Tafarnuwa na daya daga cikin shahararrun tsiron albasa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin dafa abinci don adanawa, shirya jita-jita masu zafi da sanyi. Undemanding zuwa ƙasa, amma ba ya girma a ko’ina. Saboda haka, yawancin lambu suna sha’awar dasa tafarnuwa a yankin Moscow da halayensa.
Mun dasa h Snok hunturu nagarta a Moscow
Shuka tafarnuwa tafarnuwa. Kula da shi abu ne mai sauki. Ba ya buƙatar ciyarwa akai-akai. Wasu nau’ikan suna da kyakkyawan amfanin gona.
Iri iri-iri
Ana shuka nau’in tafarnuwa na hunturu a cikin yankin Moscow. Amma mai lambu dole ne ya kula da halayen kowane nau’in. Akwai manyan kungiyoyi 2: mai harbi, ba mai harbi ba.
Shahararrun masu harbin tafarnuwa:
- Bashkirsky 85 – farkon shuka albasa.Matsakaicin nauyin kwan fitila shine 64 g.
- Gribovsky 80 – farkon maturing iri-iri. Yawan aiki yana da yawa. Nauyin kwan fitila: 100 g. Zai iya ɗaukar hakora har 12.
- Jubilee Gribovsky – shugaban tafarnuwa ya ƙunshi cloves 11. Yana jure yanayin hunturu. An kwatanta shi da dandano mai karfi.
- Kyandir: ƙanshi yana da ƙarfi, dandano yana da ƙarfi. Iri-iri na tsaka-tsakin yanayi mai girma.
- Komsomolets: manyan kawuna masu nauyi har zuwa 120 gr. Mai jure wa cututtukan amfanin gona da yawa.
- Dungan na gida – tare da fadi, hakora masu kaifi. Matsakaicin nauyin kwan fitila shine 30-34 gr. Har zuwa hakora 7 akan kai daya.
Nau’in tafarnuwa da aka warwatse: Broadleaf 220 da Novosibirsk. Abincinsa ba shi da ƙarfi sosai, kuma matsakaicin nauyi shine 25-45 gr. Ajiye har zuwa wata shida.
Ba a dasa tafarnuwa na bazara a cikin fall, amma a cikin bazara. Babban bambanci daga hunturu shine waje. Ya ƙunshi ƙananan hakora masu yawa. An tsara su a cikin layuka da yawa.
Yakamata a kula da Rocambole. Tubalan daga littafi guda ne. Nauyinsa yana kan matsakaicin 50 gr. Amma tare da isasshen haske da zafi ya kai 100-110 gr. Kwan fitila 200 ko 300 g zai yi girma a shekara ta uku ko ta huɗu. Al’adun shuka ya ƙunshi bitamin A da C: baƙin ƙarfe, allicin, carbohydrates, sunadarai, carotene, mai mai mahimmanci.
Kwanakin shuka
Kwanan dasa shuki suna shafar yanayin yanayi da yanayin yanayi. . Dokar duniya ita ce ta sauka kwanaki 40-50 kafin sanyi da sanyi. Tafarnuwa ta dace da abubuwan waje (zazzabi, ƙasa, zafi).
A cikin yankin Moscow, mafi kyawun lokacin shine daga Satumba 18 zuwa Oktoba 12. Idan an yi haka a baya, shuka ba zai sami lokacin yin amfani da wurin zama ba. Tushen yana fitowa a farkon kaka kuma yana iya daskare lokacin hunturu ya zo.
Yawan zafin jiki kada ya kasance ƙasa da 18 ° C. A tsakiyar Nuwamba, ba zai wuce 10 ° C ba.
Sheathed da aluminum tsare idan farkon kwanakin hunturu ne dusar ƙanƙara. Kuna buƙatar rufe kayan lambu tare da sanyi mai sanyi da sanyi mai tsanani da dare.
Kalandar wata
Yawancin lambu suna dogara ne kawai akan ƙwarewar mutum. Wasu sun dogara da kalandar wata. Dangane da su, suna yin hasashen lokacin shuka.
