Wannan shuka ce mai ban mamaki (Coffea) – ƙaramin bishiyar da ba a taɓa gani ba ko babban shrub. Ganyen itacen kofi na fata ne, kore mai duhu. Ana samun furanni masu daɗi a hammata. Suna kama da furanni jasmine, amma ya fi girma. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ja ne ko bluish baki, girman ceri, ɗan elongated.
Kafe (Kofi). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com H. Zell
Tsarin kofi ya ƙunshi nau’ikan tsire-tsire na daji kusan 50 a Afirka masu zafi, Madagascar, da tsibiran Mascarene. Ana shuka nau’ikan kofi a cikin yankuna masu zafi na Amurka, Afirka da Asiya. Masoyan aikin lambu na ado na cikin gida galibi suna girma kofi na Larabci, ƙasa da ƙasa na Laberiya da na Brazil.
Ana yada itacen kofi ta hanyar iri da yaduwa ta ciyayi (yanke)… Ana tambayar tambaya sau da yawa: shin zai yiwu a shuka kofi daga koren wake da aka sayar a cikin kantin sayar da? A’a, ba za ku iya ba. Ba za su iya girma ba. Kwayoyin itatuwan kofi gabaɗaya suna rasa haɓakarsu da sauri.
Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa tsire-tsire da aka samu daga yankan suna haɓaka mafi kyau da sauri idan aka kwatanta da samfuran da aka girma daga hatsi. Don rooting, muna amfani da rassan apical tare da nau’i biyu na ganye masu adawa. Muna yin ƙananan yanke a kan rike da obliquely, 2 cm a ƙasa da farkon biyu na ganye. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa shine kamar haka: sassa 2 na yashi kogin da kashi 1 na ƙasa mai ganye.
Don ingantacciyar tushen tushen, kafin dasa shuki, ana kiyaye ƙananan ƙarshen yankan na tsawon sa’o’i 5-8 a cikin maganin heteroauxin (kwal ɗin kwata na 200 g na ruwa). Yayyafa yankan kasa da toka na itace kafin dasa shuki don guje wa yuwuwar yanke rube. Saka kara a hankali a cikin substrate tare da yatsu biyu har zuwa farkon ganye biyu kuma a rufe da gilashin gilashi. Bayan wata daya, calluses suna tasowa akan yankan yankan a cikin ƙasa, kuma bayan wata daya da rabi, tushen ya bayyana.
Ku cafeto. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Tauʻolunga
Fasahar aikin gona na shuka itacen kofi yayi kama da na ciyawar citrus da ake girma a cikin gida.… Muna dasa tushen tushe a cikin tukunyar diamita na 9-12 cm, sanya tukunyar a ƙasa tare da gefen gefen sama, kuma ƙara 1-1,5 cm na yashi kogin. A abun da ke ciki na gina jiki substrate: 2 sassa na greenhouse ƙasa, 1 part na ciyawa da kuma 1 part na wanke kogin yashi. Yana da taimako don ƙara tokar itace a cikin ƙasa (zai fi dacewa ash bishiyar itace). Wannan yana hana ƙarancin potassium.
Kada a binne yankan sosai don kada tushen abin wuya ya lalace kuma tsire-tsire ba su mutu ba. Tun da tushen shuka yana haɗuwa da dunƙule na ƙasa, muna dasa shi cikin babban akwati, yana ƙara diamita ta 2-3 cm. A zahiri ba ma canza fasalin ƙasa, kawai muna ƙara shavings na ƙaho zuwa gaurayar ƙasa. Wannan yana inganta flowering da fruiting.
Tsarin lignification na gangar jikin da rassan itacen kofi yana da mahimmanci. Na farko, launin ruwan kasa spots bayyana a kan matasa kore kara na seedling, a gaskiya, unsightly bayyanar. Idan irin wadannan tabo sun fito a kan shukar citrus, a ce tana mutuwa. A cikin kofi, waɗannan aibobi, waɗanda ba da daɗewa ba suka haɗu, suna haskakawa, haushi mai haske mai haske na itacen kofi ya bayyana.
Ana dasa tsire-tsire matasa har zuwa shekaru uku a shekara, kuma manya – bayan shekaru 2-3.… Muna haɓaka girman tsohuwar jita-jita na bishiyar da 5-6 cm a lokaci guda.Ya dace don shuka manyan shuke-shuke a cikin bututun katako (wanda aka yi da allunan spruce) a cikin siffar jujjuyawar prism. Muna kona banun da ke ciki tare da hura wuta don kada itacen da ke cikin wannan yanayin ya kara rubewa.
Kofi (kofi). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Fernando Rebelo
Itacen kofi ba shi da lokacin barci mai faɗi, don haka, Domin shuka ya girma, yayi girma kuma ya ba da ‘ya’ya a cikin shekara, dole ne a ci gaba da ciyar da shi kowane kwanaki 10: 1,10, 20 da 5, bi da bi, bada 7 g na nitrogen, 1 g na phosphorus, 7 g na potassium da 1 g. g na abubuwan gano kowane. lita na ruwa, bi da bi… A matsayin taki na nitrogen muna amfani da takin kaji, wanda muke tsomawa a cikin ruwa kuma mu adana har sai ya cika. Lokacin da babu wani wari mai zafi kuma babu kumfa gas ya fara fitowa (ma’ana cewa duk kwayoyin halitta sun lalace), maganin yana shirye don amfani. Muna tsoma shi sau uku da ruwa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa takin kaji shine takin nitrogen mafi karfi kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da shi tare da kulawa.
