Daga cikin orchids, Cymbidium ya yi fice don furanni da ƙamshi da ba a saba gani ba. Domin Cymbidium orchid ya yi girma, yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau. A cikin yanayi, furen yana samuwa a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Asiya, arewacin Ostiraliya. Masanin falsafa na kasar Sin Confucius ne ya fara ambata shi shekaru 2000 da suka wuce kuma ya kira furen sarkin kamshi.
Cymbidium orchid girma
Bayanin iri-iri
Cymbidium (wani suna shine cym ko Mechellifolia) nasa ne daga zuriyar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, dangin Orchidaceae. Furen yana da kusan 50 tsayi da ƙananan nau’in. Masu kiwo sun haifar da matasan Cymbidium, wanda ya haɗa da dubban nau’in jinsin.
Tushen furen yana elongated. A cikinsa akwai nau’ikan pseudobulbs da yawa waɗanda aka tattara daga daji. Sun kai diamita na cm 15 (katuwar iri-iri) ganyen fata ne, lebur, siffa mai siffa ko ƙulli a cikin inuwar kore.
Cymbidium orchid, wanda ke fure tsawon watanni 1.5-3, baya haifar da sabbin ganye a wannan lokacin. Yanke reshen Cymbidium yana kashe har zuwa wata guda. Furen yana fitowa kuma ya fara fure a cikin shekaru 3 kuma ya kai 1,5 m a cikin nau’in tsayi. Inflorescences suna da furanni 10 ko fiye masu kamshi masu girma dabam, dangane da sunan iri-iri. Kwakwal tana buɗewa a hankali. Fari ne, rawaya, rawaya mai kore, ja, ruwan hoda, ruwan kasa, shunayya. Sickle petals. Leben trilobed, rawaya, lilac. Har ila yau, launi ja, launin ruwan kasa, baki, dangane da sake zagayowar iri-iri.
Ana samar da tsaba Orchid a cikin akwati bayan fure. Daya tsiro yana bada har zuwa miliyan 4. Suna kama da kura.
Al’adu
Cymbidium yana rayuwa a cikin gidan ku na shekaru 4-5. Ana shuka nau’ikan orchid na Cymbidium masu zuwa: dwarf, hauren giwa, mecatyl, aloe-elite, mai gani, lanceolate, Deya, Tracy.
Daga cikin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in Cymbidium orchid, nau’ikan sune rawaya (orange), ampel mini cora, icefall, ja (ja).
Shiri don dasa shuki
Na farko, shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki. Cym yana buƙatar ƙasa ta musamman: substrate. A cikin ƙasa na yau da kullun, yana tsiro mara kyau kuma baya yin fure. Kuna buƙatar ƙasa mai nauyi, mai tsananin ruwa. Cakuda cakuda acidic tare da haushi na coniferous sun dace.
Nasa haushi na substrate an shirya yafi waɗanda suka riga sun sami gogewa. Hanyar ita ce ta gaba:
- Ana duba babban sashi, ana cire datti, Layer na ciki,
- yana wanke kansa daga wuraren da kwari suka lalace,
- Ana murƙushe injin yankan zuwa matsakaicin guda har zuwa cm 2.
Ana kashe bawon ko kuma a tafasa shi a cikin ruwan wanka a bar shi ya bushe. An haɗu da abu tare da gansakuka sphagnum, leaf ƙasa, gawayi, perlite. Manufa da rabo na 3: 2: 1: 1: 1. Ana tabbatar da yawa kamar haka: ta hanyar da aka gama a cikin daƙiƙa 10. dole ne ruwan yana zubewa.
Saukowa
Furen yana girma a cikin tukunya mai faɗi
Itacen Cymbidium yana buƙatar dasa shi a cikin tukunyar da ta fi faɗi, da zaran tushen sa ya daina shiga tsohuwar.
An dasa Cym mafi kyau a cikin bazara. An zaɓi wurin mai haske, amma ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Yana kama da sill ɗin taga tare da radiator a kashe a ƙasa, ko veranda. Dakin ya kamata a shayar da shi, amma ba tare da zane ba.
