Kulawar Dahlias a cikin fall ya haɗa da duk matakan da suka dace don kiyaye su lafiya har zuwa bazara. Abubuwan da ake buƙata na shirya don hunturu shine wajibi na tono kwararan fitila da ajiye su don ajiya, saboda wannan furen furen, kodayake perennial, yana lalacewa a cikin hunturu saboda ƙarancin yanayin ƙasa.
Dokokin kula da Dahlia a cikin fall
Matakan da ake bukata
Da farko, a cikin fall, kulawa ya zama dole ga gonar dahlia. A shirya don hunturu:
- cire datti,
- kawar da ciyayi da tarkace,
- tsagi na rassan,
- taki,
- tono sama da tubers.
Tsaftace shafin
A hankali tsaftace sauran ganye, ciyawa, da tarkace yana hana adana ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin kwari waɗanda ke mamaye tarkacen tarkace a ƙasa kuma suna aiki a cikin bazara lokacin da zafi ya fara.
Suna zaɓar wurin dasa shuki makonni 2 kafin ranar da aka tsara don tono dahlias, saboda ƙarancin iska a cikin kaka yana sa furanni su fi kamuwa da kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, waɗanda dole ne a cire su kafin a dasa su a cikin hunturu.
Dokokin yanke da datsa
Mowing a cikin fall ana yin shi don kare tushen tsarin furannin furanni waɗanda ba a haƙa daga sanyi kwatsam ba. Suna yin hakan daga ƙarshen Agusta zuwa farkon Satumba. An kafa tsayin tudun har zuwa 10-12 cm kusa da mai tushe.
Bayan fure, an yanke dahlias zuwa 15 cm don tura kwararar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa tubers.
Kowane daji ana yiwa alama alama don kada a gauraya lokacin dasa.
Watse
A kwararan fitila bukatar mai yawa danshi kafin wintering. Wannan zai hana tushen tubs daga bushewa yayin ajiya. Wajibi ne a shayar da bushes tare da la’akari da yanayin kaka da saurin bushewa na ƙasa, saboda ƙarancin ruwa a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da farkon lalata tushen wuyansa da tushen tubers.
A lokacin ci gaba da damina mai tsayi, ana rufe shukar da murfi mai tabbatar da danshi don rage shigar danshi cikin tushen.
Babban ƙa’idar babban yatsan yatsa shine dakatar da shayarwa makonni 1-2 kafin ranar da kuka shirya don tono furanni.
Babban sutura
Babban aikin suturar kaka shine haɓaka abun ciki na potassium da phosphorus, waɗanda ke da alhakin juriyar sanyi na fure.
Nitrogen ba ya yin shi a cikin kaka, saboda yana ƙarfafa ci gaban taro na kore da harbe-harbe, wanda shine superfluous a shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Dole ne a ƙara mahaɗan taki kafin ƙarshen Agusta. Mazauna yankunan kudancin da ke da yanayin zafi suna da damar dage wadannan kwanakin har zuwa farkon watan Satumba.
Mafi kyawun abinci ga furen da ke girma a cikin fall zai kasance cakuda potassium sulfate da superphosphate (1 teaspoon da lita 10 na ruwa). Adadin amfani da maganin aiki don ban ruwa shine lita 2-3 a kowace shuka.
Yaushe da yadda ake tono dahlia
Ana haƙa furanni a ƙarshen Satumba
A cikin yankuna masu zafi na kudanci, inda yawan zafin jiki na iska a cikin hunturu ba ya faɗi ƙasa -5 ° C-7 ° C, an bar dahlias don hunturu a buɗe ƙasa. A cikin yankuna da ba su da kyau ga yanayin, ana haƙa dahlias a cikin fall.
Amma tare da irin wannan hunturu, ana buƙatar su dauki tsari: ƙasa an rufe shi da ciyawa.Ƙaƙƙarfan kariya na spruce coniferous spruce da haushi ya kamata ya zama akalla 5-10 cm.
Ba a amfani da peat ko takin a matsayin ciyawa, wanda a yanayin zafi mai kyau zai haifar da rubewar wuyansa.
Kwanaki
Lokaci ya dogara da halayen yanki:
- a cikin Urals – tun daga kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba.
- a Siberiya – tun daga karshen watan Agusta.
- a tsakiyar layi, ciki har da yankin Moscow, – tun Oktoba.
Lokacin zabar kwanan wata don tono amfanin gona na fure, ana jagorantar su ta bayyanar shuka: tushen tubers suna shirye don dasa shuki don neman raunuka lokacin da ganyen ya zama rawaya kuma ya bushe akan daji.