Muna ɗaukar maganin superphosphate a matsayin kari na phosphorus. Zuba superphosphate granules a cikin ruwan da aka daidaita da motsawa, dumama maganin (don mafi kyawun narkewa) zuwa zazzabi na 50 ° C.
A pimp. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Marcelo Corrêa
Za a iya samun ƙarin ƙarin potassium mai kyau daga tsantsar toka. Don yin wannan, bambaro ash (ya ƙunshi har zuwa 46% potassium) dole ne a motsa shi a cikin ruwan dumi. Bayan tsayawa na kwana ɗaya, maganin potassium yana shirye don amfani.
Itacen kofi, kamar kowace shuka, yana buƙatar sauran abubuwa (calcium, boron, manganese, iron, da dai sauransu). Don yin wannan, yana da kyau a ɗauki cakuda takin Riga nau’in B, muna shirya shi kamar yadda ake shirya superphosphate.
Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa tun da itacen kofi na asali ne a wurare masu zafi, yana buƙatar haskoki masu zafi na rana a duk shekara. A gaskiya, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Ko da a gida, a cikin gonaki da ke kusa da bishiyar kofi, ana shuka tsire-tsire masu inuwa guda huɗu na nau’ikan nau’ikan daban-daban. A yankin mu, kofi dole ne a ajiye a gida a cikin tagogin da ke fuskantar kudu ko kudu maso gabas.… Duk wata rana da ta kalle su a lokacin rani ba zai yi mummunar tasiri ga ci gaban shuka ba. Yana da wuya a samar da isasshen haske a kan ranakun gajimare da duhu, a cikin kaka da hunturu. Don yin wannan, muna haskaka tsire-tsire daga Nuwamba 1 zuwa Maris 1 tare da fitila mai kyalli.
A cikin hunturu da kaka, ana kiyaye shuka a cikin isasshen zafin jiki (18-22 Muna shayarwa a wannan lokacin yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. A cikin shekara, zaku iya amfani da ruwan famfo mai gudana, wanda aka riga aka shirya don kwana ɗaya.
A lokacin rani, itacen kofi baya jin tsoron zafi.… Duk da haka, dakin dole ne a yi iska sau da yawa tare da tebur fan na al’ada da kuma watering na shuka dole ne a ninka sau biyu.
Ku cafeto. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Frank C. Müller
Itacen kofi baya buƙatar samar da kambi. Da farko, seedling kawai ke tsiro zuwa sama. A cikin shekara ta biyu na rayuwa, ta gefen axillary buds tada, kwarangwal rassan fara girma. Tsarin bishiyar kofi yayi kama da itacen fir: madaidaiciya madaidaiciya madaidaiciya da rassan kwance waɗanda ke samansa. Lokacin da dogon gefen harbe ya bayyana, an yanke su don haka kambi ya zama mai yawa kuma an samar da ƙarin buds.
Yawancin masu sha’awar sha’awa suna korafin cewa ganyen suna yin launin ruwan kasa. Wannan shi ne na hali don kulawa na cikin gida tare da ƙarancin iska a cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu. Duk da haka, wannan ba cuta ba ce. Kuma idan an sanya shuka a cikin tukunya mai fadi, marar zurfi tare da ruwa, za a samar da mafi kyawun microclimate.
A cikin shekara ta uku na rayuwa, kore “tendrils” sun bayyana a cikin axils na ganye. Wani lokaci suna iya rikicewa tare da harbe-harbe. Zai ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan kuma tukwici na waɗannan eriya za su zama fari. Waɗannan su ne buds. An kafa su a cikin sinuses a cikin cikakke daure (3-4 zuwa 10-15).
Bayan kamar wata guda, harbe sun buɗe. Rayuwar furen kofi ta takaice: bayan kwanaki 1-2 ya ɓace. Daga ƙasa, pedicel ya fara girma kuma ya zama ovary na tayin nan gaba.
Kofi (kofi). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Forest da Kim Starr
A cikin dakin, har ma a cikin hunturu, furanni suna bayyana daga lokaci zuwa lokaci. A cikin lambun gida, wake na kofi yana girma a daidai lokacin da lemun tsami da tangerines. (watanni 6-8). Da farko, ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna kore, kusa da bazara (zuwa ƙarshen Fabrairu) sun fara samun farar fata, sannan su juya ja. Wannan yana nufin cewa lokacin ripening yana gabatowa. Muna da ‘ya’yan itatuwa 70-90 akan bishiyar mai shekaru uku, wato, hatsi 140-180. Ana iya amfani da su don shirya abin sha na tonic da aka saba.
Muna tsaftace hatsi daga husk wanda ya haɗa su kuma ya bushe su a cikin tanda a zazzabi na 70-80 sannan kuma kwanaki 10 akan takarda. Muna soya wake a cikin kwanon rufi, kamar chestnuts ko sunflower tsaba. Idan sun yi launin ruwan kasa, sai su koma launin ruwan kasa. An san ƙarin tsari don yin kofi. Duk da haka, lokacin da kake shirya wake na kofi bayan ka nika su, ya kamata a lura cewa abun ciki na maganin kafeyin a cikin wake da aka samu shine sau 3-4 fiye da wanda aka saya. An haramta wa masu ciwon zuciya su sha irin wannan kofi.
Ina so in ce shuka itacen kofi don ‘ya’yan itace kawai aiki ne marar godiya. Amma ga masu son yanayi, sabon mai zuwa daga wurare masu nisa zai kawo mintuna masu ban sha’awa da yawa, taimaka musu su fahimci rayuwar shuka.
