Nephrolepis an yi imani da shi yana taka rawar ‘tace iska’ mai rai. Musamman ma, an yi imani da cewa wannan shuka yana da ikon sha da kuma kawar da tururin abubuwa masu cutarwa ga lafiyar ɗan adam, kamar xylene, toluene da formaldehyde. Yana kawar da wannan shuka da abubuwan da ke shiga rufaffiyar daki tare da iskar da mutane ke fitarwa.
Nephrolepis cordifolia. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Forest da Kim Starr
Bugu da ƙari, an yi imani da nephrolepis don rage yawan ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin iska. A sakamakon haka, yana da sauƙin numfashi a cikin dakin da ke cikin nephrolepis. Al’ummar ƴan asalin ƙasar Guyana suna amfani da ganyen nephrolepis mai sarƙaƙƙiya guda biyu don warkar da raunuka da yanke.
Nephrolepis ana daukar daya daga cikin mafi kyawun ferns. Zai fi kyau a sanya shi a cikin ɗaki ɗaya kawai. A cikin kusancin nephrolepis tare da wasu tsire-tsire ko kayan daki, ganyen fern mai rauni na iya lalacewa.
Abun ciki:
Bayanin nephrolepis
Nephrolepis (Nephrolepis) Yana da nau’in ferns a cikin iyalin Lomariopsis, amma a wasu nau’o’in an haɗa shi a cikin iyalin Davalliev. Sunan jinsin ya samo asali ne daga kalmomin Helenanci nephros (νεφρ -) – “koda” da lepis (λεπίς) – “ma’auni”, a cikin siffar mayafi.
Halin Nephrolepsis ya ƙunshi nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan 30, wasu daga cikinsu suna girma a waje don haka suna jure wa hasken rana da kyau. Nephrolepis yana girma a wurare masu zafi na Amurka, Afirka, kudu maso gabashin Asiya, da Ostiraliya. A waje da wurare masu zafi, ana samun nephrolepis a Japan da New Zealand.
Takaitaccen mai tushe na shuka yana haifar da harbe-harbe na bakin ciki wanda sabbin rosettes na ganye suka haɓaka. Ganyen suna da tsayi, suna kula da ci gaban apical na shekaru da yawa kuma sun kai tsayin 3 m ko fiye. Ana samun sori a cikin nephrolepis a ƙarshen veins. Suna zagaye ko elongated tare da gefen, kamar a cikin nephrolepis acuminata. Mayafin yana zagaye ko babba, an gyara shi a wuri ko kuma haɗe tare da tushe. Sporangia akan ƙafafu, shekarun da basu dace ba a cikin sorus iri ɗaya. Ƙanƙarar ƙanana ne, tare da gadon gashin fuka-fukai fiye ko žasa a fili.
Baya ga haifuwa na yau da kullun tare da taimakon spores, nephrolepis yana haifuwa cikin sauƙin vegetatively. A kan rhizomes nasa, an kafa harbe masu tushe, ba tare da ganye ba kuma an rufe su da ma’auni, kama da gashin-baki na strawberry. Yana da matukar tasiri mai kiwo. A cikin shekara guda, shuka zai iya samar da sababbin sababbin fiye da ɗari. Wasu nau’ikan wannan nau’in suna haifuwa tare da taimakon tubers, waɗanda aka kafa da yawa akan harbe-harbe na ƙasa – stolons.
Nephrolepis mechidny. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Mokkie
Halayen nephrolepis.
da zazzabiNephrolepis na cikin ferns na thermophilic, saboda wannan yanayin zafin jiki na kusan 20-22 ° C a lokacin rani yana da kyawawa, a cikin hunturu ba ƙasa da 13-15 ° C. Ba ya jure wa zane.
Walkiya: Wurin don nephrolepis ya kamata ya zama mai haske sosai, amma inuwa daga hasken rana kai tsaye, inuwa mai haske yana karɓa. Nephrolepis na iya girma a wurare masu duhu, amma daji zai zama mai laushi da muni.
ban ruwa: Ruwa kawai tare da tsayayyen ruwa wanda bai ƙunshi lemun tsami ba. Watering yana da yawa a cikin bazara da lokacin rani, matsakaici a cikin hunturu, amma ƙasa dole ne ta kasance m koyaushe. Tushen wuyansa yana tsayawa daga tukunya a kan lokaci, yana yin wahalar shayarwa, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin ana ba da shawarar shayarwa daga pallet.