Bai dace ba:
- Fitar da dahlias kafin lokaci, yayin da furanni ke ci gaba kuma yayin da ganyen ya kasance kore. Koren taro da aka adana ta hanyar photosynthesis yana taimaka wa furen ta tara abubuwa masu amfani da yawa a cikin tushen kamar yadda zai yiwu, wanda zai kara yawan lokacin ajiya na kwararan fitila.
- Bar tsire-tsire har zuwa sanyi na ƙarshe, lokacin da zafin daskarewa ana lura ba kawai a taƙaice da dare ba, amma a lokacin daskarewa a cikin rana yana haifar da lalacewa na tushen abin wuya kuma yana rage rayuwar kayan shuka.
Zaɓin tsakiyar ƙasa don tono tushen tubers, suna lura da yanayin daji: da zaran ya fara bushewa daga sanyi na dare na farko, yana nufin – tubers suna shirye. Mai samarwa yana da kwanaki 2-3 don kauce wa lalacewa.
Shiri
Kafin haƙa amfanin gona na fure don ajiyar hunturu, ya zama dole don bincika kwari da cututtuka masu lalacewa. Ana tono tsire-tsire masu alamun cututtuka kuma nan da nan an lalata su don hana yaduwar cututtuka zuwa furanni masu lafiya.
Daga cikin alamomin da ya kamata su faɗakar da su:
- farin rufi – alamar kasancewar fungi,
- launin ruwan kasa – yana nuna lalacewar lalacewa,
- bushewar da wuri na ciyayi (mai tushe da ganye) – yana nuna kamuwa da cuta ta fungal ko kamuwa da cuta.
Don a ƙi raunana, ba mai yiwuwa dahlias tare da tsayi mai tsawo ko gaggautsa mai tushe, da kuma waɗanda ba su Bloom wannan kakar. Irin waɗannan samfurori, ko da an ajiye su har sai bazara, ba za su toho a shekara mai zuwa ba.
Fasaha
Zabi don na gaba shekara ta saukowa lafiya shuke-shuke
- Ba a yanka ba da sabbin tsiro da ganyayen da ba a yanka ba tare da yankan shear.
- An haƙa daji a kusa da kewayen, farawa daga 0.3 m daga wurin girma don tsire-tsire masu matsakaici da haɓaka radius don manyan, wannan yana da mahimmanci don kada ya lalata tsarin tushen,
- Tushen tubers ana ciro da cokali mai yatsa, ba tare da cire ragowar daga sama ba.
- an tsaftace shi daga babban yanki na duniya don samun damar duba rashin rot, lalacewa,
- Ana yanka kananan guntuwa da wuka.
- Tushen bakin ciki da rauni an yanke su tare da shears na pruning, an yayyafa sassan da carbon da aka kunna ko ash na itace,
- Ƙara zuwa bushe a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi.
An zaɓi waɗannan tubers don ajiya wanda, bayan tsabtace tsabta, sun riƙe har zuwa 2/3 na jimlar girma.
Yadda ake adana dahlias har zuwa bazara
Kafin sa don hunturu, da kwararan fitila suna disinfected. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar aiki tare da potassium permanganate ko magungunan antifungal.
Yawancin masu noman furen sun fi son raba hanyar fita don guje wa haɗuwa da kuma kariya daga yaduwar ruɓe a cikin kayan shuka. A wannan yanayin, kawai manyan tushen tubers za a iya raba.
Yana yiwuwa a adana kwararan fitila dahlia har sai bazara a cikin Apartment ko ginshiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- a cikin kwantena tare da yashi ko sawdust,
- nannade su jarida ko fim,
- tsoma a cikin paraffin, wanda ke haifar da kariya mai kariya.
Don ajiyar gida, ana iya lalata kayan dasa a cikin firiji, amma daga kayan lambu da ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Don adana tushen tubers dahlia, ba a ba da shawarar sanya su a cikin jakunkuna na filastik da ba a buɗe ba waɗanda ba sa yin iska da lalacewa.
Mafi kyawun yanayi:
- yanayin zafi 4 ° C-9 ° C,
- zafi – har zuwa 60%.
Don takaitawa
Dahlias suna buƙatar kulawa ba kawai a lokacin bazara ba, lokacin da suke girma sosai, har ma a cikin fall, kafin lokacin hutu ya fara shirye-shiryen hunturu. Masu noman furanni ne kawai daga yankunan kudancin inda lokacin sanyi mai sanyi zai iya barin tushen tubers a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
A wasu yankuna na yanayi, don guje wa daskarewa tushen tsarin, ana tono kwararan fitila a adana su har sai an dasa shuki a cikin bazara.
