Shirya ƙasa don dasa tafarnuwa lamari ne mai alhakin masu lambu. Wannan amfanin gona ba makawa ne a kan teburinmu, saboda haka, wajibi ne a yi la’akari da duk abubuwan da yawan aiki ya dogara da su: ingancin kayan iri, shayarwa na yau da kullun, sutura, weeding da wurin da aka zaɓa. Kasar da aka shirya da kyau ita ce mabuɗin girbi mai kyau, don haka masu shuka kayan lambu suna ƙoƙarin yin la’akari da duk nuances kuma aiwatar da duk matakan shirye-shiryen su daidai da duk buƙatun.
Ana shirya ƙasa don tafarnuwa
Magabata masu falala
Ana fara shirya tafarnuwa don dasa shuki tare da tantance wurin. Kowace shekara kana buƙatar canza wurin al’ada, ɗaya kuma ɗaya shafin zai iya zama wuri mai zafi na yanayi da cututtuka daban-daban. Sabili da haka, an ba da shawarar kada a yi amfani da wurin bara – wannan rukunin yanar gizon zai dace kawai bayan shekaru 3-4.
Nagartattun magabata na shuka su ne:
- tsire-tsire na dangin kabewa,
- legumes (musamman Peas),
- kabeji mai launin fari da wuri,
- kayan lambu (salad),
- hunturu hatsin rai,
- farkon tushen amfanin gona.
Dole ne wurin ya kasance ba tare da tsire-tsire ba na ɗan lokaci, don ƙasar ta iya farfadowa don dasa tafarnuwa. Wannan al’adar tana da matukar buƙata, tana buƙatar haske mai kyau, kuma yana son sarari mai yawa. Idan babu isasshen sarari a cikin gidan ƙasa ko lambun bazara, to, ana iya dasa tsire-tsire tare da strawberries, cucumbers, black and ja currants, raspberries da currants. Tafarnuwa na iya ma kare wardi daga baƙar fata, kuma za ta kori kwari da yawa daga kanta.
Tips
Ba a ba da shawarar shuka amfanin gona a kusa da kabeji, Peas da wake, ba za su iya jurewa ba, saboda yana hana ci gaban su da ci gaban su. Abubuwan da ba su dace ba sune tsire-tsire na dangin nightshade da kwararan fitila. Shuka amfanin gona bayan albasa ba a ba da shawarar ba – tsire-tsire masu bulbous suna shafar kwari iri ɗaya, don haka gadon bayan su za’a iya amfani da shi kawai bayan ‘yan shekaru.
Zabi wuri
Kuna buƙatar shirya don shirya gonar don tafarnuwa a cikin fall Menene ƙasa don tafarnuwa zai kara yawan amfanin gona? Ƙasa tsaka tsaki na al’ada shine mafi kyawun zaɓi, yana girma da kyau kuma yana ba da ‘ya’ya akan irin wannan ƙasa. Ana ƙayyade acidity na ƙasa ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- weeds shaida high acidity: idan akwai da yawa (ayaba, horsetail, buttercup), sa’an nan mafi m acidity ya fi na al’ada.
- nettle, clover da filin creeper suna magana akan tsaka tsaki ko ƙasa mai ɗanɗano acidic,
Kuna iya ƙayyade acidity ta amfani da vinegar: idan kun zubar da ruwa kadan a ƙasa, yana zubar da kumfa, to yana iya zama al’ada. acidity, wato ya ƙunshi daidai adadin lemun tsami. Idan ba a gano lamba ba yayin hulɗar ƙasa-da-ƙasa, wannan zai nuna ƙarar acidity.
Yadda za a rage acidity na ƙasa
Taki ƙasa
Kasar gona tana da acidic don lokacin sanyi:
- farin allo,
- farin dolomite,
- calcium nitrate.
Rashin nitrogen yana haifar da bayyanar ganyen rawaya akan tsire-tsire, don haka ƙasa ta wadatar da wannan sinadari an fi amfani da takin Nitrogen a lokacin bazara kafin shuka hakora. Ana wanke takin da aka gabatar a cikin fall daga ƙasa, don haka wannan ba zai ba da wani sakamako ba.
Tafarnuwa ta hunturu tana ba da girbi mafi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai yashi ko yumbu. Wurin kwanaki 14 kafin shuka amfanin gona ya kamata a hankali a hako shi da zurfin zurfin 30 cm. Ga kowane m², an ƙara kilogiram 6 zuwa 7 na humus, ana ƙara kusan 25 g na superphosphates da 20 g na gishiri potassium. Ba a ba da shawarar takin ƙasa tare da sabon taki ba, tafarnuwa tana ƙin taki, musamman idan akwai mai yawa. Hakora da kwararan fitila suna kwance, tarwatse, rasa gabatarwa kuma an kiyaye su sosai. Har ila yau, a cikin taki za a iya samun larvae na daban-daban kwari, spores na fungal cututtuka, daban-daban cutarwa microorganisms.
