Phalaenopsis shine fure mai canzawa. Amma idan kun tsara kulawar orchid daidai a gida, zaku faranta masa rai da furanni masu yawa aƙalla sau 2 a shekara. Kulawa, ban da shayarwa da suturar sama, ya haɗa da tsara wani matakin zafi da zafin iska, sake dasa tukunya.
Features na namo da kuma kula da orchids
Sharuddan tsarewa
Yana da sauƙi don kula da orchid a gida, yana yiwuwa a tsara yanayin da ake bukata don shi.
Haskewa
Orchid yana son matsakaicin haske. Idan babu isasshen haske, ba ya yin fure. Idan hasken ya yi tsanani sosai, phalaenopsis yana ƙonewa. Don shuka, windowsill na rana ya dace. A cikin hunturu, phalaenopsis yana buƙatar sa’o’i 2-3 na kirgawa.
Ƙayyade idan orchid yana da isasshen haske ta launi na farantin ganye. Idan sun cika da kore, to babu isasshen haske. Idan ganyen ya fara rawaya, yana nufin akwai haske da yawa.
Don sanya tukunya tare da tukunyar fure dole ne a kan tagogin gabas.
Temperatura
Domin orchids a cikin tukwane masu haske kada su shuɗe, dole ne su samar da wani tsarin zafin jiki. Ya bambanta dan kadan ya danganta da nau’in phalaenopsis. Amma yawancin tsire-tsire suna jin daɗi a yanayin zafi. A lokacin rana, 18-27 ° C, da dare 13-24 ° C.
An tsara bambancin zafin jiki ta hanyar canja wurin tukwane da dare zuwa baranda mai rufi ko loggia.
Idan yanayin zafin iska ya fi girma, ana shayar da fure sau da yawa. Idan yana ƙasa da al’ada, an rage yawan ban ruwa.
Haushi
Kulawa da kyau na orchids a gida yana buƙatar bin ka’idoji game da zafi. Mafi kyawun zafi shine 60 zuwa 80%.
Don ƙirƙirar yanayi masu dacewa don furen, an shigar da tire tare da grid cike da ruwa a ƙarƙashin tukunyar. Tushen shuka da kasan kwanon rufi kada su kasance cikin hulɗa da ruwa.
Mafi kyawun zafi don orchids daga 60 zuwa 80%
A lokacin rani, ya kamata a fesa ganye da ruwa a cikin zafin jiki. Yi haka da rana. Da dare, ganyen shuka ya kamata ya bushe.
Idan zafi na iska yana cikin iyakokin al’ada, ya kamata a tsara yanayin yanayin iska a cikin dakin. Wannan lokacin yana da mahimmanci musamman ga waɗannan nau’ikan da ke son sanyi. Idan iskar yanayi a cikin dakin bai isa ba, yi amfani da magoya bayan lantarki. A lokacin aikin fan, kada wani daftarin aiki ya yi.
Kungiyar ban ruwa
Kulawar orchid daidai a gida ya haɗa da shayarwa. Wasu phalaenopsis suna buƙatar substrate ya kasance mai ɗanɗano koyaushe. Ana shayar da sauran tsire-tsire lokacin da substrate ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Lokacin siyan furen, kuna buƙatar tuntuɓar mai ba da shawara kan kantin sayar da kayayyaki akan wannan batun kuma kuyi nazarin bayanin game da shuka.
Tare da yawan shayarwa, tushen shuka ya yi baƙi kuma ya ɓata, ganye suna duhu. Tare da rashin danshi, faranti na ganye sun juya launin rawaya kuma suna fara murƙushewa, pseudobulbs sun ɓace. Har ila yau, ƙarfin ban ruwa ya dogara da lokacin fure. A lokacin fitar da peduncle da flowering, yawan waterings yana ƙaruwa. Yana buƙatar ban ruwa tare da girma mai aiki. Bayan flowering, an rage yawan waterings.
Maimakon shayarwa na yau da kullun, ana shayar da su daga shawa na mintuna da yawa. Sa’an nan kuma a bar ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri ya zube kuma a mayar da shuka zuwa ga taga.
