An danganta amfanin gonakin Heather a al’ada tare da kyawawan shimfidar lambuna kuma kusan ba a san su da tsiron gida ba. A halin yanzu, a cikin noman daki ne wani wakilin heather mai ban mamaki, Erica, wanda sau da yawa yakan yi kuskure ga heather na gaske, har ma a gida, ya bayyana furenta a sabuwar hanya. Kyawawan palette ja na inflorescences da ba a taɓa gani ba da ciyawar da ba ta dace ba ta sanya wannan tsiron ya zama ɗan soloist ɗin da ba ya kama da shi. Erika ana girma a al’ada a matsayin tsire-tsire na lokacin sanyi, kuma ana watsar da shi bayan fure ya cika. Amma a cikin waɗannan dogon watanni, lokacin da bushes ba tare da gajiyawa ba suna sauke sabbin inflorescences kuma suna kama da bouquet mai rai, babu daidai da wannan, kyakkyawa mai ban sha’awa.
Erica mai ganye
Abun ciki:
“Heather” na cikin gida da kyawunta mai kyan gani
Wakilan jinsi Eric (Erica), wanda a cikin yanayi ana la’akari da kayan ado mai ban mamaki na Scandinavian da Biritaniya kuma an san su musamman don kyawawan moors, suna iya mamakin bambancin su. A cikin jinsin Eric, wanda ke cikin dangin sunan guda, akwai nau’ikan tsire-tsire sama da ɗari biyar. Kuma ko da yake mafi yawansu har yanzu tsire-tsire ne na daji waɗanda ba a shigar da su cikin al’adun lambu ba, kuma mafi shaharar erikas sune tsire-tsire na lambu, har yanzu akwai nau’ikan nau’ikan ɗari biyar da waɗanda ba za su ƙi girma a matsayin shuka ɗaya ba. . Gaskiya heather (Calluna) Hakanan ana girma a cikin noman ɗaki, amma kulawar su yana buƙatar ɗan ƙayyadaddun tsari kuma ya kamata shuka ya kasance a waje don yawancin shekara.
A matsayin tsire-tsire na cikin gida, nau’ikan Erica guda biyu ne kawai, amma waɗanda ba za a iya kwatanta su ba: Erica Herbosa (Erica mai ganye), wanda ke da nau’ikan ban sha’awa da yawa tare da launukan inflorescence daban-daban da ƙarancin kyan gani, amma kuma ƙasa da ban mamaki. na gode Erika (Erica gracilis). Dukansu tsire-tsire suna da kamanceceniya da yawa a cikin nau’in fure, girman da tsarin shrubs. Bugu da ƙari kuma, kusan dukkanin samfurori a kasuwar zamani sune nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) kuma ainihin asalin su wani lokacin ba shi da sauƙin ganewa. Kuma nau’in tsiro yakan rikice da juna ana sayar da su da sunan juna. Amma har yanzu zaka iya bambanta ciyawa Erica daga mai kyau: a cikin farko, ana fentin furanni kawai a cikin ruwan hoda ko ja, a cikin na biyu – a cikin inuwa mai ruwan hoda-lilac-purple. Duk abin da ke cikin tsire-tsire yana kama da juna.
A halin yanzu suna yin gwaji tare da wasu nau’ikan eric a cikin Yamma, suna ƙoƙarin haɓaka kewayon waɗannan tsire-tsire a cikin wakilcin cikin gida, amma babu ambaton wani sanannen “nasara” a cikin sauran nau’ikan magana. A kan siyarwa a yau ana samun wasu lokuta Erica Wilmore (Erica x willmorei) tare da dogayen karrarawa na furanni har zuwa 2 cm tsayi kuma suna girma cikin siffar daji mai siffar zobe Kumbura Erica (Erica ventricosa), amma suna da wuya.
A kan bayanin kula. Idan kuna da kwafin sauran nau’in eric ko heather a cikin lambun ku, zaku iya gwada girma su azaman tsire-tsire ta hanyar amfani da hanyar yankan kuma ba canja wurin shuke-shuken bayan tushen don buɗe ƙasa, amma sake dasa su a cikin tukunya da daidaita su zuwa yanayin cikin gida. na karami. Waɗannan tsire-tsire ne masu girma don gwaji da su.