Hanyoyin wata suna shafar girbi na gaba ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai ranaku masu kyau da marasa kyau.
Dangane da kalandar Lunar na 2018, zaku iya dasa shuka albasa a watan Satumba da Oktoba:
- daga 5 zuwa 7 ga Satumba,
- daga 14 zuwa 17 ga Satumba,
- Oktoba 10, 22 da 29.
Bayan dasa kayan lambu a wannan lokacin, mai lambu zai sami girbi mai yawa. Duk sauran kwanakin ba su da kyau. A cikin Nuwamba 2018, tafarnuwa za a iya dasa kawai idan yanayin yanayi ya cika.
Dasa sarari
Zabi ƙasa mai kyau
Ƙungiya na da yanayin yanayi na nahiya, wanda baya barin mulching na ƙasa ya faru kafin dasa. Yi wannan a wani lokaci, makonni 2-3 bayan dasa shuki.
Tafarnuwa tana tsiro da kyau a cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko yumbu. Bai kamata a mamaye wurin ba a cikin bazara. Yawan damshin ƙasa zai haifar da gazawar amfanin gona. Amfanin shine gefen rana na makirci.
Takin ƙasa a matsayin sabon taki yana cutar da tafarnuwa. Wannan na iya haifar da cututtukan fungal. Ingancin samfurin yana lalacewa, matakin aiki ya ragu.
Nisa daga cikin gadaje dole ne ya fi 1 m. Wannan wajibi ne don dacewa girma na tsire-tsire albasa. Mafi kyawun wuri shine gabas-yamma.
Magabata
Yawan amfanin gonakin kayan lambu ya dogara da irin samfuran da suka girma a baya a cikin ƙasa. Ga yankin Moscow, tsire-tsire tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin girma ana la’akari da magabata masu kyau. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- Aubergines,
- kabewa,
- kabewa,
- cucumbers,
- Barkono ,
- bushes na berry,
- kabeji.
Masana ba su ba da shawarar dasa tafarnuwa inda dankali da sauran kayan lambu suka girma a da ba. Ana tsaftace su a makara. Duniya ba ta da lokacin farfadowa.
Ba za ku iya shuka tafarnuwa maimakon albasa ba. Wannan gaskiya ne kawai bayan shekaru 3-4.
Ana shirya tafarnuwa don dasa shuki
Tafarnuwa da ƙasa dole ne a shirye don dasa shuki
Bayan yanke shawarar wurin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar shirya shi da kyau. Yin tono ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30-40 cm hanya ce ta tilas. Ana buƙatar a saki ƙasa don ta cika da iskar oxygen.
Don mafi kyawun ci gaban kayan lambu, duk ciyayi, duwatsu da datti ana hako su. Suna hana tafarnuwa yin tsiro akai-akai.
Da takin mai magani
Taki ya zama dole don wadatar da ƙasa da abubuwa masu amfani da gina jiki. Irin wannan takin mai magani zai yi tasiri ga tafarnuwa:
- humus (takin) – 30-60 ton da 1 ha;
- microfertilizers – taimakawa don tsira da hunturu tare da ƙarancin lalacewa,
- nitrogen – an gabatar dashi lokacin da sprouts suka bayyana,
- nitroammophoskos (potash) – ƙara wata daya bayan nitrogen phosphoric,
- phosphoric – yana ba da gudummawar haɓakar da ake buƙata a cikin taro, haɓaka mai kyau na sashin iska, jikewa na hakora abubuwa masu mahimmanci.
Ana amfani da wasu samfuran kafin shuka. Wasu: a lokacin girma don kiyaye girma.
Shirya ƙasa a cikin fall ba zai ƙyale kusoshi su shiga cikin ƙasa mai nisa ba. Wannan zai tasiri tasiri sosai a cikin bazara. Ya kamata a jika su kwana 2 kafin a dasa su a cikin maganin manganese. Wannan hanya ce ta kariya don hana cututtuka da haɓaka juriya ga kwari.