Wani zaɓi: ana sanya tukwane na mintina 15 a cikin akwati da aka cika da ruwa. Ta hanyar ramukan magudanar ruwa, ruwan zai shiga cikin tukunyar kuma ya jiƙa magudanar ruwa. Bayan wani lokaci, ana cire tukwane kuma an bar ruwan da ya wuce gona da iri. Ana shayar da orchids kawai da ruwan dumi.
Phalaenopsis substrate
Lokacin girma orchids a gida, yi amfani da substrate na musamman. Dole ne:
- bari iska ta ratsa cikin rijiyar.
- kiyaye mafi ƙarancin adadin ruwa,
- hana tukunyar fadowa daga cikin tukunyar.
Ƙasar al’ada ba ta ƙyale iska ta wuce ta kuma tana riƙe da danshi, don haka ba a ƙara shi a cikin substrate don phalaenopsis. An yi shi da dakakken haushi daga bishiyoyi daban-daban, gansakuka, gawayi, yashi mara kyau, perlite, kwalabe, da yumbu mai ƙwanƙwasa. Ba shi da wahala a yi substrate da kanku, amma masana agronomists sun ba da shawarar siyan gauraya da aka shirya a cikin shaguna na musamman.
Baya ga abubuwan da ke sama, zaku iya ƙara busassun ganye zuwa substrate. Amma tare da yawan shayarwa, za su ɓata, sakamakon abin da tushen tukunyar zai fara rot. Kada a ƙara ganye a cikin substrate don orchids, ƙasa wanda ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi koyaushe. Lokacin gina wani abu don nau’in phalaenopsis waɗanda ke buƙatar ɗan ɗanɗano ɗanɗano, busassun ganye kari ne mai karɓuwa. Moss kuma yana riƙe da danshi.
Zai fi kyau saya kayan haɗin da aka shirya don substrate
Zaɓin tukunya
Don kula da orchid a cikin tukunya, dole ne ya zama m. A cikin kwantena opaque yana da wuya a sarrafa yanayin tushen. Ba wai kawai kwantena filastik ba, waɗanda suka fi shahara a yau, sun dace, har ma da tukwane na furen da aka yi da waya, kwanduna maras buƙata, da sauransu. Babban abu shine cewa akwati yana goyan bayan substrate tare da tukunyar fure. A cikin tukunyar phalaenopsis ya kamata a sami ramuka masu yawa waɗanda ruwa mai yawa zai gudana. Wani madadin filastik shine tukwane na gilashi. Sun fi kwanciyar hankali kuma sun fi goyan bayan tukunyar a tsaye. Amma manufar farashin su ya fi girma, kuma yana da wuya a yi ramuka a gilashi fiye da filastik.
Ya kamata a yi amfani da tukwane na yumbu a cikin kwantena mara kyau, bayan yin ramukan zagaye ba kawai a cikin kasan tukunyar ba, har ma a cikin bangon gefe, ana yin haka ta yadda a kusa da tushen akwai musayar iska ta al’ada. Amfanin tukunyar yumbun shine cewa baya zafi a cikin hasken rana, yana kare tushen shuka daga konewa.
Girma a cikin tubalan
Phalaenopsis har yanzu yana girma a cikin tubalan, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman itacen oak ko haushin Pine. Dokokin girma a cikin tubalan ba su bambanta da dokokin girma a cikin tukunya ba. Wani fasalin anan shine tushen bushewa da sauri bayan an shayar da shi. Kulawa yana ɗan rikitarwa ta buƙatar ƙarin shayarwa akai-akai. Amma orchid a cikin tubalan yana da kyau sosai fiye da tukunya.
Ciyarwa da dasawa phalaenopsis
Don ci gaban al’ada, bai isa ba kawai don kula da orchid daidai a gida. Shuka yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki. Kuna buƙatar amfani da gauraye na musamman, waɗanda aka sayar a cikin shaguna na musamman. Ana ciyar da tukunyar yayin girma mai aiki, yayin kumburin pseudobulb da bayan fure. Ga kowane lokaci, akwai daban-daban manyan riguna. Duk bayanan akan lokacin da yadda ake amfani da kowane magani suna kan lakabin. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ana yin sutura ba fiye da sau 1 a wata ba. A cikin bazara, shuka yana ciyar da kusan sau 3 a cikin watanni 2.
