Wani tsiro da aka sani da mu da sunayen “Chestnut House” da “Chestnut na Japan”, Fatsia na ɗaya daga cikin amfanin gona mafi sauƙi kuma mafi juriya. Na ban mamaki, tare da manyan ganye masu siffar yatsa, wannan kyawun yana cin nasara tare da yawa, ƙawancin kambi da girmansa mai ban sha’awa. Amma kada ku ji tsoron girman fatsias: duk da girman su, suna da tasiri mai jituwa har ma a cikin ƙananan ɗakuna. Wannan shine ɗayan tsire-tsire da aka fi so na masu zanen ciki, amma baiwar fatsias ba ta iyakance ga halaye masu kyau ba. Jurewar inuwa, tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi da rashin buƙata sun dace har ma ga masu noman da ba su da masaniya.
Fatsia japonesa (Fatsia japonica). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com 99 Tushen
Ganyen chestnut na Jafananci masu ɗanɗano
Fatsia ta cancanci karɓar duk sunayen laƙabi na “sanantan”. Ganyen wannan shuka ya fi kama da sanannun chestnuts, kawai a cikin rage kwafin kuma tare da mafi kyawun laushi. Fatsia ta zo mana daga Japan mai nisa. Ana iya rarraba shi cikin aminci a cikin mafi kyawun ciyayi masu manyan ganye a tsakanin amfanin gona na cikin gida. Ci gaba da sauri da kambi mai ban sha’awa shine babban fa’idodin adonsa.
Wannan wakilin Araliev iyali (Araliaceae) yana da wani fairly suna fadin palette na iri da kuma jinsin. A matsayin amfanin gona na ado, kawai Fatsiya na Japan (Fatsia japonica) da kuma nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan su.
Fatsiya (Fatsiya) Su ne na ado da kuma itace Evergreen shrubs. Fatsia tana da kyau sosai, mai tsabta, duk da haka manyan rawanin. Wadannan amfanin gona na bishiyoyi na asalin halitta a cikin tsari na cikin gida suna haɓaka kamar ƙananan rassan bishiyoyi tare da matsakaicin tsayi na mita 2, wanda, tare da kulawa mai kyau, yawanci ana iyakance ga tsarin mita. Fatsia tana da harbe-harbe na bakin ciki waɗanda koyaushe ba za su iya jure yawan manyan ganye ba kuma galibi suna buƙatar ƙarin tallafi (wannan gaskiya ne na nau’ikan iri daban-daban). Ƙarfin gani da ƙawa sun daidaita daidai da kyau na babban foliage da kuma tsarin da aka tsara wanda ya daidaita girman kuma ya hana fatsia daga mummunar tasiri akan fahimtar ɗakunan. Ganyen Fatsiya shine babban abin alfaharinta. Suna zaune akan dogayen petioles masu yatsa, manya, har zuwa 30 cm a diamita. A kan ganye mai siffar zagaye ko zuciya, ana tattara lobes-lobes 5 ko 9 na fata. Ganyen Fatsia ba’a iyakance ga kyawawan ganye masu duhu ba. Itacen yana da nau’o’in iri da siffofi masu yawa tare da gefuna masu bambanta da tabo. Amma ga kowa da kowa, ba tare da togiya ba, fatsias suna da alamar haske mai haske, kyawawan launi na fata na fata.
Fatsia, duk da ikon bunƙasa a cikin gida, tsire-tsire ce kawai na ado. Furen fatsia da yawa suna ɗauka a matsayin abin ban mamaki, kawai yana lalata sha’awar bushes (suna yawan cire inflorescences daga shuka da kansu don kada su yi fure). Amma tun da ba su shafi ciyayi ba, kada ku yi gaggawar yin wannan. Ana tattara ƙananan furanni masu launin kore ko farar fata a cikin ƙananan laima na inflorescences waɗanda, a kan bangon manyan ganye masu sheki, suna fitowa da akwati da iska, kama da dandelions. Idan kun bar su a kan shuka, zaku iya sha’awar ƙananan berries masu duhu masu duhu, kama da ash dutsen baƙar fata, wanda tsaba ba koyaushe suke girma ba (kuma ko da sun yi, za su yi saurin rasa germination). Ba lallai ba ne don shirya fatsia don fure, kuma ba zai lalata shuka ba ko ba ta ladabi.