Hoton Erica Gracilis
Eriks na cikin gida ba su da girma kuma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsayi, matsakaicin tsayinsa bai wuce rabin mita ba, kuma galibi ana iyakance shi zuwa 40 cm. Diamita na bushes koyaushe ya wuce tsayin su, a cikin lafiya da samfuran ƙarfi zai iya kaiwa 60 cm ko fiye. Wadannan shrubs suna girma akai-akai kuma, idan sun girma a matsayin perennials, suna buƙatar manyan kwantena ko tazarar lokaci. Harshen Erik suna tsaye, rassa masu yawa, suna kafa kambi mai yawa. Ganyayyaki suna da kama da duk mai zafi, abin mamaki ƙanana, matsakaici mai wadata zuwa haske zuwa duhu kore a launi, nau’in allura, tsararru mai yawa, ƙirƙirar nau’in kambi na musamman.
Amma duk da kyawawan kayan lambu, furanni har yanzu shine mafi kyawun fasalin eriks na cikin gida, kamar takwarorinsu na lambu. Inflorescences mai tsayi, tseren tsere ko karu mai kauri, wanda ya ƙunshi nau’in kararrawa, sau da yawa kusan nau’in sikeli, ƙaramin ƙarami, furanni masu launin furanni, suna cin nasara duka tare da palette mai launi mai ban mamaki kuma tare da ikon samar da inflorescences a cikin adadi mai yawa. Ƙananan furanni a cikin inflorescences masu yawa sun dace da ƙananan ganye. A lokacin furanni, bushes suna da yawa an rufe su da inflorescences wanda ya zama tabo mai launi ɗaya kawai (da rubutu).
Iriks na cikin gida bisa ga al’ada suna fure a jajibirin hunturu ko farkon kuma suna nuna furanni har zuwa bazara. A wannan lokacin, kyawawan launuka masu launin ja – ruwan hoda, lilac, furanni masu launin shuɗi – ba su da ban mamaki kuma na musamman, ba a samun su a cikin kowane shuka, sai dai ga heather, ko kyawawan furanni masu fure-fure na Erica kamar hangen nesa ne. ban mamaki da baki na gaskiya a cikin gida.
Don samun nasara wajen girma Erica a cikin gida a matsayin perennials, ya isa a kiyaye su sabo. Wannan shi ne babban kuma ainihin abin da ake buƙata na waɗannan tsire-tsire, amma nisa daga ɗaya kaɗai. Eric da wuya a iya kiransa amfanin gona mai sauƙin girma, wannan shuka ya dace da ƙwararrun masu shuka waɗanda ke shirye don matsaloli, waɗanda ke da ikon samar da wannan kyakkyawa mai kyau tare da kulawa ta musamman da yanayin tsarewa. Wannan tsire-tsire don masu ba da labari ne waɗanda ke neman lafazin asali na asali da mafita marasa daidaituwa. Duk matsalolin da ke cikin girma Erica sun fi dacewa da kyawunta. A yau, ana la’akari da daya daga cikin shuke-shuken hunturu masu ban sha’awa da kuma gaye. Amma yanzu mun fara kallonsa sosai, kuma ba za a iya samun tsire-tsire masu fure don siyarwa kawai don kula da cikin gida ba sau da yawa.
Haɗin gwiwar Erica
Dabarun girma na Erica
Bayan fure, ana watsar da ericas akai-akai. Amma yin hakan ba lallai ba ne kawai, har ma kuskure ne. Shuka na iya zama:
- canja wurin zuwa lambun, shuka a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa, sa’an nan kuma samar da tsari don hunturu na farko (ko ba shi ga abokai da maƙwabta don shuka a cikin ƙasa);
- kai zuwa gonar ka ajiye don furen hunturu a cikin greenhouse ko komawa cikin ɗakin kwana;
- yana tsiro a matsayin tsire-tsire na cikin gida na dindindin, yana sa ido kan shukar a lokacin rani da zabar yanayin sanyi don hunturu.
Kula da Erica a gida
Girma a matsayin shekara-shekara yana buƙatar gwaji da hankali, kamar yadda tsire-tsire yakan yi halin rashin tabbas. Amma ga masu shuka furanni da masu lambu waɗanda ke son ayyuka masu wahala, Erica ya shirya abubuwan jin daɗi da yawa.
Haske don Erica
Hasken haske don Erica yana da sauƙin zaɓar. Idan tsire-tsire suna cikin ɗakunan dakuna ko kowane ɗaki a cikin gidan, to, Eriks ya kamata ya ba da wuri na rana (idan zai yiwu, to, tare da kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye a tsakar rana a lokacin rani), matsakaicin yiwuwar haske mai haske . Idan Erica an sanya shi a baranda, loggia ko fitar da shi a cikin iska a lokacin rani, to, wurin wannan al’ada ya kamata ya zama inuwa. Haske mai haske yana bushewa da sauri kuma shuka ya zama mai saurin kamuwa da kwari da cututtuka.
