Babban cututtuka na orchids da maganin su –

Masu shuka furanni, bayan sun sami kyakkyawan shuka na cikin gida, suna ƙoƙarin kiyaye bayyanar lafiya. Amma ana iya hana wannan tare da cututtukan orchid. Suna haɓaka don dalilai daban-daban. Wajibi ne a fara magani a lokaci don kada furen ya mutu.

Babban cututtuka na orchids da maganin su

Abubuwan haɓaka cututtuka

Lokacin sayen shuka, yana da daraja la’akari da bukatun wani nau’i na musamman da kuma yiwuwar samar da su. Yawancin lokaci cututtukan phalaenopsis suna bayyana kansu saboda kulawar jahilci:

• rashin isasshen ruwa,
• bushewar iska,
• haske mara kyau,
• yanayin da bai dace ba,
• wuce haddi ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Hakanan, cututtukan orchid a cikin yanayin gida suna tsokanar waɗannan abubuwan:

• mamayewa na parasites,
• fungal, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta,
• raunin da ba ya cutar da shi.

Sau da yawa, cututtuka na phalaenopsis suna bayyana kansu saboda kulawar jahilci

Yana da daraja kare furen daga kwari wanda zai iya zama:

• cikin wata sabuwar shuka da aka shigo da ita gidan.
• a cikin wani bouquet na furanni,
• a kan wani substrate ba disinfected,
• akan kayan lambu ko ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu kamuwa da cuta a kusa.

Cututtukan naman gwari

Orchids suna kamuwa da cututtukan fungal daban-daban.

Brown rot

Yafi bayyana akan ganyayen samari a matsayin tabo mai ruwan haske mai ruwan haske. Tushen suna da ban mamaki kuma. Yana tasowa tare da yawan shayarwa da ƙananan zafin jiki.

Idan orchid kawai ya fara ciwo, to, magani shine kamar haka:

• An yanke wuraren da aka lalace tare da kayan aiki mai kaifi, suna ɗaukar nama mai lafiya,
• ana bi da yankan wuraren da murƙushe gawayi.
• kura da abubuwa masu dauke da jan karfe.

Idan an rufe duk amfanin gona a cikin aibobi, to yana da kyau a jefar da shi don kada rot ɗin launin ruwan kasa ya yadu zuwa tsire-tsire masu lafiya. Spastitsvetok ba zai yiwu ba.

Don hana cututtuka, suna aiwatar da al’ada tare da jan karfe sulfate. Ana amfani da shi sau ɗaya a wata. Orchids na nau’ikan Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, Cattlea, Papeopedilum suna iya kamuwa da cutar.

Bakar rube

Abubuwan da ke haifar da baƙar fata akan ganye:

• fesa ruwa a daki mai sanyi,
• rashin samun iska,
• raunana shuka rigakafi saboda cututtuka ko kwari.

Yaƙi da baƙar fata, cire lalacewa Wuka da ta lalace. Ana magance raunuka da gawayi ko cakuda Bordeaux. An dasa shukar. An maye gurbin substrate, tukwane suna haifuwa. Idan ganyen ya yi baki gaba daya, sai a jefar da su. Ana fesa amfanin gona kusa da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da tagulla.

An ba da yanayi masu dacewa don rigakafin orchids. Daga cikin nau’ikan da suka fi dacewa da wannan cuta, an bambanta Cattleya da Papeopedilum.

Tushen rube

Alamun sune ganyen launin ruwan kasa, saiwar ta zama tabo, sannan ta bushe kuma ta fara rubewa. . Tsarin yana zuwa wuyansa, kwan fitila, rhizome da mai tushe. Ganyayyaki rasa turgor, alagammana, mutu da fadi a kashe. Yanayin ci gaban cutar shine yawan zafin jiki da zafi, yawan ruwa.

Don magance tushen rot, ana bi da tushen da substrate. Don yin wannan, ana tsoma tukunyar a cikin maganin 0.2% na Fundazole ko Topsin. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a cikin matakai 3 tare da tazara na kwanaki 10-14. A substrate tsakanin waterings dole ne bushe gaba daya.