Dokokin shuka
A cikin yankin Moscow, ana dasa nau’in tafarnuwa na hunturu a cikin ramuka har zuwa zurfin 10 cm. Nisa daga hakori zuwa saman shine 6 cm.
Don dacewa, ana yin alamar sharadi akan gadaje. Oktyabrina Ganichkina, sanannen lambun Rasha, yana bin sigogi masu zuwa:
- nisa tsakanin layuka shine 25-35 cm;
- tsakanin denticles ba kasa da 10 cm ba.
Ana dasa kusoshi a cikin ramukan da aka shirya a baya. Akwai yuwuwar samun haƙora ɗaya ko ɗaya manyan haƙora.
Ana aiwatar da dasa tafarnuwa a cikin hunturu a cikin yankin Moscow tare da kwararan fitila. Suna taimakawa wajen farfado da ƙasa da inganta iri. Dole ne a rarraba tsaba. Ana yin shuka ne da kansa a cikin ƙananan filayen ko amfani da mai shuka a cikin gadaje sama da hekta 10. Wajibi ne a dasa tsaba a zurfin 3-5 cm.
Cuidado
Bayan dasa shuki, tabbatar da kula da tafarnuwa yadda ya kamata
Shuka albasar hunturu suna jure wa hunturu da kyau. Godiya ga wannan, babu buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Wani lokaci ya isa takin ko shuka ƙasa tare da takin mai magani.
A cikin bazara bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, an cire ciyawa. Wannan hanya zai taimaka kayan lambu suyi girma da sauri. A farkon Yuli, kibiyoyi suna bayyana akan nau’in tafarnuwa masu dacewa. Suna karya lokacin da suka kai 10 cm ko fiye kuma suna hana tsarin girma. Idan ba a cire ba, kwararan fitila za su zama haske kuma hakora ƙanana.
Magani da rigakafin cututtuka
Tafarnuwa tana da kariya daga kwari da cututtukan fungal. Amma yana buƙatar ƙarfafawa da sarrafa ta ta hanyoyi na musamman. Masu lambu a cikin yankin Moscow suna amfani da zaɓuɓɓukan rigakafin rigakafi masu zuwa:
- Maganin manganese. Ana iya sanya kusoshi na yini ɗaya ko minti 30. Suna cike da abubuwan gina jiki. Bayan dasa kusoshi a cikin ƙasa.
- Maganin Saline. Ana narkar da cokali 3 na gishiri a cikin lita 5 na ruwa. Ana tafasa cakuda don kimanin mintuna 30 kuma a sanyaya. Aikace-aikace: maganin ƙusa.
- Itacen ash. 350-400 g na ash gauraye da 2 lita na ruwa. Kusan rabin sa’a ruwan ya tafasa sannan ya huce. Dole ne kayan dasa su kasance cikin mafita na akalla mintuna 30.
- Magani dangane da jan karfe sulfate. Dama da ruwa a cikin rabo na 10 l: 1 tsp.
Tabbatar kiyaye ma’auni da iyakokin lokaci. Wannan zai ƙara tasirin ayyukan.
ƙarshe
A cikin yankin Moscow, ana shuka tafarnuwa gabaɗaya a cikin hunturu. Kulawa mai kyau da yanayin yanayi mai kyau shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau. Mai lambu yana buƙatar ƙayyade wurin dasa shuki, tafarnuwa iri-iri. Shiri muhimmin mataki ne a aikin lambu, don haka dole ne a riga an riga an dasa cloves ko kwararan fitila a cikin wani bayani mai gina jiki.
Tafarnuwa tana da juriya ga cututtuka, kwari kuma tana saurin daidaita yanayin rayuwa. Ba ya buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai da suturar sama. Saboda daɗaɗɗen ɗanɗanon sa da ƙamshi mai daɗi, ana yawan amfani da shi wajen dafa abinci da magani.