Zazzabi mai dadi
Ana ɗaukar zaɓen zafin jiki mai daɗi ga Erica aiki ne mai wahala. Don fure, wannan shuka ya dace da yanayin zafin iska har zuwa digiri Celsius 15, yayin da Erica ke yin kyau a cikin ɗakuna masu dumi, idan akwai iska mai kyau da haske mai kyau: ana samun sauƙin rama yanayin zafi mai girma ta hanyar haɓakar yanayin iska. Ana iya ganin furanni mafi tsayi na wannan daji a zazzabi na digiri 7-8 a kan loggia mai sanyi ko baranda, a yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 15, furen yana raguwa da makonni da yawa.
A lokacin rani, a lokacin hutawa, wannan kyakkyawa yana jin dadi sosai a kusan kowane yanayi, har ma da zafi, amma tare da “amma”: ba shi da kula da yanayin zafi kawai lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa sararin samaniya. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a gida, Erica har yanzu yana son sanyi ko ƙarancin zafin jiki kamar yadda zai yiwu (digiri 18-20). A ƙarshen kaka, don tayar da furanni, Erica ya kamata a sanya shi a cikin wuri mai sanyi (digiri 5-10), zaku iya fara kan titi lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi, amma har yanzu kuna buƙatar saka idanu akan yanayin kuma kar ma ku ƙyale alamar ” zero«. .
Don wannan shuka, yana da matukar mahimmanci don samar da iskar iska akai-akai, samun damar samun iska mai kyau, da kuma kewayar iska kyauta a kusa da kambi. Ba kasafai ake nunawa Erica tare da wasu tsire-tsire ba, yana buƙatar keɓantaccen wuri kuma kyauta. Ana iya kiyaye shi a waje yayin lokacin dumi kuma yana jin daɗi akan baranda da terraces.
Kungiyar Erika ta dasa a cikin tukwane
Ban ruwa da iska zafi
Wannan shuka yana buƙatar yawan shayarwa, daga cikin abin da kawai ƙasa mafi girma a cikin tukwane ya kamata a bushe. Yana da mahimmanci Erica ya kiyaye danshi na ƙasa. Amma a lokaci guda, fari ba zai cutar da daji ba kwata-kwata, ko da yake za su yi mummunan tasiri a kan tsananin furanni. Idan an yi kurakurai na watering, substrate ɗin ya bushe sosai, to yana da kyau a cika tukunyar ƙasa ta hanyar nutsar da tukunyar tare da shuka a cikin akwati da aka cika da ruwan dumi mai laushi har sai kumfa ya daina bayyana, sannan barin wuce gona da iri magudana gaba daya. . Ruwan da ke cikin tiren Erica bai kamata a bar shi ya tsaya ba. Idan Erica ya fallasa ga sanyi, dole ne a kula da shayarwa sosai, amma har yanzu kula da danshi a cikin ƙasa.
Mafi girman yanayin iska, mafi yawan buƙatun wannan amfanin gona shine dangane da yanayin iska. Lokacin da aka yi sanyi, Erica na iya gamsuwa da yanayin bushewa. Idan alamun sun wuce digiri 15, ya kamata a ƙara yawan zafi zuwa 60%. Mafi kyawun dabarun wannan shrub shine sanya masu humidifiers gefe da gefe ko sanya tukunyar a cikin kwantena cike da rigar peat, dutse, gansakuka, yumbu mai faɗi, ko ƙasa mai ado. A wannan yanayin, kasan akwati tare da Erica bai kamata ya taɓa ruwa a kowane hali ba. Ba a so a fesa wannan daji a cikin lokacin fure. Idan Erica bai yi fure ba tukuna ko kuma idan kuna da ikon yin fesa a hankali, jika ganyen ganye kawai, to waɗannan hanyoyin za su yi mata daɗi sosai.
Erica yana ƙin shafa ganye; Kuma duk wani nau’i na shawa ko wankewa, ko da shuka ya kamu da cututtuka ko kwari, ba za a iya yi ba. Kada a yi amfani da goge-goge da ganye daban-daban na fesawa akan wannan shrub.
Tufafi don Erica
Ana amfani da takin mai magani don wannan shuka tare da mitar daidaitaccen lokacin lokacin furanni. Sau ɗaya kowane mako 2-3, daidaitaccen adadin takin mai hadadden ruwa na musamman wanda masana’anta suka ba da shawarar don rhododendrons ko wasu tsire-tsire waɗanda suka fi son yanayin acidic ana ƙara su cikin ruwan ban ruwa.