Inflorescences na Fatsia. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Stephanie
Iri da nau’ikan fatsia
Mafi kyawun nau’ikan kayan ado da nau’ikan fatsia na Japan sun haɗa da:
- “Cobweb” iri-iri tare da ganyen azurfa-launin toka, waɗanda ke fitowa daga nesa, da alama an zana su daga karammiski mai daɗi;
- “Variegata” tare da gefen farin kusan mai laushi a kan ganyen da ke rarrafe a kan farantin karfe;
- “Moseri” tare da wani sabon abu, mai yawa da daji daji da kuma launi mai duhu mai duhu;
- “Aureimarginatis” – siffar tare da iyakar rawaya mai haske marar daidaituwa;
- “Argenteimarginatis”, wanda aka yi wa ado da iyakar fari mai kyau, wanda daga nesa ya bayyana azurfa
Ana yawan la’akari da iri-iri na fatsia kuma cara de fatshederu (fatshedera Lizei) – matasan fatsia tare da ivy. Amma a yau ana bincika wannan shuka kawai kuma ya fi dacewa a yi la’akari da shi azaman nau’in nau’i daban.
Fatsia ta fi so na masu zanen kaya a yau. Ba kamar yawancin tsire-tsire na cikin gida ba, yana iya girma kamar yadda ya kamata a wurare daban-daban a bayan ɗakuna, ba ya buƙatar nunawa kawai a kan windowsills da kusa da tagogi. Wannan kyawun gaye yana daga cikin al’adun da suka dace don gabatarwa cikin abubuwan ciki na zamani. Amma fatsia ba za a rasa a cikin wani salon, daidai organically haifar da sakamakon «nutsarwa a cikin greenery», da kuma wasa da rawar da wani lafazi ko daki division, jin dadi a kowane tsawo da kuma a hade tare da wani furniture. Kyawun shuka da nuna ba ya hana shi daga kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙattai na cikin gida, wanda kowane mai fure zai iya girma. Jafananci chestnuts jimre da kyau tare da yanayi daban-daban, girma da sauri, da kusan babu pronounced lokacin dormancy, kuma ba lallai ba ne don ƙirƙirar sanyi, albeit kyawawa, wintering. Wahalhalun da ake samu a cikin noman fatsiyya shi ne ba sa son fari kuma ba sa yafe rashin ruwa na tsawon lokaci. Amma tare da matsakaicin kulawa na yau da kullun, za su ba ku mamaki da sauƙi.
Fatsia japonesa ‘Moseri’. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Kyle
La japonesa Fatsia ‘Spider’s Web’. Manomi Burea-Uinsurance.com iska
Fatsia japonesa ‘Variegata’. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Dobies
Fatsia al’ada ce da aka rarraba cikin tsire-tsire na cikin gida mafi guba. Wajibi ne a yi aiki tare da bushes, musamman a lokacin dasawa, tare da cikakken kariya daga fata daga haɗuwa da kayan lambu da tushen.
Kulawar Fatsi a gida
Haske don fatsiya
Ƙarfin wannan al’ada don daidaitawa zuwa wurare daban-daban a zahiri shine babban fa’idar Fatsia akan masu fafatawa. Fatsias suna da kyau daidai a wurare masu yawa na hasken wuta, suna riƙe ba kawai launi mai ban sha’awa ba, amma har ma da sauri mai sauƙi. Gaskiya, da adaptability na fatsia ne partially rasa a varietal iri: da more bambanta da ganye da kuma m da aibobi, da karin haske-auna da fatsia. Ga fatsia, ana ɗaukar duk wurare masu daɗi, daga hasken haske zuwa kowane duhu. Shuka ba ya jin tsoron hasken rana kai tsaye, baya barin konewa, amma a lokacin rani yana da kyau a kare shi daga hasken rana na fatsia (a cikin irin wannan wuri, fatsia yana fama da zafi kuma yawanci yana tawayar). Lokacin girma a cikin inuwa, Fatsia za ta ba ku mamaki tare da tasirin ado iri ɗaya, manyan ganye masu girma, amma girma zai ragu idan aka kwatanta da wuri mai haske. Yawancin lokaci manyan, tsofaffin tsire-tsire waɗanda suka kai girman girman girman suna fallasa su zuwa inuwa kuma kuna son ƙunsar su, kula da tsayayyen roko. Lokacin zabar wani wuri don fatsia, mayar da hankali kawai akan tasirin kayan ado da rawar da ake so a cikin ciki – wurin da kuka zaɓa, zai dace, kuma ba zai sha wahala ba.