Lokacin da tushen tsarin ya lalace sosai, ya kamata ku yi ƙoƙarin girma sabo. Don yin wannan, an yanke sassan da suka lalace, an wanke sauran kuma an bushe su na tsawon sa’o’i da yawa. An dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa mai yawa, mai inganci. Ruwa da wuya. Idan tushen matasa sun girma, yana da daraja tabbatar da cewa tsarin lalata ba ya sake farawa.

Don hana cututtuka, ana amfani da cakuda ƙasa mai lalacewa lokacin dasa.

Orchids mai saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal daban-daban

Ruwan toka

Ganyen orchid an fara rufe shi da tabo masu duhu tare da siffa mai launin toka mai launin toka.A tsawon lokaci, ƙasa da furanni suna shafar ƙasa, inda tabo masu launin ruwan kasa suka bayyana.

Dalilan da ke faruwa:

• Iska mai sanyi,
• zafi mai yawa,
• wuce haddi nitrogen a lokacin da taki.

Maganin wannan cutar ta orchid shine a cire wuraren da suka lalace da fesa fungicides daga gindin kututtuka da ganye zuwa sama. Ba a amfani da magani sau biyu, yayin da fungi ke haɓaka juriya da shi.

Suna hana haɓakar launin toka ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan haɓaka rigakafi lokacin shayarwa. Ana ajiye furanni daga juna don guje wa kamuwa da cuta. Yi tsayayya da zafin jiki, zafi da adadin abubuwan abinci zuwa matakin da ya dace don wani nau’i na musamman. Cutar ta shafi Phalaenopsis, Cymbidium, Cattleya.

Fusarium rot

Sunan na biyu na cutar shine tracheomycosis. Yana farawa da tushen rot, ƙananan harbe kuma suna shafar. Farantin ganyen ya zama sako-sako, jujjuya kuma an rufe shi da ruwan hoda, kamar yadda mycelium na naman gwari ya toshe tasoshin shuka. Fusarium rot yana tasowa tare da mummunan yanayin iska a cikin ɗakin da kuma zafi mai yawa.

Don farfado da shuka, ɗauki matakai masu zuwa:

1. Sau 3 a rana, sanya tukunya a cikin maganin Fundazol 0.2%. Ana aiwatar da aikin na kwanaki 10.
2. Na ɗan lokaci, daina fesa amfanin gona.

A matsayin ma’auni na rigakafi, shaka dakin, amma tabbatar da cewa furen ba ya cikin daftarin aiki. Hakanan ana lura da ƙimar zafi mafi kyau. Ya kamata a la’akari da cewa Phalaenopsis, Miltonia, Epidendrum orchids sun fi kamuwa da cututtuka.

Rushewar mahaifa

Yana da wuya a gano rot a farkon matakan ci gaba, yana ci gaba a tsakiya. An lalata orchid a hankali: ganye suna juya rawaya a wuyansa kuma su faɗi. Dalilin shine doguwar tuntuɓar tushen da ruwa.

Idan wuyan wuya ya shafi amfanin gona, ba za a iya warkewa ba. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a lura da matsakaiciyar ruwa, jiran substrate ya bushe tsakanin tushen.

Anthracnose

An kafa wurare masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da iyaka akan ganye. Bayan lokaci, suna girma, suna haɗuwa a manyan wurare. Har ila yau yana rinjayar rassan da harbe-harbe, wanda wuraren da aka raunana suka bayyana. Suna hana kwararar abubuwan gina jiki zuwa duk gabobin da ke girma. Abubuwan baƙin ciki suna da haske mai launin ruwan kasa kuma suna da siffa mai tsayi. Kadan kadan suna karuwa. A cikin matakai na gaba na cutar, ɓacin rai yana ɗaukar launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko shuɗi.