Top miya tare da ruwa taki don na cikin gida deciduous ornamental shuke-shuke daga Mayu zuwa Agusta kowane mako biyu. Ko taki ana diluted mako-mako.
HaushiNephrolepis, duk da juriya, ba ya jure wa bushewar iska don haka yana buƙatar fesa akai-akai. Mafi kyawun zafi yana kusa da 50-55%. Ya kamata a ajiye shuka daga radiators da batura.
Dasawa: Ana yin dashen dashen ne a cikin bazara, kawai lokacin da tushen ya cika tukunyar duka. Ƙasa ya kamata ya sami ɗan acid dauki. Ƙasa: 1 part ciyawar haske, 1 part leaf, part 1 part peat, 1 part humus ƙasa da 1 part yashi.
Sake bugun: Haihuwa yafi ta hanyar rarrabawa ko rarrabuwa.
Nephrolepis sublime. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Kor! An
Nephrolepis kulawa
Nephrolepis ya fi son haske mai yaduwa, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Mafi kyawun wuri don jeri shine tagogin da ke fuskantar yamma ko gabas. A cikin tagogin da ke fuskantar kudu, an sanya nephrolepis nesa da taga ko kuma an samar da haske mai yaduwa tare da zane ko takarda (gauze, tulle, takarda ganowa).
A ranakun zafi mai zafi, ana iya fitar da shi zuwa sararin samaniya ( baranda, lambun), amma dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana, ruwan sama da zane. Idan ba ku da damar sanya shuka a waje a lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar iska a kai a kai cikin dakin.
A cikin hunturu, nephrolepsis yana da haske sosai. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙarin hasken wuta ta amfani da fitilun fitilu, sanya su a kan shuka a nesa na 50-60 cm, na akalla sa’o’i 8 a rana. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, shi ma wajibi ne don shayar da ɗakin, amma ya kamata a kauce wa zane-zane.
Don ci gaban nasara da jin daɗin nephrolepis a cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine kusan 20 ° C, a yanayin zafi sama da 24 ° C, dole ne a sami zafi mai zafi, tunda baya jure yanayin zafi.
A cikin kaka-hunturu, mafi kyawun zafin jiki yana cikin 14-15 ° C, watakila 3 ° C ƙananan, amma a wannan yanayin, an rage yawan ruwa da shayar da hankali kuma a cikin karamin adadin. Iska mai zafi da yawa yana lalata shukar, don haka yana da kyau a sanya shi kusa da radiators dumama. Dole ne a guje wa zane-zane.
A cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, ana shayar da nephrolepis sosai bayan saman Layer na substrate ya bushe. A cikin hunturu, watering yana da matsakaici, bayan kwana ɗaya ko biyu, bayan saman Layer na substrate ya bushe. Ba shi yiwuwa a wuce gona da iri, ƙasa ya kamata koyaushe ya zama ɗan ɗanɗano. Nephrolepis baya kula da bushewar bazata daga coma na ƙasa kamar sauran ferns, amma yana da kyau a guji shi. Ganyen ganye na iya bushewa daga wannan.
Kamar kowane ferns, nephrolepis ya fi son babban zafi na iska. Fesa yana da amfani a gare ku a duk shekara. Fesa da ruwa mai kyau ko tacewa. Don nephrolepis, ya zama dole don zaɓar wuri tare da matsakaicin zafi na iska. Tare da bushewar iska na cikin gida, kuna buƙatar fesa aƙalla sau ɗaya, kuma da kyau sau biyu a rana. Don ƙara zafi, ana iya sanya shukar a kan pallet tare da gansakuka, yumbu mai faɗi, ko tsakuwa. A wannan yanayin, kada kasan tukunyar ya taɓa ruwa.
Lokaci-lokaci, ana iya wanke nephrolepis a ƙarƙashin shawa. Wannan hanya tana wanke shuka daga ƙura, da kuma ji daɗin fronds; Lokacin wankewa, rufe tukunyar da jaka don kada ruwa ya shiga cikin substrate.
Ana ciyar da Nephrolepis a lokacin girma kowane mako tare da diluted taki (1 / 4-1 / 5 na al’ada) don tsire-tsire tare da ganye na ado. Ba sa ciyarwa a cikin kaka da hunturu; ciyarwa a wannan lokacin na iya haifar da mummunar cutar shuka.
An dasa ƙaramin fern sau ɗaya a shekara a cikin bazara, kuma tsire-tsire masu girma – bayan shekaru 1-2. Yana da kyau a sake dasa fern a cikin tukwane na filastik, wanda ke riƙe danshin ƙasa fiye da tukwane. A wannan yanayin, tukwane ya kamata su kasance masu faɗi da ƙasa, tun da tushen tsarin fern yana girma cikin faɗin.
