Calceolaria tsire-tsire ce mai tsiro tare da furanni masu yawa waɗanda ake girma a cikin noman muhalli kamar shekara-shekara ko biennial. Yi nasara tare da furanni masu haske masu siffa guda biyu masu haske, kuma leben ƙasa babba ne, kumbura, mai siffa, kuma leɓen babba yana da ƙanƙanta, da kyar ake gani. Saboda kamannin su na waje, mutane suna kiran su “takalmi” ko “jakar hannu.”
Calceolaría. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Mark Kent
Abun ciki:
Bayanin calceolaria
Ga halittar Calceolaria (Calceolaria) yana da kusan nau’ikan 400 na dangin Noricella. A cikin Taxonomy na Ingilishi, Calceolaria (Calceolariaceae). Ƙasar mahaifar tsire-tsire ita ce Kudancin Amurka da Amurka. An fassara daga Latin, kalmar “calceolaria” tana nufin “kananan takalma.”
Wakilan jinsin su ne ciyawa, shrubs da shrubs tare da kishiyar ganye ko karkace. Furen da ke da calyx mai mutum huɗu da leɓe biyu, kumbura, mai sheki mai sheki (ƙasa leɓe yawanci ya fi girma). Stamens 2 ko 3. Fruit – capsule.
Yawancin nau’ikan kayan ado ne. Lokacin ƙirƙirar nau’ikan lambun da yawa na calceolaria, an yi amfani da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan C. corymbosa, C. arachnoidea, C. crenatiflora, da sauransu. Hybrid calceolaria tare da rawaya, orange, ja, furanni violet, kazalika da tabo ko inuwa corolla, ana girma a cikin greenhouses mai sanyi, yaduwa ta tsaba da yankan.
Calceolaria itace furen furen bazara da aka fi so, kodayake yana da wahalar girma da girma a cikin gida (tsirin ya fi son ɗakuna masu sanyi). Furen Calceolaria suna da nau’i na musamman – blisters da mai-leɓo biyu (ƙasa leɓe babba ne, kumbura, mai siffa, kuma leɓen babba yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, da kyar ake iya gani). Yawancin lokaci ana rufe furanni da ɗigo da maki iri-iri. Lokacin flowering yana daga Maris zuwa Yuni na wata daya. Itacen yana da furanni 18 zuwa 55.
Calceolaría. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Mark Kent
Halayen girma calceolaria.
da zazzabi: Calceolaria yana son ɗaki mai sanyi, 12-16 ° C. A cikin ɗakunan da ke da zafi sosai, yana sauke buds ko furanni.
hasken wuta: Haske mai haske wanda aka fi so, ba zai iya jurewa hasken rana kai tsaye ba. Yana da kyau a sanya shi a gabas, arewa ko arewa maso yamma taga taga.
ban ruwa: Yawaita, kada yawan ƙasar ya bushe.
Haushi: Calceolaria yana buƙatar zafi mai yawa na iska, don haka, ana sanya tukwane tare da tsire-tsire a cikin babban tire mai tsakuwa ko yumbu mai faɗi. Ganyen ganyen calceolaria ba sa son ruwa ya faɗo a kansu, don haka ana fesa wannan shuka, yana ƙoƙarin kiyaye danshi kawai akan furanni.
Dasawa: ƙasa – 2 sassa ciyawa, 2 sassa ganye, 1 part peat da 1/2 part yashi. Bayan fure, ana watsar da shuka.
Sake bugun: Tsaba, ana shuka shi a watan Mayu-Yuli, ba tare da yayyafa shi da ƙasa a saman ɓangaren ba kuma tare da baki biyu. Kwayoyin Calceolaria suna tsiro a zazzabi na kusan 18 ° C. Koyaya, girma calceolaria a gida babban aiki ne mai wahala, yana da sauƙin siyan tsiron da ya riga ya yi fure.
Calceolaría. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Mark Kent
Calceolaria kulawa
Calceolaria ya fi son haske mai yaduwa; an shaded shuka daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Ya dace da girma kusa da tagogin yamma da gabas. A kan tagogin kudancin, ya kamata a kiyaye calceolaria daga rana kai tsaye tare da zane mai haske ko takarda (gauze, tulle, takarda mai ganowa). Yana tsiro da kyau a tagar arewa. A lokacin lokacin furanni, shuka yana buƙatar ɗan inuwa. A cikin kaka da hunturu, zaka iya amfani da ƙarin hasken wuta.
