Orchid yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na cikin gida. Akwai nau’ikan wannan furen na cikin gida da yawa. Ana aiwatar da yaduwar orchid a gida bisa ga ka’idoji na musamman.
Orchid yaduwa
Janar shawarwari
A gida, ana amfani da hanyoyin yada orchid dangane da nau’in shuka. Amma duk orchids suna ninka bisa ga wasu dokoki:
- Ana samun sabon shuka kawai daga fure mai lafiya mai lafiya tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen,
- peduncle dole ne ya sami aƙalla manyan ganye 4.
- yi amfani da shuka wanda ya kai aƙalla shekaru 1,5.
Haihuwa ta yara
Orchids suna haifuwa a gida, kamar yadda a cikin yanayi, ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Na farko shine haifuwa ta yara.
Hanyar girma ta zuriya yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa. Irin wannan al’ada na sababbin samfurori ana amfani da ita nan da nan da zarar uwar shuka ta bushe. Florists gudanar da hanya daga karshen Fabrairu zuwa farkon Yuni.
Sabbin harbe-harbe akan shuka suna bayyana akan ganyen axillary bayan samuwar kiban fure a ƙarƙashin tsohuwar foliage. Dama a wannan wuri buds da nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i don barci. Wasu an yi niyya don ci gaban ƙananan furanni na furanni, yayin da wasu ke ba da gudummawa ga bayyanar yara.
Ana kafa ‘yan’uwa a kan shukar uwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayin zafi na ɗaki da takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen.
Shuka
Idan shuka ya fito da ƙaramin harbe, ana shayar da shi akai-akai da ruwa kuma yana jira har sai tushen ya fito.
Da zarar tushen ya girma zuwa tsayin 5 cm, an raba yara a hankali daga daji na uwa. Ana yiwa yankan da garwashi foda a bar shi ya bushe har kwana daya.
Ana dasa samfuran matasa zuwa wani yanki mai rarrabuwar kawuna. Bayan ‘yan makonni, ƙananan ganye sun juya launin rawaya kuma su fadi. Wannan tsari ne na dabi’a, bayan haka yara masu tasowa suna ci gaba da haɓaka tsarin tushen tsarin. Don tabbatar da cewa tsarin sabon tushen tushen yana ci gaba da ci gaba, ana ba da tsire-tsire tare da tsarin zafin jiki na 23 ° C-25 ° C.
Idan shuka ya girma sannu a hankali tsarin tushen ko bai girma ba, ana amfani da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan haɓaka haɓakar tushen: ‘Heteroauksin’, ‘Epin’ ko ‘Kornevin’.
Karfafawa
Yana da wuya a yada wani orchid a gida, saboda furen ba koyaushe yana girma tare da yara ba. Idan shuka ba ta samar da zuriya ba, an motsa shi tare da manna na musamman. Ana kiran wannan tsari incipient. A cikin kodan barci, an cire ma’auni a hankali, ana amfani da maganin shafawa na cytokinin a saman.
Ana shirya wannan manna a gida ta hanyar haɗa abubuwa da yawa: 10 g na kinetin, 1 ml na ruwa da 1 g na lanolin.
Wani zaɓi yadda za a yi ciyayi bear yara: sanya moistened sphagnum gansakuka a kan harbe, kunsa wurin ci gaban zuriya tare da polyethylene, haifar da wani greenhouse sakamako. Bayan girma girma, an cire fim da gansakuka.
Sau da yawa tsire-tsire na gida yana samar da toho ɗaya kawai. Don haɓaka haɓakar ƙarin zuriya, ana sanya furen a ƙarƙashin yanayin greenhouse, yana ba da tsarin zafin jiki na 28 ° C-29 ° C na kwanaki 5. Sa’an nan kuma a sake yin maganin kodan tare da manna na hormonal.
Sphagnum gansakuka don yaduwar orchid
Yankan
Yada orchid a gida tare da yankan na gaske, amma wannan hanyar tana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci kuma ta dace da wasu nau’ikan kawai: Wanda, Epidendrum.
Ana yin haifuwa ta hanyar harbe-harbe a cikin matakai da yawa:
- a kan lafiyayyen shrub na uwa, yanke 10-15 cm tsayin harbe-harbe ko tsofaffin rassan elongated ko furen fure,
- a yanka harbe a yanka a cikin shukar uwa a kwaba shi da murƙushe gawayi.
- sai a dasa yankan a tukunya tare da yankan.
Ana aiwatar da dasa shuki a cikin abin da ake amfani da shi don shuka waɗannan furanni na cikin gida. Don hanzarta samuwar tushen a cikin yankan, ana sanya tukwane a wuri mai dumi tare da zafin jiki ba ƙasa da 28 ° C ba.
Bayan kula da harbe-harbe iri ɗaya ne da na manya samfurori. Irin wannan yaduwar orchids a gida yana ba ku damar samun tsire-tsire na fure a shekara ta gaba bayan dasa.
Layer na iska
A cikin gida, furen yana yaduwa da yadudduka na iska. Irin wannan harbe suna samuwa ne kawai a cikin wasu nau’ikan tsire-tsire na gida: Dendrobium nobile da Epidendrum.
Wasu masu noman da ke da harbe-harbe suna girma sabbin samfura a cikin ƙaramin gida na musamman ta amfani da gansakuka sphagnum, don tsiron fure ya girma daidai da sauri, ana sanya shi a kwance akan gansakuka mai ɗanɗano kuma a sanya shi a cikin greenhouse.
Babban yanayin germination sprout ne akai-akai high zafi da kuma high zafin jiki a cikin greenhouse. Idan waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun cika, ƙananan harbe za su saki tushen bayan wata daya.