Ga fatsia, yana da kyawawa don samar da ingantaccen haske a duk shekara. Itacen, wanda ya dace da wani matakin haske, zai inganta mafi kyau idan ya rama halayen yanayi a cikin lokacin sanyi kuma ya motsa fatsia zuwa wurare masu haske. Tabbatar ramawa ga raguwar haske ga waɗanda fatsias cewa hunturu ba a cikin yanayi mai sanyi ba, amma a cikin yanayi na al’ada: a gare su, yana da muhimmanci ba kawai don ƙara haske ba, amma don tabbatar da cewa suna kan kudu. sill ɗin taga ko isasshen ƙarin haske. Mutane masu kitse suna jure wa hasken wucin gadi da kyau.
Fatsia japonesa (Fatsia japonica). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Dan Kristiansen
Zazzabi mai dadi
Fatsia tana bunƙasa a cikin yanayi iri ɗaya da masu mallakarta, a cikin daidaitaccen yanayin zafin ɗaki. Wannan shuka yana son kwanciyar hankali na 18 zuwa 23 digiri. Wannan kewayon zafin jiki ya fi dacewa daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen fall. Idan Fatsiya tana cikin yanayi mai zafi to ba za ta yi tasiri sosai ba, musamman idan an daidaita yawan ruwan sha da yawa.
Kuma a cikin lokacin kwanciyar hankali, a lokacin hunturu, yana da kyau a kiyaye waɗannan tsire-tsire masu sanyi, a yanayin zafi na 10 zuwa 15 digiri. A cikin nau’ikan iri daban-daban, yanayin zafi ba ya raguwa da yawa, kawai zuwa digiri 16-18 (zazzabi bai kamata ya faɗi ƙasa da digiri 16 don fatsias masu bambanta ba). Amma sanyi sanyi ba shi da mahimmanci ga Fatsia. Tsire-tsire suna dacewa da yanayin zafi mai girma, muddin lokacin hunturu yana da mafi kyawun haske mai yuwuwa, yana motsawa zuwa ƙarin hasken wucin gadi ko taga sill na kudu.
Fatsy na matukar son iska mai dadi. Ba su da matukar damuwa ga zane-zane, musamman a lokacin rani. Da zarar an kafa yanayin dumi mai kyau, ba kafin Yuni ba, ana iya fitar da fatsia gaba ɗaya a cikin iska, a baranda, terrace har ma a cikin lambun. Gaskiya ne, a ƙarƙashin sararin sama, ya kamata a kiyaye tsire-tsire daga hasken rana kai tsaye (amma fatsia ba za ta ji tsoron zane ba).
Fatsia japonesa (Fatsia japonica). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com 99 Tushen
Ban ruwa da iska zafi
Ruwa a zahiri shine mafi wahala bangaren kula da fatsia. Abin da ke faruwa shi ne ganyen fatsiya ba ya dawowa bayan ya bushe. Idan an bar coma na ƙasa ya bushe gaba ɗaya, ganyen za su faɗi, kuma duk wani ƙarin shayarwa ba zai taimaka ba, koda kuwa bushewar ya ɗauki ɗan lokaci kaɗan. Gaskiya ne, ganye ba za su fadi ba – kuna buƙatar maye gurbin kayan haɗi a ƙarƙashin su don sanya shuka ya yi kyau. Fatsia tana mayar da martani ga zubar ruwa da danshi ta wata hanya dabam: ganyen ya fara yin laushi, a hankali ya juya rawaya ya faɗi. Don haka, don guje wa matsaloli tare da wannan shuka, yana da daraja ƙoƙarin samar da Fatsia tare da kulawar tsarin da zai kiyaye danshi ƙasa. Sarrafa yawan ban ruwa yana da sauƙi: tsakanin jiyya, bushe kawai santimita saman ƙasa.
