Me yasa tafarnuwa ke bushewa? –

Tafarnuwa baya buƙatar babban kulawa don haɓaka mai kyau da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Duk da haka, wani lokacin tafarnuwa, wanda kawai ya girma, yana bushewa.

Tafarnuwa tana bushewa

Abubuwan da ke haifar da chlorosis

Chlorosis (wanda ake so ix da desiccation) yana bayyana kamar a cikin hunturu, kuma a cikin bazara (bazara) tafarnuwa. chlorosis na saman ƙasa a lokacin girbi alama ce ta halitta kuma baya buƙatar sa baki. Yellowing a cikin bazara ko tsakiyar lokacin rani alama ce mai haɗari kuma tana nuna manyan matsalolin girma.

A mafi yawan lokuta, ƙarancin chlorophyll a cikin ganyayyaki ya fara rufe tip sannan kuma ya bazu zuwa sauran saman. Sakamakon rushewar tsarin photosynthesis, haɓaka tayi yana raguwa, wani lokacin yana tsayawa gaba ɗaya.

Me yasa ganyen tafarnuwa ya bushe ya zama rawaya:

• kamuwa da cuta ko kwari,
• rashin abinci mai gina jiki, micro da macroelements,
• ban ruwa,
• rage yanayin zafi.

Cututtukan tafarnuwa

Ga manyan cututtuka, waɗanda ke haifar da ci gaban chlorosis, sun haɗa da:

• Soft mold (peronosporosis). Wannan cuta ce ta fungal wacce tayin yayi jinkirin girma, ganyen ya zama rawaya da lahani. Cutar na faruwa ta hanyar rashin ingancin iri ko ragowar kwayoyin halitta, lokacin da shukar da abin ya shafa ya hadu da mai lafiya.
• Fusarium (kasa rot). Wannan mutuwa ce da sauri na ganye da tushen da naman gwari ke haifarwa. Ana rarraba shi da tsaba ko ƙasa.
• Rushewar ƙwayoyin cuta. Wannan wani rauni ne na kwayan cuta, wanda aka bayyana a gani a bayyanar launin ruwan kasa akan ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma mutuwar ganyen tafarnuwa, kibiyoyi, da mai tushe.

Mafi girman karuwa a cikin cuta yana faruwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi da zafi.

Shuka kwari

Mafi yawan nau’ikan kwari da ke haifar da yellowing amfanin gona sune:

• Tushen nematode. Wannan ita ce kwaro mafi hatsari ga tafarnuwa. Yana yaduwa ta cikin kayan shuka da ƙwai ya shafa kuma yana iya kasancewa cikin raye-rayen da aka dakatar har zuwa shekaru 8. Mafi kyawun yanayi don rayuwar kwari shine ƙasan yumbu tare da ƙarancin yanayin iska.
• Albasa tashi caterpillars. Wadannan kwari suna lalata gabobin ciyayi da gabobin tafarnuwa (tushen, harbe, harbe da inflorescences). Suna da haɗari musamman ga tsire-tsire masu rauni.

Rashin abinci mai gina jiki

Rashin abubuwan gano abubuwa mara kyau yana shafar tsire-tsire

Babban dalilin rashin abinci mai gina jiki ga amfanin gona shine rashi na nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, da boron:

• Nitrogen yana haɓaka cikakken girma da haɓakar tafarnuwa. Saboda ƙarancinsa, tsarin ciyayi yana ƙarewa da wuri, ‘ya’yan itacen sun kasance ƙanana, ganye suna rasa ƙarfin launi kuma sun bushe.
• Potassium ya zama dole don shuka don cikar abubuwan nitrogen da haɓaka lokacin hutun tayin. Rashinsa yana bayyana ta hanyar rawaya kuma ganye yana ƙone a gefen (ƙunƙarar iyaka a kusa da gefen).
• Phosphorus wajibi ne don tafarnuwa ta samar da ‘ya’yan itace da ƙarfafa tushen tsarin. Ana ƙayyade ƙarancin phosphorus ba kawai ta bushe ganye ba, har ma ta hanyar dakatar da ci gaban amfanin gona da rashin ci gaban tushen.
• Magnesium yana tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun na tafiyar matakai na rayuwa a cikin shuka, wanda ke shafar ci gaba da samuwar tsarin rigakafi. Idan wani abu ya ɓace, ganyen ya fara canza launi zuwa launin ruwan kasa sannan ya bushe gaba ɗaya.
• Boron yana inganta ci gaban shuka, idan akwai rashi, ganyen ya fara bushewa daga tsakiya zuwa gefuna.