Bugu da ƙari, ana dasa tsire-tsire masu tushe a cikin kayan abinci mai gina jiki, ana fesa su da kulawa kamar yadda furanni na manya. Da farko, harbe-harbe da aka dasa suna buƙatar kwanciyar hankali: 26 ° C-28 ° C da zafi mai zafi.
Uwar daji rabo
Daga cikin nau’in yaduwar orchid, hanyar rarraba ta dace da kusan dukkanin nau’ikan furanni masu ban mamaki. Ana amfani da yaɗuwar ciyayi idan an shirya dasa wani tsohon samfuri tare da manyan tushe.
Don yaduwa ta hanyar rarraba orchids, ana buƙatar shuka mai girma tare da kwararan fitila 4 na karya da manyan tushen.
Kafin cire rhizome The substrate yana da ruwa sosai. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe cire tushen ba tare da haɗarin rauni ba. Tushen shuka ana girgiza shi daga ƙasa kuma a yanka shi da wuka mai kaifi, bakararre ta yadda kowane yanki yana da pseudobulbs 3. A ajiye sassan da aka toka tare da foda na gawayi kuma a dasa su a cikin ƙasa. Kada ku rarraba daji sosai – ƙananan masu rarraba za su ci gaba na dogon lokaci.
Hanyar yaduwa na orchids ta hanyar rarraba daji ana amfani dashi ba kawai don dasawa ba, ana amfani dashi idan ana ganin pseudobulbs a saman ƙasa. Sake haifuwa ta hanyar rarraba ya dace da nau’ikan orchids masu zuwa: Cymbidium, Cattleya, Paphiopedilum. Rhizomes na waɗannan tsire-tsire suna da girma kuma an rufe su da pseudobulbs.
Orchid uwar daji rabo
Yada iri
Ana iya yada gidajen Orchid ta hanyar tsaba. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi ɗaukar lokaci. Kwayoyin tsire-tsire suna da ƙanana da taushi, ba su ƙunshi suturar kariya ba.
A cikin yanayi, germination na tsaba yana faruwa saboda tushen soso, wanda koyaushe yana ciyar da su. Yana da matsala don samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a gida, saboda yana yiwuwa a samar da yanayin da ake bukata kawai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje – yana da wuya a yada orchid tare da tsaba a cikin ɗakin.
Yana da muhimmanci a sani
Akwai nuances da yawa don la’akari:
- tsaba suna girma kamar watanni 10.
- Yaduwa na orchids ta tsaba yana ba da damar samun shuka girma shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa,
- kawai flowering na farko ana lura da shekaru 3-4 bayan shuka (a wasu nau’ikan, furen yana faruwa a baya fiye da shekaru 10).
Matsakaicin abinci mai gina jiki don tsaba
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka 2 don shirya cakuda iri mai gina jiki:
- Fructose da agar foda suna gauraye – agar (10 g na kowane abu), sannan ƙara adadin glucose iri ɗaya, tsunkule na calcium carbonate da phosphoric acid. Sakamakon cakuda yana zuba a cikin gilashin ruwan zãfi, ya motsa. Sa’an nan kuma an ƙara sauran sinadaran zuwa ga gelatin taro da kuma gauraye har sai da santsi.
- Banana puree ɓangaren litattafan almara (40 g), granulated sugar (20 g), kayan lambu abinci mai gina jiki (0.5 ml), ruwan tumatir (100 ml), kunna gawayi (2 Allunan), zuma (0.5 g) da kuma Boiled ruwa (400 ml) gauraye har sai santsi.
Yadda ake tsiro
Kafin germination, ana sanya tsaba a cikin 1% chlorine-lime bayani na minti 20. 40-50 g na cakuda kayan abinci ana zuba shi a cikin akwati mara kyau na gilashi. Ana cire tsaba daga maganin kuma sanya su a cikin matsakaicin girma tare da sirinji na likita mara kyau. Rufe akwati sosai kuma sanya shi a cikin greenhouse.
Akwai wata hanya mafi sauƙi don yada orchid a gida ta amfani da tsaba. An shirya wani yanki na musamman daga gansakuka sphagnum da ƙasa mai ganye. An jika cakuda kayan abinci mai gina jiki tare da bindiga mai feshi.
Abinda ake bukata na gaba shine tabbatar da tsayayyen yanayin zafin jiki na 26 ° C-28 ° C tare da babban zafi. Kwayoyin suna tsiro a kan farin auduga, wanda a baya an jika da ruwa.
Ana yin girbi na seedlings a matakin bayyanar ganye na farko. Bayan ci gaban ganye 4, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa wurin zama na dindindin.
Cloning
Furen Microclonal girma a gida hanya ce mai wahala.
umarnin mataki-mataki don wannan tsari ana aiwatar da shi ne kawai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje:
- ta amfani da na’ura ta musamman ɗaukar ƙwayoyin shuka masu iya rarrabawa,
- ana sanya sel a cikin matsakaicin abinci na musamman,
- Bayan bayyanar ƙwanƙwasa, an maye gurbin tsohuwar kayan abinci mai gina jiki da wani sabon abu, sakamakon haka an kafa sabon shuka.
Haihuwar Meristemic yana da muhimmiyar fa’ida: samun babban adadin sabbin kwafi a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci.
ƙarshe
Yada nau’ikan orchids da kanka gaskiya ne. Idan kun bi ka’idodi masu sauƙi na girbi kayan dasa shuki, dasa shuki da ƙarin kulawa, kowa zai iya girma furen fure mai kyau akan windowsill.