Lokacin da tukunya ya zama ƙarami ga shuka, launinsa ya ɓace kuma ƙananan ganye ya yi girma sosai, frond ya bushe. Lokacin girma a cikin tukunya tare da diamita na 12 cm, tsayin ganyen nephrolepis yakan kai 45-50 cm. Hakanan akwai samfurori mafi girma, masu ganye har zuwa 75 cm tsayi. Shuka yana girma sosai a duk shekara.
Matsakaicin (pH 5-6,5) ya kamata ya zama haske kuma ya ƙunshi daidaitattun sassa na ƙasa tare da babban abun ciki na peat, conifers da ƙasa kore tare da ƙari na abinci na kashi (gram 5 da 1 kg na cakuda). Hakanan za’a iya girma a cikin tsaftataccen peat mai kauri cm 20, haka kuma a cikin cakuda sassa 4 na ƙasa mai ɗanɗano, ɓangaren peat da yashi ɗaya. Yana da amfani don ƙara gawayi zuwa ƙasa; wannan wakili ne mai kyau na ƙwayoyin cuta.
Ana Buƙatar Ruwa Mai Kyau – Nephrolepis yana son ƙasa mai laushi, amma yana da matukar raɗaɗi don jure wa tsayawar ruwa da acidification na ƙasa. A lokacin dasawa, kada a rufe wuyan fern tare da ƙasa; bar saman rhizome a saman duniya. Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki, shayar da shuka sosai kuma a kula da danshin abin da ke cikin ƙasa na mako guda don kada ƙananan ganye ya bushe.
Nephrolepis mechidny. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Mokkie
Haihuwar nephrolepis
Nephrolepis yana yaduwa ta hanyar spores (da wuya), ta hanyar tushen harbe-harbe ba tare da ganye ba, rarraba rhizome (daji), wasu nau’ikan ta hanyar stolons (tubers).
Lokacin da shuka ya yadu daga spores da aka kafa akan ƙananan ganyen, ana shuka shi a farkon bazara, zai fi dacewa a cikin gandun daji, mai zafi daga ƙasa, inda zafin jiki na 21 ° C yana kiyayewa.
Yanke ganye daga shuka kuma a goge spores akan takarda. Cika gidan gandun daji tare da magudanar ruwa da ƙasa maras kyau don shuka iri. Shayar da ƙasa da kyau kuma yada spores daidai gwargwado. Rufe gandun daji da gilashi kuma sanya shi a cikin duhu, wuri mai dumi. Cire gilashin a taƙaice kowace rana don samun iska, amma kar a bar ƙasa ta bushe. Ya kamata a adana gandun daji a cikin duhu har sai tsire-tsire sun bayyana (wannan zai faru a cikin makonni 4-12).
Sa’an nan kuma canza shi zuwa wuri mai haske kuma cire gilashin. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi girma, suna barin mafi ƙarfi a nesa na 2,5 cm daga juna. Samfuran samari waɗanda suka haɓaka da kyau bayan sun bushe ana iya dasa su cikin tukwane tare da ƙasa peat: 2-3 tsire-tsire tare.
A cikin nephrolepis, ban da ganye, an kafa harbe-harbe na ƙasa maras ganye, waɗanda ke da sauƙin samun tushe. Ana danna harbe da yawa (shafukan) a saman ƙasa na wani tukunya tare da cokali mai yatsu ko guntun waya. Shayar da yankan domin tukunyar da aka girka ta zama m koyaushe. Lokacin da cuttings suka girma kuma suna da sababbin ganye, an raba su a hankali daga uwar shuka.
Lokacin dasawa nephrolepis na manya a cikin Fabrairu-Maris, zaku iya raba rhizome a hankali, amma don kowane yanki ya sami maki girma. Idan akwai ci gaba ɗaya kawai ko kuma sun kasance kaɗan a adadi, to ba zai yiwu a raba shuka ba, wannan zai iya haifar da mutuwa. Matasa tsire-tsire, bayan rarraba, ba sa fara girma nan da nan. Ana dasa kowane bangare a cikin tukunya daban, an rufe shi da jakar filastik bayyananne, a sanya shi a wuri mai haske, dumi (ba hasken rana kai tsaye) kuma a shayar da shi akai-akai tare da fesa, sannan a sha iska lokaci-lokaci.