Tsaba
Cymbidium haifuwa ta iri yana alama da ƙarancin rayuwa, kamar yadda bayanai suka nuna, amma magoya bayan Cymbidium sun san yadda ake shuka fure daga iri. Kwarewar sirri na masu shuka orchid kamar S. Lisitsky ya nuna cewa yana da kyau don shuka Cymbidium daga iri a gida.
Don yin wannan, shirya jita-jita tare da murfi masu dacewa, inda aka shirya shuka tsaba. An haifuwa.
Na gaba, shirya broth Knudson don tsaba. Ana zubar da maganin a cikin wanka na ruwa har sai da santsi, ƙara kayan da ake bukata bisa ga girke-girke. Matsakaici ya kamata ya sami pH na 4.8-5.2.
Zuba broth a cikin kwantena na shuka, wanda nan da nan ya rufe murfi. Ana haifuwar kwalabe tare da bayani akan tankin tukunyar sanyi. Ana adana su a cikin firiji don watanni 3-5.
Ana kashe tsaba Cymbidium orchid a cikin ruwan lemun tsami na minti 10, sannan a gauraye. Bayan wannan lokaci, ana shuka shuka. A cikin kwanon tafasa, rage akwati tare da bayani. An buɗe shi, ana canja tsaba daga bututun gwaji, an rufe shi.
Ana adana flasks tare da tsire-tsire a zazzabi na 20-22 ° C. Ana ɗaukar shuka a cikin nasara idan, bayan ‘yan kwanaki, babu gamsai, plaque ya bayyana. Da farko, ganyen tsire-tsire suna fitowa, sai tushen.
A cikin gilashin da seedlings girma 1 shekara. Bayan haka, an dasa su a cikin wani yanki na Cymbidium orchid.
Rostock
Cymbidium orchid ana yin yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba buds. Kowace shekara, orchid yana ba su 2. A kowane hali, suna cikin tushe.
Kafin da kuma bayan dasa sabon harbe, furen ba a shayar da shi tsawon kwanaki 2. Idan dakin ya bushe, ana fesa shuka.
Cymbidium dasawa a gida ana aiwatar da shi lokaci guda tare da dasa shuki na harbe. Rarraba yana faruwa ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 3 ba. Dasa kamar haka:
- Ana fitar da shuka tare da tushen daga tukunya, an yanke ƙarshen tushen da wuka mara kyau. Ana bi da yankan da gawayi, kirfa.
- Sabbin kwararan fitila suna rarraba a hankali don kada su lalata su. Ga kowane harbe 2-3 ya kamata a sami tsohuwar kwan fitila ɗaya.
- Ana sanya sprout a cikin sabon tukunya. Girman tukunyar matsakaici ne. Daga tushen zuwa kasa bai kamata ya zama fiye da 5-6 cm ba. An bar rata na 2-3 cm a gefuna.
Don furanni, yi amfani da tukwane masu tsayi na musamman tare da ramukan magudanar ruwa, kama da vases. A wannan yanayin, dogon tsarin tushen Cymbidium orchid zai shiga cikin tukunya. Zai fi kyau a dasa Cymbidium a cikin sabon tukunyar da aka saya.
An shimfiɗa yumbu mai faɗi a ƙasa. An zaɓi iyawar a bayyane, saboda tushen dole ne su sami haske. Girma a cikin tukwane na yau da kullun zai ba da fure kaɗan. Kofin yumbu yana da farfajiya wanda tukwici na tushen ya manne. Kuna buƙatar rushe shi lokacin da kuke dasawa.
Cuidado
Lallai haske mai kyau
Kula da Cymbidium orchid a gida yana buƙatar bin ka’idodin shayarwa, kiyaye tsarin zafin jiki, dasawa.
Girman furen ya dogara da yadda za ku shayar da Cymbidium, yadda ake kula da shi. Shuka yana buƙatar haske a duk shekara. Lokacin hasken rana ya kamata ya wuce sa’o’i 12, a cikin hunturu ana amfani da fitilu na musamman. Rashin haske yana kaiwa ga ganyaye masu tsinke, rashin fure.
A lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki kuma har sai furen ya yi fure, ya zama dole a shayar da Cymbidium da yawa a ƙarƙashin tushen kuma a fesa shi. Bayan shayarwa, kwararan fitila suna tsaftace shi da auduga don kada ya lalace.