Orchid yana buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki
Dasawa
Fasahar dasawa abu ne mai sauƙi, amma dasa shuki wanda wannan hanyar ke da wahala dole ne a kiyaye. Sau da yawa kuma a tsarin aiwatar da wannan hanya ba shi da daraja. Shawarwari don kula da orchid na dakin yana nuna cewa ya kamata a dasa shi idan ana buƙatar maye gurbin substrate kuma idan tukunyar ta girma sosai. Sauya substrate idan tukunya ta fara ciwo. Ana dasa shukar kwanaki 5-7 bayan flowering. An cire shi a hankali daga tsohuwar tukunya. Jiƙa a cikin ruwa kuma cire tsohon substrate. Idan tukunyar ta kamu da cuta, to an cire substrate gaba ɗaya. Cire duk tushen da suka mutu da lalacewa. Ana yayyafa wuraren da aka yanke da toka na itace, kuma an zubar da sassan da aka yanke. Ana sanya shuka a cikin sabon tukunya, bayan an rufe ƙasa tare da ƙaramin bakin ciki na sabon yanki, kuma an rufe shi da sabon substrate. Ana sanya tukunyar da aka dasa don kwanaki 2-3 a cikin inuwa. Ruwa na farko na orchid da aka dasa ana aiwatar da shi nan da nan ta hanyar filin dasawa. Ruwa na gaba na orchid da aka dasa yana faruwa bayan kwanaki 10-14.
Domin kada ya lalata tsarin tushen lokacin cire tukunyar daga tsohuwar tukunya, an yanke shi.
Phalaenopsis cuta
Yana da wuya a kula da orchid mara lafiya. Sau da yawa tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa suna mutuwa. Sau da yawa, phalaenopsis yana fama da cututtukan fungal da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Cututtukan naman gwari
Fungi suna halin bayyanar kananan tubercles akan ganye da peduncles. A cikin waɗannan tubers akwai spores na naman gwari. Ba shi yiwuwa a bude tubers. Wannan zai hanzarta yaduwar cututtukan fungal.
Idan lalacewar ta kasance a gefen sassan takarda, to, an cire sassan da suka lalace. Idan tubers sun kasance a kan dukkan ganyen ganye, ana bi da shuka tare da fungicides. A cikin layi daya tare da maganin tukunyar tare da fungicides, sun maye gurbin ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri
Cutar cututtuka ba a kula da su. Tsire-tsire masu cuta suna lalata. Kasancewar kwayar cutar an ƙaddara ta launin rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa akan ganye. Wani lokaci abin rufe fuska mai launin toka yana bayyana a cikin ganyen.
Idan ana zargin kwayar cutar, yakamata a bi da shuka tare da maganin rigakafi da fungicides. Idan magani bai ba da sakamako ba, ana tsabtace tukunyar daga tsire-tsire masu lafiya kuma ana duba yanayin su. Idan an tabbatar da cutar, ana jefar da tukunyar.
Sauran matsaloli
Sau da yawa furen ya bushe kuma ya bushe saboda rashin kulawa.
- Girma a gida Shuka tare da manyan ganye a cikin ƙananan haske ba zai yiwu ba. Rashin haske kuma yana da mummunan tasiri akan furanni. Furen suna kodadde kuma tukunya yana samar da peduncle. A lokuta da yawa, shuka yana ba da kibiyoyi biyu ko fiye, wanda ba a samar da furanni sama da 4-5 ba.
- Burns manyan wuraren rawaya ne. Nau’in sinadari na ƙona shukar yana karɓa lokacin da aka ciyar da takin mai da hankali sosai ko kuma a bi da shi da maganin kwari mara kyau.
- Tare da wuce kima watering, tushen furen rot, da ganye lanƙwasa da kuma juya yellowish-kasa-kasa, zama ruwa. Wani lokaci m yana bayyana. Ganyen suna murƙushe tare da rashin danshi.
- A ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙananan zafin jiki, ganye na farko sun bushe, sa’an nan kuma juya launin rawaya-launin ruwan kasa da wrinkle.