Anthracnose yana bayyana ta tabo mai launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da iyaka

Idan dakin yana dumi kuma ya bushe, wuraren da abin ya shafa za su fashe. A lokacin zafi mai yawa, yadudduka suna ruɓe kuma suna karyewa tare da taɓawa, idan ba a kula da cutar ba, ganyen ya zama launin ruwan kasa, kuma a ƙarshe duk ɓangaren ƙasa ya mutu. Kyakkyawan yanayi don ci gaban cutar shine:

• zazzabi 23 °,
• zafi 87-88%,
• rashin potassium, alli,
• high acidity.

Idan anthracnose ya shafi wani orchid, dole ne a bi da shi tare da fungicides. Wajibi ne a bi da tsire-tsire tare da Skor ko Oksikhom, Fundazol, Ridomil Gold, Previkur ko wasu. Ana yin fesa a cikin matakai 2-3 tare da tazara na kwanaki 7. Ƙananan cutarwa ga muhalli sune Fitosporin-M da Gamair. Ana cire wuraren da suka lalace. Bayan maganin warkewa, ana rage shayarwa kuma an dakatar da ciyarwa na ɗan lokaci.

Ana kare matsalar cutar ta hanyar samar da amfanin gona da danshi na kashi 40 zuwa 70%. Har ila yau a kai a kai iska da wuraren. Ruwan daga axils na ganye da kuma tsakiya na kwan fitila ana danshi da adiko na goge baki. Pheniopsis, Miltonia, Oncidium, Paphiopedilum sun shahara saboda juriya ga anthracnose.

Farin fure

Alamun wannan cuta a cikin orchids sune halayyar fararen fata akan ganye, mai tushe, furanni. Ganyen launin ruwan kasa na tsawon lokaci daga ƙasa, launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana a sama. Saboda wannan, tsarin photosynthesis ya katse, wanda ke rage girman girma da ci gaban shuka. Siffofin da suka lalace suna bayyana. Idan an nade litas ɗin, rigar ta lalace. Ramukan sun kasance a cikinsa. Cutar ta yaɗu a cikin yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano.

Ya kamata a fara magani nan da nan lokacin da gabobin orchid suka zama fari. Ya kamata a yi yaƙi da mildew foda tare da ɗayan waɗannan fungicides Topaz, Skor, Khom, jan karfe sulfate, da sauransu. An yanke wuraren da abin ya shafa kuma an lalata su. Dole ne a sarrafa furen a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi, bushewa. Aiwatar da maganin aƙalla sau 3 tare da tazara na kwanaki 10.

Duk nau’ikan suna da sauƙin kamuwa da mildew powdery. Don kare amfanin gona daga gare ta, dole ne ku bi waɗannan dokoki:

• amfani da tsaftataccen kayan aiki,
• dasa shukar da aka saya,
• cire substrate,
• don kula da kyau,
• fesa fure tare da Fitosporin-M.

Alamun powdery mildew: halayyar farin launi a kan ganye, mai tushe, furanni

Motsi

Ga dangin orchid, cutar tana da wuya. Kuna iya tantance wannan ta ɗan tabo a ƙasan ganyen, wanda ya juya ja bayan ɗan lokaci. Sa’an nan fungal sporulation faruwa. Yana shafar tsire-tsire masu rauni.

Dole ne ku kawar da matsalar ta hanyar cire wuraren da suka lalace ko duka takardar. Ana bi da yankan tare da murƙushe gawayi mai kunnawa ko 20% barasa. Ana fesa shuka tare da ɗayan waɗannan hanyoyin: Topsin-M, Ridomil, Speed

Wajibi ne a kula da al’ada akai-akai tare da kwayoyi waɗanda ke ƙara yawan rigakafi. Wannan zai hana kamuwa da tsatsa, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kulawa mai kyau.

Namomin kaza (baƙar fata)

Dalilin ci gaban cutar ya ta’allaka ne a cikin lalacewar shuka ta hanyar kwari irin su aphids, mealybugs da kwari masu sikelin. A cikin asiri mai dadi da suke ɓoyewa, naman gwari ya bayyana. Wani baƙar fata yana buɗe wanda ke toshe stomata na ganye kuma yana hana samun haske. Itacen yana raunana kuma a ƙarshe ya mutu. Yana shafar matasa amfanin gona.