Nephrolepis cordifolia yana samun nasarar yaduwa ta tubers (stolons). Mafi girma ya kai tsayin 2-2,5 m. Matasan tubers fari ne ko azurfa saboda yawan ma’auni waɗanda ke rufe saman su. A lokacin da rabu, da tubers iya germinate nan da nan ba tare da wani dormancy lokaci. Yawancin lokaci shuka yana tsiro daga tuber. Kullum tana da ganye na yau da kullun, kamar ganyen shukar uwar.
Nephrolepis cordifolia. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com kadan kadan
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa a cikin ci gaban nephrolepis.
Ƙananan zafi a cikin ɗakin, wanda ke haifar da bushewa na tukwici na wai da faɗuwar su, da kuma ba da gudummawa ga kamuwa da cuta ta mites.
Hasken rana kai tsaye yana haifar da ƙonewa akan tsire-tsire.
Kada kayi amfani da shirye-shirye don sa ganye suyi haske.
Kada takin shuka a cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, wannan yana haifar da cutar nephrolepis.
Domin fern ya yi girma cikin nasara, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙananan haske. A cikin tsire-tsire masu nauyi, shuka ba ya haɓaka da kyau kuma yana iya mutuwa: ƙasa ta zama mai tsami kuma tushen ba ya girma.
Nau’in nephrolepis
Nephrolepis exaltata (Nephrolepis exaltata)
Ƙasar gida: wurare masu zafi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Tsire-tsire na ƙasa ko epiphytic tare da ɗan gajeren rhizome na tsaye tare da rosette na manyan ganye, har zuwa 70 cm tsayi, waɗanda ke da fuka-fuki a saman. Ganyayyaki sune lanceolate, haske kore, ɗan gajeren petiolate. Segments (“fuka-fukan”) lanceolate, dl. 5 cm da ƙari, serrated-ƙirƙira tare da gefe. Tare da tsufa, ganyen ya juya rawaya kuma ya faɗi.
A kasan sassan, kusa da gefen, akwai sori mai zagaye, a cikin layuka biyu a kowane gefe na tsakiya na tsakiya. A kan rhizome, maras leaf, scaly tushen harbe (eyelashes) form, bada Yunƙurin zuwa sabon shuke-shuke. Sori ya zagaye, an shirya shi cikin layuka biyu a kowane gefen jijiya ta tsakiya, kusa da gefen.
Akwai nau’ikan lambun da yawa a cikin al’adu, sun bambanta da matakin rarrabuwa na sassan.
- Bostoniensis – Wannan iri-iri da sauri ya sami karbuwa a bangarorin biyu na Atlantic, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin nau’ikan fern na Boston sun riga sun wanzu a yau, kamar Rooseveltii (babba, tare da ganyen wavy), Maassii (m, tare da ganyen wavy) da Scottii (m. tare da ganye masu kauri). nade gefan ganye).
Akwai nau’o’in ganye masu nau’in pinnate guda biyu, wanda kowace ganye, bi da bi, tana rarraba pinnate. Akwai nau’i mai nau’i mai nau’i uku da hudu masu rarraba ganye, ta yadda dukan shuka yayi kama da yadin da aka saka. Waɗannan su ne Fluffy Ruffles (ganye biyu masu gashin fuka-fukai), whitmanh (ganye mai fuka-fuki sau uku), da smithii (ganyen fuka-fukai masu quadruple).
Nephrolepis sublime. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Jerzy Opiola
Tsarin Nephrolepis
Ƙasar gida: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da na wurare masu zafi na duka hemispheres. Ya bambanta daga baya jinsuna a tuberous kumburi kafa a kan subterranean harbe (stolons), kazalika da ganye directed kusan vertically sama (a N. daukaka, ganye suna lankwasa) kuma tare da mafi m tsari na segments, sau da yawa interlaced superimposed tsakanin Ee. . A cikin al’ada tun 1841
Nephrolepis xiphoid (Nephrolepis biserrata)
Ƙasar Gida – Amurka ta tsakiya, Florida, tsibiran Atlantika masu zafi. Ganyen suna da girma, tsawon sama da mita, wani lokacin har zuwa mita 2,5. Babu tubers. Wannan nau’in ya fi dacewa da noman greenhouse fiye da dakuna.
Nephrolepis yana da kyau a matsayin shuka mai girma kuma ana iya sanya shi a cikin tukunya na yau da kullun da kwandon rataye. Ya dace sosai don girma a cikin hanyoyi da matakai, da kuma a cikin gidan wanka idan akwai taga. Kada a yi amfani da sinadarai don sa ganye suyi haske.