Lokacin da furen ya buƙaci girma a cikin koren taro, yayin fure, ana kiyaye zafin jiki a 22-25 ° C a rana, 16-18 ° C da dare. Ana buƙatar lilo don kibiya ta bunƙasa. Lokacin hutawa, ana rage yawan zafin jiki zuwa 13 ° C.
Ana ciyar da shuka a farkon da ƙarshen lokacin girma. A cikin hunturu, ba a amfani da taki. Ana siyan gaurayawan shirye-shirye ko an diluted da mahaɗan ruwa na duniya. Dole ne abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi osmocot. Ana amfani da takin a kan ƙasa mai laushi.
Ana amfani da gaurayawan Nitrogen ga furanni matasa yayin girma. Hadi yana tsayawa lokacin da shuka ba shi da lafiya.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kulawar Cymbidium orchid mara kyau yana sa shuka ya zama mai rauni. Dalilan cututtuka da lalacewa:
- rashin haske,
- zafin jiki baja,
- babban zafi.
Duban gani Furen yana taimakawa wajen gano ƙwayoyin cuta. Furen yana dushewa, ganye da saiwoyin sun lalace.
Ana bincika kasancewar kwari a cikin substrate nan da nan bayan siyan furen. Ana sauke tukunyar a cikin akwati na ruwa. Idan kwari sun fara rarrafe, an dasa orchid.
Kula da Cututtuka
Cymbidium mosaic cuta ce ta kwayar cuta. Yana da wuya a gano farkon ci gaba. An ƙayyade cutar ta bayyanar shukar Cymbidium. Dakatar da furanni. Harbin suna kanana, bushe. Ana kafa tabo akan ganye. Ana daukar kwayar cutar ta kayan aiki. Sauran orchids suna hawa yayin shayarwa tare. An riga an ƙaddara shi a ƙarshen mataki. An lalata shuka a cikin wannan yanayin. Ana zubar da ƙasa da tukunyar.
Grey rot yana da alamun launin toka-launin ruwan kasa a kan petals. A hankali, furen fure da buds suna shuɗe daga cutar.
Idan babu lalacewa ga tushe, ana iya ceton orchid.
Yadda za a sake farfado da orchid Cymbidium da kyau:
- daina ban ruwa,
- daina taki,
- ƙara yawan zafin jiki,
- yanke ruɓaɓɓen sassa na shuka.
Baƙar fata sau da yawa yana tasowa a kan waɗanda suka riga sun kasance bayan hare-haren lalacewar parasitic. Tare da cutar, ganye da tushen sun zama baki. An yanke sassan marasa lafiya na furen. Ana bi da yankan tare da ruwa na Bordeaux. An haifuwa tukunyar, an jefar da ƙasa. Ana yayyafa tsire-tsire na cikin gida da ke kusa da tagulla.
Lokacin da tushen ya lalace, ganyen ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Tushen ya yi laushi kuma ya lalace. Shuka yana daina fure. Tushen har sai ɓangaren kore ya nutse gaba ɗaya a cikin maganin Fundazole ko Topsin maida hankali na 0.2%. Ana yin jiyya sau uku kowane mako 2. Zai fi kyau a dasa furen a cikin sabon tukunya.
Fusarium yana shafar ganye. Sun zama taushi, curls. Kwayoyin naman gwari mai launin ruwan hoda sun taru akan ganye da kuma tushe, farfaɗowar furen shine ana nutsar da tukunyar a cikin 0.2% na Fundazol sau 3 a rana har tsawon kwanaki 10.
Ganyen ganye cuta ce mai yaduwa. Alamun jika ne masu duhu. Cire lalacewa, fesa tare da fungicides, kar a sha ruwa tsawon kwanaki 5.
Kula da kwaro
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, kwari ba su da muni
Binciken gani na furen yana taimakawa wajen gano ƙwayoyin cuta. Furen yana bushewa, ganye, saiwoyin sun lalace. Ana duba kasancewar kwari a cikin substrate nan da nan bayan siyan furen. Ana sauke tukunyar a cikin akwati na ruwa. Idan kwari sun fara rarrafe, an dasa orchid.