Tsarin ruwa na hunturu ya fi sauƙi. Farawa a tsakiyar kaka, hanyoyin ya kamata a hankali rage su, don hunturu don sabbin fatsias, yana sa su ƙara raguwa da kiyaye ƙasa ɗan ɗanɗano, kuma ga tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da dumi, suna barin yawan shayarwa iri ɗaya, amma rage adadin. na ruwa da rage danshi na ƙasa da kusan rabin (ya kamata ya bushe ɗan ƙasan tsakiyar ƙasa).
Fatsia ba ta da ɗanɗano game da zafi na iska, amma kamar duk kayan amfanin gona na ado tare da isassun manyan ganye masu ɗorewa, ba sa amsa da kyau ga yanayin bushewa. Idan babu matakan don rama yawan zafin jiki mai yawa, aiki na tsarin dumama na tsakiya, ganye da sauri sun rasa sha’awar su, tukwicinsu sun bushe, shuka ya rasa sabon bayyanar. Zai fi kyau a kiyaye fatsias a matsakaici ko rigar ƙimar 50% ko fiye. Ba lallai ba ne don shigar da pallets tare da humidifier ko na’urori na musamman don fatsia. Wadannan kyawawan suna da wadatuwa tare da sauƙi mai sauƙi tare da ruwa mai laushi a dakin da zafin jiki, wanda aka yi kowace rana ko kowane kwanaki 2 yayin ci gaba mai aiki. Tsarin spraying na hunturu ya dogara da yanayin iska: lokacin sanyi, suna tsayawa, lokacin da suke hunturu a cikin yanayi na yanayi, suna raguwa kawai. Bugu da ƙari, fesa, za ku buƙaci fatsia da kurakurai na wajibi daga ganye, wanda ya kamata a yi tare da soso mai laushi mako-mako ko sau da yawa da shawa a lokacin rani don kiyaye ciyayi mai tsabta.
Fatsia japonesa (Fatsia japonica). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com 99 Tushen
Abinci ga Fatsiya
Kirji na Japan yana buƙatar daidaitaccen tsarin hadi. Fatsia tana buƙatar manyan sutura kawai daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen Satumba, lokacin da shuka ke haɓaka cikin sauri da rayayye. Mafi kyawun mitar hanyoyin don fatsia ana ɗaukar kashi 1 cikin kwanaki 10 tare da daidaitaccen kashi bisa ga shawarwarin masana’anta. A cikin hunturu, ba za a iya ciyar da abinci ba ko da lokacin da aka ajiye shi a dakin da zafin jiki.
Taki don amfanin gona na ado na ado tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen sun fi dacewa da fatsia.
Dasawa, kwantena da substrate
Don fatsias wajibi ne a tattara ƙasa mai haske da sako-sako. Ana iya maye gurbin kayan abinci mai gina jiki tare da ingantaccen ruwa mai kyau tare da hydroponics. Daga cakuda ƙasa don fatsia, ƙasa mai shirye-don amfani da ƙasa ko ƙasa dangane da cakuda humus, peat da yashi tare da kashi biyu na ƙasa lawn sun fi dacewa.
Ana dasa tsire-tsire, ana mai da hankali kan ƙimar girma da haɓaka. Matasa fatsia, wanda ba kawai ganye ba har ma da rhizomes suna girma sosai, ana dasa su kowace shekara. Amma ana iya sake dasa bushes na manya tare da mitar shekaru 2-3, amma kowace shekara ana maye gurbin saman saman ƙasa tare da sabo. Mafarin bazara shine mafi dacewa da hanya.
Babu wani abu mai wahala wajen dashen fatsiyya. Ƙwallon ƙasa a kusa da tushen ba a lalata shi ba, ana kiyaye shi gaba ɗaya har ma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren. Ana canza tsire-tsire zuwa sabbin kwantena, ƙara sabo da kuma cire gurɓataccen Layer na ƙasa. Makullin dasawa shine sanya magudanar ruwa daidai: don fatsia yana da kyau a yi amfani da kayan da aka bushe da kuma kawo aƙalla 1/3 na tsayin tukunyar zuwa magudanar ruwa.