Rashin ko wuce gona da iri

Tafarnuwa tana da ɗanɗano game da cika ƙasa da danshi. A gefe guda, a lokacin girma mai girma, ana samun babban buƙatun ruwa a cikin amfanin gona, wanda ya tsananta da tsarin tushen da ba a inganta shi ba da kuma ƙananan ƙarfin shayar da danshi. Wani abin da ke ƙara yawan buƙatun ruwa na shuka shine wurin da tushen tushen ke cikin saman yadudduka na ƙasa, waɗanda ke da saurin bushewa.

A daya bangaren kuma, ita ma tafarnuwa ba ta son zubar ruwa, tana da kula da ban ruwa da matakin ruwan karkashin kasa. A cikin yanayin zafi mai yawa, tsire-tsire ya zama ɗanɗano kuma yana haifar da tururi, ruɓewa, yada cuta da tashe.

Rage zafin jiki

Zazzabi don girma tafarnuwa shine 18-20 ° C. Ire-iren hunturu sun fi jure sanyi na ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma har ma a gare su, bayyanar sanyi na dogon lokaci yana da haɗari.

Ƙarƙashin bayyanar dogon lokaci zuwa ƙananan yanayin zafi, tsarin al’ada na photosynthesis yana rushewa kuma yana haifar da rashi na chlorophyll, wanda ke dakatar da ci gaban amfanin gona, rawaya, da mutuwar ganye.

Hanyoyin sarrafa chlorosis

Zaɓin hanyar da za a sarrafa bushewar ganye ya dogara da dalilin chlorosis:

• Idan cutar ta haifar da chlorosis, cire kawunan marasa lafiya da sauri.
• Idan akwai lalacewar kwari, tarin kwari na hannu zai taimaka a farkon mataki, da kuma amfani da maganin kwari ko girke-girke na jama’a a mataki na gaba.
• Idan akwai karancin abinci mai gina jiki, yin amfani da takin da ke dauke da su a kan lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Shuka yana taimakawa dawo da ciyawa (yayyafa) na ƙasa tare da kwayoyin halitta, ash ko urea tare da potassium sulfate.
• Idan ruwa ya wuce gona da iri, ana yayyafa ƙasa da humus ko peat don ɗaukar abin da ya wuce gona da iri. Ana ci gaba da shayar da tafarnuwa a cikin yanayin damina ko a -5 ° C, wanda ba za a iya yi ba: yawan danshi yana tarawa kuma yana haifar da ci gaban chlorosis da lalata.
• A cikin bushewar yanayi ba tare da hazo ba, tafarnuwa tana damshi nan da nan bayan ƙasa ta bushe. Don mafi kyawun musayar danshi, sassauta ƙasa bai kamata a yi watsi da su ba.
• Ana iya fallasa tafarnuwa ga sanyi idan an dasa shi da wuri ko kuma cikin yanayin yanayin da ba a saba gani ba (da sanyin bazara da fall). Kyakkyawan kariya daga seedlings daga mummunan tasirin ƙananan yanayin zafi shine mulching (ƙurar ƙasa) tare da faɗuwar ganyen kaka ko amfani da biostimulants.

Rigakafin faruwa

Matakan rigakafin da ke da nufin hana haɓakar chlorosis sun haɗa da:

• saduwa da lokacin shuka,
• amfani da kayan shuka mai inganci,
• dasa tafarnuwa a cikin gadaje masu tasowa don zubar da ruwa mai yawa da kuma hana shiga ruwan karkashin kasa,
• dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da aikace-aikacen riguna masu dacewa a kan lokaci;
• duba lokaci-lokaci na tsire-tsire don yiwuwar lalacewar mai ko alamun ci gaban cuta,
• saurin kawar da mutanen da abin ya shafa da ragowar shuka,
• haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin ban ruwa na tafarnuwa,
• kiyaye kalandar yanayin yanayi da hasashen yanayi na duk lokacin ciyayi (yana ba ku damar yanke shawara game da amfanin lokacin shuka, buƙatar mulching, gina matsuguni da canje-canje a cikin tsarin ban ruwa).

ƙarshe

Yin rawaya da bushewar tafarnuwa yana haifar da dalilai da yawa, daga kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa da kwari zuwa kwari a cikin Ode, yanayin yanayi mara kyau da rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Idan tafarnuwa mai tushe ya bushe kuma ya bushe, matakin gaggawa ya zama dole har sai girma ya daina gaba daya kuma amfanin gona ya mutu.