Cutar tana ci gaba a cikin ɗakunan da ke da ƙarancin yanayin iska, inda zafin jiki ya yi yawa. Hakanan yana bunƙasa a cikin yanayi mai tsananin zafi da cunkoson tsire-tsire na cikin gida.

Idan amfanin gona ya haɓaka baƙar fata naman gwari, dole ne:

• fesa shi da fungicides – Mikosan ya fi aminci, ana amfani da Topsin-M. Skor dan Ridomil
• yanke sassan da abin ya shafa,
• tsaftataccen tsatsa mai tsafta tare da soso mai danshi ko sanya orchid a ƙarƙashin ruwan dumi,
• sannan a bushe shi don gudun kada danshi ya taso.
• Idan an gano kwari, kawar da su tare da maganin kwari ko wasu hanyoyin: 1 l na ruwa, 150 g na sabulu da aka rushe, 5 g na jan karfe sulfate.

Cercosporosis

A cewar bayanin, wannan cuta ce mai saurin kamuwa da fungi. Siffar ta musamman – akwai wuraren da ke da siffar zagaye (kasa da yawa sau da yawa), wanda daga baya ya juya rawaya kuma ya haɗu zuwa manyan da’irori. Bayan lokaci, rufe takardar gaba daya. Tsofaffin tabo sun juya launin ruwan kasa Cutar tana tasowa a cikin yanayin ƙarancin zafi. Yawancin lokaci yana shafar cercosporosis na Cattleya, Cymbidum, Oncidium, Dendrobium. Tun da ganyen Cattleya suna da ƙarfi, suna juya fari ko rawaya tare da cuta.

Don cire cercosporosis, kana buƙatar cire wuraren da aka lalace, bi da wuraren da aka yanke tare da kore ko kunna gawayi. Ya kamata a fesa shuka tare da fungicides. Nau’in-dace kulawa zai zama kyakkyawan rigakafi.

Motsi

Farin gashi mai gashi a kan guntun haushi, a saman ƙasa, tushen, da kara suma alamun cutar Orchid Phalaenopsis ne. Wannan gyaggyarawa ce ta haifar da ci gaban ruɓaɓɓen mold ko fungi: launin ruwan kasa ko na kwayan cuta. Har sai sun kasance a cikin kwanciyar hankali, kuma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, ana kunna su.

Idan substrate ya kasance m, to, a farkon mataki na ci gaban cutar, ya zama sako-sako da bushewa. Lokaci na gaba shayar lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe gaba ɗaya. An sanya al’adun a wuri mai haske.

Lokacin da tushen tsarin da mai tushe ya zama m, an cire shuka kuma an wanke shi da ruwan dumi (30-35 ° C). Tushen suna jiƙa na minti 10-15 a cikin wani rauni mai rauni na fungicides. An dasa furen, yana lalata tukunya da substrate. Bayan haka, kada ku sha ruwa har tsawon kwanaki 2-5. Kulawa mai kyau da tsabta zai hana ci gaban mold.

Tabo na kwayoyin cuta

Ganyen ya zama rawaya, sannan ya yi duhu kuma ya zama ƙwanƙwasa, an rufe su da ɗimbin tabo da gyambon kuka mai launin rawaya. Kwayoyin cuta suna shiga nama ta hanyar microcracks ko bude stomata. Tushen ganye da jijiyar lobular galibi sune wurin bayyanar.

Jiyya na orchids don ƙwayoyin cuta a gida: cire wuraren da ba su da lafiya, bi da raunuka tare da kore mai haske, aidin ko gawayi da aka kunna. An ware shukar don hana kamuwa da wasu amfanin gona. A cikin lokuta masu rikitarwa, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin rigakafi.

Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri

A gida, da wuya su shafi amfanin gona. Bayyanar tabo na mosaic akan ganye da furanni. Wani lokaci farantin ganyen ya zama rataye ko lanƙwasa. Har yanzu wuraren suna zagaye.

