyar hadi.
- ammoniya. Don shirya maganin a cikin guga na ruwa, ƙara 2 tablespoons. Ammoniya irin wannan sutura na iya zubar da gado ko fesa tsire-tsire. Ammoniya za ta samar da nitrogen ga tsire-tsire, kuma kayan aiki ne na rigakafi don magance kwari.
A cikin noman masana’antu, ana amfani da takin ma’adinai irin su urea, nitrophosphate da superphosphate don abinci. Ya kamata a yi amfani da irin wannan suturar bisa ga adadin da masana’anta suka ba da shawarar.
ƙarshe
Tushen don noman tafarnuwa hunturu mai albarka shine dasa shuki daidai. Ana aiwatar da shi a cikin fall, lokacin da manyan matakai a kan gadaje sun riga sun kammala. Hanya mai kyau don dasa tafarnuwa lokacin sanyi, lura da lokacin dasawa, da kulawa mai kyau yana ba ku damar samun yawan amfanin ƙasa.