Kwantena na matasa fatsias suna haɓaka da girma 2-3, ga manya suna canzawa kaɗan. Don wannan noman, ana amfani da tukwane mai zurfi, amma ba a fadi sosai ba, wanda ya ba da damar sanya babban magudanar ruwa ba tare da rage sararin samaniya ba.
Fatsia japonesa (Fatsia japonica). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com lambun lambu
Cututtuka da kwari
Fatsia kyawawan tsire-tsire ne masu ƙarfi waɗanda, tare da kulawa mai kyau, ba zai haifar da matsala ba. Amma idan kun keta tsarin zafi ko ba da izinin sakaci da yawa, za su iya sha wahala daga rot mai launin toka da kuma yaduwar kwari – kwari, aphids, gizo-gizo mites, thrips da whiteflies. Don fatsias, yana da kyau a yi ƙoƙarin magance matsalar tare da hanyoyin ilimin halitta: wanke shuka da ruwan sabulu, cire kwari da injina, kuma bayan ba a fara fesa maganin kwari ba. Tare da yaduwar rot, gyaran kulawa yawanci yana taimakawa, a cikin matsanancin yanayi, dasawa na gaggawa.
Matsalolin gama gari a cikin girma Fatsias:
- busassun busassun ganye tare da ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano;
- yellowing da laushi na foliage tare da zafi;
- ganyen da ke faɗowa lokacin ambaliya ko cikin sanyi;
- ganyaye masu karyewa da murgud’i a busasshiyar iska.
Haihuwar fatsiya
Wannan shine ɗayan mafi sauƙin manyan kayan lambu don haifuwa. Duk hanyoyin ciyayi da iri sun dace da fatsia.
Samun fatsia daga tsaba ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Kyakkyawan germination shine halayyar sabo ne kawai, kuma ba shi da sauƙin tattara su da kanku. Ana shuka tsaba na Fatsia a cikin wani ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano mai gina jiki, yana rufe 1 cm na ƙasa mai siffa a saman. Shuka tsaba a wuri mai dumi tare da haske mai haske a ƙarƙashin fim ko gilashi. Da zaran farkon guda biyu na cikakken ganye ya bayyana akan tsire-tsire masu tasowa, ana tsoma su cikin ƙananan tukwane guda ɗaya kuma su fara girma bisa ga ka’idodi iri ɗaya da tsire-tsire masu girma.
Jafananci na Fatsia. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Dan Kristiansen
Daga cikin hanyoyin ciyayi, yankan apical sune mafi sauƙin amfani. An yanke su ne kawai a cikin bazara, kafin ko bayan dasawa, a farkon mataki na girma mai aiki, zabar harbe tare da ƙananan kumbura ko kumbura. Don tushen, yankan zai buƙaci magani tare da haɓaka haɓaka haɓaka, yanayin zafi mai zafi na digiri 25 da yanayin greenhouse, yana rufe da murfi ko fim. Ana zurfafa yankan zuwa zurfin 2 cm a cikin cakuda yashi da peat. Zai fi kyau a dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙananan tukwane guda ɗaya nan da nan bayan rooting. Daga cikin yanka ne ake samun fatsiya mafi kauri da mafi ƙanƙanta.
Yadudduka na iska babban zaɓi ne madadin. Amma za a iya samun su ne kawai idan saboda wasu dalilai ganyen Fatsia sun fado ko kuma ba su gani ba, harbe-harbe sun fito. Tsakanin nodes, an yanke gangar jikin a tsaye, an rufe yankan tare da gansakuka mai laushi ko substrate (zai fi kyau a shayar da su tare da maganin haɓaka haɓaka) da kuma gyara shi a kan tushe tare da foil aluminum ko wasu kayan. Rooting zai ɗauki watanni da yawa, amma fatsiya da aka samu da wannan hanyar za ta fara girma da sauri bayan dasa.