Dalilai:

• hypothermia ko overheating,
• wuce haddi ko rashin ruwa.

Jiyya Phalaenopsis orchids ba zai haifar da wannan cuta ba, dole ne a cire su.

Sauran cututtuka

Cututtukan Orchid da maganin su galibi ana danganta su da rashin isasshen kulawa.

Rashin isasshen haske

Rashin haske mara kyau yana barazanar bayyanar cututtuka:

• yankakken ganye,
• rauni, maras kyau da elongated growths ci gaba da cewa ba su samar da harbe.

Ee Idan fararen tabo ko tabo sun bayyana akan ganyen, wannan yana nuna kunar rana. Don kauce wa wannan, shuka a hankali ya dace da rana a cikin bazara. An shaded Kada a fesa a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye don kada ɗigon ruwan zafi ya haifar da konewa.

Idan harbe sun bushe, shuka ba ta da isasshen haske. Lokacin da aka fallasa shi zuwa haske a cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, yana da daraja sosai kiyaye nesa na 20-30 cm, in ba haka ba shuka zai sami ƙonewar thermal. Bayan lokaci, za su bushe, amma tabo za su kasance.

Tsarin ban ruwa mara daidai

Idan ganye sun fadi, sun zama bakin ciki ko kuma sun lalace, kuna buƙatar duba danshi na ƙasa.

Lokacin da substrate ya bushe, su kuma fashe cikin rabi.

Lokacin shayar da busasshiyar shuka, ana jigilar ruwa da sauri zuwa wuraren da ke da matsala. Yana tarawa a can, bayan haka an tsage kyallen takarda, don haka watering dole ne ya dace.

Edema yana bayyana saboda dalilai masu zuwa:

• dogon saduwa da ruwa,
• yawan shayarwa a cikin daki mai sanyi.

Lokacin da rigar tabo ya bayyana, ya kamata a cire su nan da nan tare da takarda tace, yayin da suke girma da sauri. Sai shukar tayi barazanar rubewa. Ba za ku iya sanya shi a kan windowsill mai sanyi ba bayan shayarwa.

Rashin isasshen yanayin zafi

Ba za ku iya barin furanni a kan baranda mara zafi tare da matsanancin sanyi don kada su ɓace. Lokacin da iska, ana cire tukwane tare da orchid daga taga, in ba haka ba ganye zasu daskare. A ƙananan zafin jiki, suna fashe, murɗawa da matsi, harbe sun juya bazuwa.

Kararraki suna fitowa a tsakiya ko a gefen ganye saboda hypothermia. Idan tukwicinsu sun lalace, shuka zai iya sha wahala daga zayyana. Tare da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki, faranti na ganye kuma suna fashe kuma suna bifurcate, gefuna suna haskakawa.

Idan an yi shayarwa daidai kuma ganye suna wrinkled, yana da daraja motsa furen zuwa wuri mai sanyaya. Sa’an nan evaporation na danshi zai ragu.

Ba daidai ba sashi na takin mai magani

Ta hanyar amfani da kowane nau’in abinci mai gina jiki cikin girman kai, amfanin gona yana daina haɓakawa. Tushen ba ya girma, ganye ya zama sluggish. Tushen da ya kone sakamakon yawan taki yana bayyana a matattun sa. Ganyayyaki jita-jita suna ɗaukar launin ruwan kasa. Wani lokaci, sakamakon yawan abun ciki na sukari, ɗigon ɗigon ruwa yana bayyana akan su. Idan ruwa ya fashe, yana iya zama sakamakon wuce gona da iri.

Lokacin da akwai mai yawa nitrogen a cikin substrate, farantin ganye yana shimfiɗa. Green taro yana girma, peduncles sau da yawa ba sa samuwa. Idan flowering ya faru, to, harbe sun kasance kaɗan. Orchid tare da takin mai magani ya kamata a bi da shi tare da ruwan zafi mai zafi. Ana yin aikin sau ɗaya a mako.