Muna shirya makircin rana, wurin dole ne ya bushe, yawan zafi na yau da kullum zai iya haifar da rushewar tushen. Ƙananan yanki a cikin wuri mai zurfi bai dace ba, kamar yadda ruwan narke zai tattara a nan. Wani wuri mai tsayi kuma bai dace ba, iska za ta busa dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu, kuma wannan yana cike da daskarewa na amfanin gona.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa
Yankin da aka zaɓa yana zurfafa zurfafawa, ƙasa tana daidaita kuma ɗan ɗanɗano kaɗan. Nisa daga cikin gadaje shine 100 zuwa 110 cm. An gabatar da cube na yumbu na peat a kowace m² a cikin ƙasa yumbu don hunturu. A cikin ƙasa yumbu, ƙara 3 kilogiram na humus da takin, 1 tbsp. tablespoon na superphosphate da potassium sulfate, kazalika da 200 g na lemun tsami. Ana saka guga na lemun tsami a cikin peat, buckets 2 na yumbu da bokitin peat guda daya a cikin peat.
Bayan haka, ana kula da gado tare da maganin sulfate na jan karfe.
(1 tablespoon a kowace lita 10 na ruwa). Ga kowane m² ana amfani da lita 1 na maganin. Kafin dasa hakora, an rufe yankin tare da fim ko agrofiber. Haka ma duk ƙwararrun lambu.
Yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa spring
Ya kamata a dasa tsaba a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa warmed da rana. Ƙasa mai laushi ko ƙasa mai laushi ya fi kyau. An shirya wurin don hunturu, an gabatar da takin mai magani da abubuwan da suka dace don neutralization a cikin ƙasa. Ƙasar acidic tana raguwa ta hanyar amfani da lemun tsami. Don amfanin gona na bazara, mafi kyawun pH shine 7.0. Gadaje ba su da fadi, tare da tarnaƙi zuwa tarnaƙi. Bangarorin zasu taimaka riƙe danshi.
An haƙa ƙasa sosai kuma an kwance shi da rake. Ana shuka amfanin gona na bazara a cikin Afrilu, ƙasa kafin wannan ana bi da su tare da maganin gishiri (cokali 3 a kowace guga na ruwa). An dasa kwararan fitila ko cloves da ƙasa, an rufe ƙasa da ciyawa. Kayan katako, yashi ko sawdust sun dace da wannan.
Yadda ake shuka tafarnuwa hunturu
Amfanin amfanin gona yana samar da albarkatu masu yawa akan ƙasa mai yashi. Ana shuka hakora a cikin kaka, lokacin mafi kyau shine tsakiyar Oktoba. Har zuwa wannan lokaci, amfanin gona zai sami lokaci don yin tushe, amma har yanzu bai samar da harbe ba. Makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki, an haƙa wurin da zurfi kuma an ƙara humus (5-6 kg a kowace m²), 30 g na superphosphate da 20 g na gishiri potassium. A cikin bazara, za ku buƙaci kawai cire ciyawa da ciyawa, da kuma samar da al’ada tare da kulawa mai mahimmanci. Ma’aikatan lambu na farko sukan fuskanci matsala na rashin yawan aiki, wanda laifinsa shine shirye-shiryen wurin da bai dace ba.Ƙasa da aka shirya don tafarnuwa zai samar da girbi mai kyau a ƙarshen lokacin rani.
A kan gadaje tafarnuwa, yi layuka a nesa na 12-15 cm daga juna. Shirya tafarnuwa don dasa shuki ya haɗa da zaɓar kayan iri masu inganci da disinfecting cloves. An wargaje kan kan hakora kuma a shafe shi a cikin maganin 0,1% na potassium permanganate ko 1% jan karfe sulfate. Ya rage kawai don dasa tafarnuwa da rufe gado.
Shuka tafarnuwa cloves na hunturu tare da tukwici masu kaifi a zurfin matsakaici don kada su daskare. An lulluɓe gadon da sirara (5 cm) na peat ko sawdust. Daga sama, za ku iya yada ciyawa don kada ciyawa ba ya yada a lokacin iska. A cikin bazara, za ku buƙaci kawai cire ciyawa da ciyawa, da kuma samar da al’ada tare da kulawa mai mahimmanci. Masu aikin lambu na farko sau da yawa suna fuskantar matsalar ƙarancin aiki, wanda laifinsa shine shirye-shiryen wurin da bai dace ba. A cikin lokaci, ƙasa da aka shirya don tafarnuwa za ta ba da girbi mai kyau a ƙarshen lokacin rani.