Kwari suna kai hari kan Cymbidium lokacin da ba a yi kulawa da dasawa da kyau ba. Kwari masu sikelin suna sauka akansa. Suna kama da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin ganyayyaki. Dendrobionts suna ciyar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, wanda ke jinkirta girma, don haka peduncle ba ya girma, Cymbidium ba ya fure.
Ana wanke shukar a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu. Ana tsabtace dukkan ƙwayoyin cuta da goge baki. Ana kula da furanni tare da Fitoverm, Actellik. Bayan mako guda, tsarin yana maimaitawa. Ethyl barasa yana taimakawa tsaftace ganye. Sanya jaka a kan shuka ko canza shi zuwa greenhouse. Wannan yana ƙara zafi na iska.
Aphids zauna a kan kananan harbe a baya. Ganye ya zama m, canza siffar. Kwarin yana cin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na Cymbidium orchid kuma yana gabatar da guba a ciki. Aphids suna ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta, fungi. Don magance shi, ana shayar da Cym da ruwan sabulu, sannan a fesa shi da chlorophos. Albasa tincture yana taimakawa. Albasa porridge yana haɗe da ruwan zãfi, nace 6-8 hours. Abin da ke cikin yankakken albasa kada ya wuce 10% ta nauyin abun da ke ciki. Maganin tace. Ana kula da fure sau 3-5 a rana don kwanaki 3-4.
Ana gane tsutsotsin abinci ta hanyar plaque a cikin tukunya, ƙasa, saiwoyin, da furanni. A ƙarƙashin farantin, kwari da tsutsa suna ɓoye a cikin capsule. Ana cire tsutsotsi tare da buroshin hakori sau 2 a rana. Wuraren suna danshi da maganin sabulu. Fitoverm yana fesa ƙasa, tushen, tukunya. Furen da abin ya shafa zubar. A cikin wata mai zuwa, ana duba duk sassan orchid sau da yawa. Idan kwayar cutar ta sake bayyana, ana maimaita hanyar hanyoyin. Daga cikin magungunan jama’a, yi amfani da bayani mai zuwa: 2 tbsp. l An haxa man zaitun tare da lita 1. ruwa, yayyafa shi da abun da ke ciki ‘Cymbidium’.
Mite gizo-gizo yana rayuwa a cikin ganye. Sun zama rawaya, sun bushe. Kwaro yana da haɗari saboda yana taimakawa wajen kamuwa da cututtukan fungal na shuka. Ana wanke furen da tallafinsa da lita 1 na ruwan cokali 1. l kayan wanke-wanke, sa’an nan kuma a wanke, an rufe shi da jaka mai haske, ya bar tsawon kwanaki 3-4. Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙaramin greenhouse yana ƙara zafi na iska. Yi amfani da Neoron, Thiophos maganin kwari.
Ana ƙaddara thrips na tashi ta hanyar canji a cikin inuwar ganye, dige, da ratsi. Fim ɗin azurfa kuma yana nuna rauni. Suna wanke orchid, yanke lalacewa. Sannan ana fesa su da Fitoverm, Actellik sau 2 tare da tazara na kwanaki 10.
Orchids kuma ana iya kaiwa hari ta hanyar:
- tururuwa,
- katako,
- farin kwari,
- nematodes.
Binciken
Kafin siyan fure, suna duba raunuka. Babban matakan rigakafi don kulawa: haifuwa na kayan aiki, fesa matsakaici, samun iska, wurin orchid a nesa da sauran tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Kula da yanayin zafi na 60-75% na iska da tsarin shayarwa, wanda ke kare kariya daga aphids, scabies, ticks. Ana wanke substrate sau ɗaya a wata tare da ruwan gudu.
Daga rot na fungal, ana fesa orchid sau ɗaya a wata tare da maganin 1% na jan karfe sulfate. Yi amfani da substrate mai tsabta.
ƙarshe
Ana ɗaukar Cymbidium orchid a matsayin mafi ƙarancin buƙata idan aka kwatanta da sauran orchids. Rashin ƙayyadaddun dangi, hypoallergenicity, kayan ado na ado suna yin zaɓi don jin daɗin wannan nau’in. Tare da orchids kamar Cattleya dovianum, Cumbria Cymbidium shuka yana haifar da kayan ado masu ban sha’awa.