Idan ganye suna haske, to amfanin gona ba shi da isasshen nitrogen. Lokacin da aka murƙushe, ana ba da magnesium, potassium, phosphorus ga tsofaffin shuke-shuke, boron, jan karfe, manganese ga tsire-tsire masu tasowa.

Substrate compaction

Idan ganye suna flabby da flabby, kuna buƙatar duba yanayin cakuda ƙasa, a tsawon lokaci, yana rasa numfashi saboda haɓakawa, wanda ke haɓaka ta hanyar fungi da algae na ƙasa. Don haka tushen ba sa samun isashshen iskar oxygen. Suka fara nutsewa.

Rashin zafi mara kyau

Idan amfanin gona ya fadi ko ya sauke ganye ko kuma sun zama ƙasa da na roba, dalilin shine ƙarancin zafi. Yana da haɗari musamman a hade tare da yanayin zafi. Danshi yana ƙafe sosai daga kyallen takarda, tushen ba su da lokaci don rama shi. Har ila yau, kwararan fitila, furanni, da buds suma sun bushe. Lokacin da orchids Phalaenopsis ke fama da cututtuka saboda rashin kulawa, dole ne a canza yanayin tsarewa, in ba haka ba tsire-tsire za su ɓace. Ƙimar zafi ya kamata ya kasance sama da 30-40%.

Karin kwari

Idan tsinkaya ya bayyana akan ganye – asirin kwari mai dadi, yana da daraja bincika shuka don kasancewar irin waɗannan kwari:

• aphids,
• farin kwari,
• Woodlouse,
• tsutsotsi tsutsotsi.

Kuda mai ƙuda yana haifar da ƙarin matsalolin gaba ɗaya.Yana tsotse ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga cikin kyallen takarda, yana fitar da sirrin sirri. Tubers da girma suna samuwa a kan ganyen orchid, suna nannade. Ana cire kwari tare da maganin barasa. Lokacin da suke da yawa, dole ne a bi da al’ada tare da Fitoverm. Sauya substrate da tukunya.

Hanyoyin magance kwari na Orchid

Lokacin da ƙwanƙwasa ta bayyana akan furanni da buds ko kuma a gefen ganye, ƙwayar gizo-gizo ta bugi amfanin gona. Tare da ci-gaba mataki na cutar, da shuka rasa turgor, ganye curd da bushe fita. Kwarin yana tsotse ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga shuka, wanda ke haifar da mutuwarsa a kan lokaci.

Kula da kwaro kamar haka:

• wanke shuka da sabulu da ruwa,
• gwada wurin da yake da tukunyar fure,
• shayar da kuma sanya na tsawon kwanaki 3 a cikin jakar filastik, tabbatar da cewa zafin jiki ba ya lalata furen.

Wani nau’in al’ada kuma yana kashe nematodes – kwari masu haske 1-2 mm tsayi. Lokacin da suka mamaye ganyen, ganyen ya lalace, ɓangarorin furrows da facin haske a kansu. Idan sun yi duhu, cutar ta riga ta gudana. Yawan launuka sannan ya ragu. Matattu spots suna bayyana a kan pseudobulbs, pimples suna bayyana a tushen. Don magance nematode, suna yin manipulations masu zuwa:

• ware furen,
• zuba shi da wani bayani na Decaris ko Levamisal (1 kwamfutar hannu da 1 lita na ruwa),
• sanya shukar a ƙarƙashin ruwan zafi mai zafi (40˚С).

ƙarshe

Maganin cututtukan Orchid Phalaenopsis wani muhimmin mataki ne a cikin noman amfanin gona.Lokacin da aka gano mafi ƙarancin bayyanar cututtuka, ya kamata a dauki matakan gaggawa. Sannan cutar ba za ta shiga tsaka mai wuya ba.

Lokacin siyan, yana da daraja a hankali yin nazarin bayanin game da orchid da cututtuka. Dole ne a ba da garantin mafi kyawun yanayi.