Lokacin girma tukunya a cikin tukunyar yumbura ana kimanta lafiyar ku ta tushen iska. Idan tushen iska ya bushe ko ya lalace, to shuka ba shi da lafiya. Dole ne a cire tushen iska da suka lalace.
Saboda kulawa mara kyau, orchid na iya mutuwa
Phalaenopsis yaduwa
Ana haifuwar tukunyar ta hanyar rarraba rhizome, harbe, yankan ko tsaba. Yana yiwuwa a shuka shuka daga iri kawai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Yi amfani da hanyar don girma orchids akan sikelin masana’antu. A gida, ya kamata a yi haifuwa ta kowace hanya.
Rarraba daji
Hanya mafi sauƙi ga novice lambu shine hanyar haifuwa ta hanyar rarraba rhizome. Fall shine mafi kyawun lokacin yin aikin. Rarraba samarwa a lokacin rani, bayan shuka ya yi fure. A cikin bazara, taɓa shuka ba a so. Lokacin yadawa ta hanyar rarraba rhizome, ana buƙatar almakashi masu kaifi ko wuka. Don samun shuka mai inganci, dole ne a sami aƙalla kwararan fitila 3 na ƙarya a ciki. Shuka sakamakon tukwane a cikin tukwane daban. Ana kiyaye su bisa ga ka’idoji iri ɗaya kamar tsire-tsire masu girma.
An haɗa dashen shuka tare da haifuwa.
Sprouts
Wasu nau’ikan suna ba da izinin tafiyar matakai na gefe (yara). Ana samun koda daga koda. Bayan yaran sun sami ƙarfi, sun rabu da itacen uwa. Dasa yara daidai yake da dashen tukunya. Don taimakawa yara suyi girma da sauri, suna ciyar da shuka tare da takin mai magani wanda ke dauke da nitrogen.
Tubers da aka saya a ƙasashen waje ba koyaushe suke yin tushe ba. Bisa shawarar masana aikin gona, ya kamata a dasa tsire-tsire da suka mamaye wani yanki. Za su yi girma da sauri da sauƙi don kulawa.
Yankan
Dasa shuki shine mafi wahala. Tare da wuka mara kyau, an yanke harbe a kusurwa. An lalata wurin yankan, bayan haka an dasa kara a cikin tukunya daban. Ƙananan harbe tare da kullin da ba a haɓaka ba su dace da yankan ba. An yanke manyan harbe zuwa tsayin ½.
Zabar phalaenopsis
Zaɓin orchid a cikin tukunya ya kamata a gudanar da shi ta yanayin da mai shi zai iya ba da tukunyar, ba ta bayyanarsa ko sunansa mai ban sha’awa ba.
Unpretentious iri na Burrageera, Berry, Oncidium, Bernard, Wanda, Hummingbird, Dendrobium Nobile. Kyawawan, amma jin dadi sune bamboo orchids da Vietnam ko Vietnam. Iri-iri na ɓatattun bishiyoyi da ake girma a gonar suna jan hankali. Kulawarsa yana buƙatar kasancewar greenhouses.
Akwai blue phalaenopsis na siyarwa. Ana samun su ta hanyar wucin gadi, kuma a cikin ƙarni na biyu, shuka yana ba da furanni fararen furanni. Idan ba a bi fasahar fenti ba ko kuma a yi amfani da kayan da ba su da arha, lalacewar da ba za ta iya gyarawa ba takan haifar da tukunyar kuma da wuya a farfado da ita.
ƙarshe
Lokacin girma phalaenopsis, dole ne a kiyaye dokoki da yawa. Akwai sanannun asirin kula da shuka. Kwanan nan, wata hanya ta fito da girma phalaenopsis a cikin kwalban, wanda aka rufe sosai bayan sanya toho da sanya shi a cikin taga. Ana zuba ruwa a kasan kwalbar.
Ana cire peduncle bayan fure, koda kuwa yana da buds. Wani ya bar wani yanki na peduncle, wanda aka samu harbe 3-4, wanda daga baya yara ko wani sabon peduncle zai iya bayyana.