Hoton Erica Gracilis
Erica pruning
Don haka, Erica baya buƙatar tsatsa mai tsari. Itacen itacen dabino yana tasowa zuwa wani tsiro mai ƙaƙƙarfan kambi mai ƙaƙƙarfan kambi, koyaushe yana faɗaɗa faɗinsa. Amma shuka yana buƙatar tsaftacewa. Gaskiya ne cewa kowane furanni waɗanda suka bushe a cikin inflorescences ba dole ba ne a cire su ko cire su. Ya isa a juya tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci kuma girgiza su kadan don busassun furanni su fadi kuma zaku iya cire su. Bayan fure, an yanke Erica a peduncles ko ƙasa kaɗan. An fi kyau cire rassan rassan da suka lalace, crumbling ko busassun su nan da nan.
Dasawa da substrate
Duk da cewa Erica galibi ana watsar da shi bayan fure, yana yiwuwa a kiyaye shi azaman perennial, a cikin wannan yanayin zai buƙaci dashi. Da zarar furen ya cika, ana iya dasa shi zuwa lambun a budadden ƙasa ko kuma a tura shi zuwa sabuwar tukunya. Lokacin dasawa ba shi da mahimmanci ga Erica: za ku iya yin shi nan da nan bayan pruning, ko kuma za ku iya yin shi, kawai a farkon bazara, lokacin da yanayin ya kasance barga da dumi kuma lokacin hasken rana ya fara karuwa.
Abu ne mai sauqi ka zabar ma’auni don Eric. Dole ne ya zama acidic, ya ƙunshi galibi na peat ko ya zama peat mai tsabta, ya kasance mai kauri, mai yawa sosai. Erica yana amsa da kyau ga rhododendron substrates, cakuda sassa daidai gwargwado, ƙasa peat, humus, da yashi.
Hanyar dasawa don wannan shuka ba gaba ɗaya ba ce. Yana da kyau a dauki Eric, ajiye dunƙule na ƙasa a kusa da tushen. Ana sanya tsaka-tsakin magudanar ruwa a ƙasan tanki. Amma a lokacin dasawa, ba a bar ƙasa a kwance ba, amma tana daɗaɗawa sosai akan tushen, ƙirƙirar ƙasa mai yawa wanda ke tallafawa daji daidai.
Erica cututtuka da kwari.
Da kyar za a iya kiran Eric tsiron cikin gida mara lahani. A cikin daki na noma, musamman idan babu ci gaba da samun iska da samun iska mai kyau, sau da yawa yana fama da kwari. Mites da sikelin kwari suna da haɗari musamman ga shuka. Yana da wahala a wanke wannan shuka, kuma waɗannan hanyoyin galibi suna lalata, saboda haka yana da kyau a magance matsalar nan da nan tare da shirye-shiryen kwari. Tabbas, ya kamata ku ma manta game da buƙatar kula da babban zafi na iska.
Matsalolin gama gari a cikin girma Erica:
- ganyen da ke fadowa lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe;
- bushewar harbe a cikin yanayi mai zafi da rashin jin daɗi;
- rashin fure a cikin zafi.
Erica a cikin mai shuka kayan ado
Haihuwar Erica
Wannan ba kasafai ba, amma kyakkyawa, shrub na cikin gida galibi ana yada shi ta hanyoyin ciyayi. Za’a iya samun sabbin bishiyoyin erica daga duka yankan da kuma tushen tushen.
Don samun Layer, ya isa ya tono cikin ƙasa kuma gyara ƙarfin harbi na Erica tare da cokali mai yatsa, jira shi ya samo tushe, sa’an nan kuma raba shi daga daji na uwa a matsayin tsire-tsire mai zaman kanta. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau a gyara harbe a cikin ƙasa a lokacin bazara, kuma ba a lokacin rani ko kaka ba.
Kuma grafting wannan shuka ne quite sauki. A cikin daji, kawai tukwici na harbe marasa fure suna yanke, yawanci ta zaɓar rassan rassan a ƙarshen lokacin rani da yanke tukwici 7 zuwa 10 cm tsayi. Ana aiwatar da rooting bayan jiyya tare da abubuwan haɓaka girma a cikin cakuda peat da yashi (rabo – 2 zuwa 1). Wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa yankan Erica sabo ne, a yanayin zafi na 5-15 digiri Celsius kuma ba mafi girma ba, yana da mahimmanci don kula da damshin ƙasa akai-akai. Amma ba lallai ba ne don rufe yankan tare da murfi, amma yana da kyawawa don sauƙaƙe kulawa.
Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanya mafi sauƙi: raba manyan bushes zuwa ƙananan 2-3 yayin dasawa.
Hanyar iri kuma ta dace. Ana shuka tsaba Erika a cikin peat substrate, an rufe shi da gilashi ko fim, germinated a cikin zafi, amma nan da nan bayan bayyanar seedlings, ana canza kwantena zuwa sanyi.