Yana da kyau cewa zafin jiki na abun ciki na calceolaria a duk yanayi yana da matsakaici, a cikin yanki na 12-16 ° C.
A lokacin furanni, ana shayar da shuka akai-akai, tare da ruwa mai laushi, tsayayyen ruwa, yayin da saman saman saman ya bushe, yana hana ruwa tsayawa a cikin kwanon rufi. Bayan flowering, ya kamata a rage shayarwa, lokaci-lokaci don moistening ƙasa da kuma hana substrate daga bushewa gaba daya. Lokacin da sabon girma ya fara girma, ana ci gaba da shayarwa a hankali.
Calceolaria yana buƙatar danshi mai yawa. Ba a ba da shawarar fesa shuka ba.
Don tabbatar da isasshen zafi, ana sanya tukunyar a cikin tire mai cike da ruwa da tsakuwa ko rigar peat, yumbu mai faɗi. Yana da kyau a shuka calceolaria a cikin tukwane da aka saka a cikin masu shuka. Wurin da ke tsakanin kwantena biyu yana cike da peat, wanda dole ne a dasa shi akai-akai.
Ciyarwa tana farawa makonni biyu bayan tukunya kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa fure. Ana ciyar da su kowane mako 2 tare da takin ma’adinai.
Bayan fure, ana iya yanke calceolaria kuma a sanya shi tsawon watanni 1,5-2 a wuri mai sanyi, inuwa, lokaci-lokaci ana jika ƙasa (kada a bar coma ta ƙasa ta bushe gaba ɗaya). Lokacin da harbe suka fara girma, ana sanya tsire-tsire a wuri mai haske inda suke girma. Furen fure yana farawa watanni 2 kafin a cikin tsire-tsire masu girma, amma sun ɗan ɗanɗana kuma sun rasa tasirin ado da ke cikin matasa calceolaria. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a shuka shi kowace shekara daga iri.
Tun da shuka da sauri ya rasa tasirin kayan ado tare da shekaru, bai kamata a dasa shi ba, amma ya kamata a maye gurbinsa da sabon.
Calceolaria Fothergill, cultivar ‘Walter Shrimpton’. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Jardinero de Teddington
Haihuwar calceolaria
Calceolaria yana yaduwa ta tsaba.
Don furen kaka, ana shuka su a cikin Maris, don bazara – a watan Yuni.
Ƙananan tsaba (a cikin 1 g game da guda dubu 30) ana shuka su a saman ƙasa, ba a rufe su da ƙasa. An rufe amfanin gona da takarda, wanda aka dasa lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin da tsire-tsire suka girma ganye na gaskiya guda biyu, suna tsoma. A lokaci guda, don shirye-shiryen cakuda ƙasa, ɗauki sassa 2 na humus, ƙasa mai laushi da peat da 1 ɓangaren yashi.
Calceolaria tsaba suna girma sosai a cikin peat. Domin tsire-tsire su yi fure a tsakiyar Maris, ana shuka tsaba daga Yuli 5 zuwa 15 a cikin peat zuriyar dabbobi, a baya an lalata su daga lalacewa ta hanyar dumama zuwa 90-100 ° C. Don rage acidity, ana ƙara alli a cikin peat. (15-20 g da 1 kg na peat). Don sassa 7 na peat, ɗauki kashi 1 na yashi. Mix da substrate da kyau. Ana shuka tsaba ba da gangan ba, ba tare da fesa peat ba. An rufe al’adun da filastik ko gilashin gilashi.
Idan kumburi ya fito a cikin gilashin ko fim, ya kamata a juya matsuguni, hana danshi shiga cikin tsire-tsire. A nan gaba, wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa peat yana da kullun.
Bayan samuwar rosette, ana tsoma tsire-tsire a karo na biyu, a dasa su cikin tukwane na santimita 7 kuma a sanya su cikin tagogin haske. A watan Satumba, ana dasa su a cikin tukwane na santimita 9-11. Kafin dasawa na biyu, ana shuka tsire-tsire, suna barin nau’i-nau’i 2-3 na ganye, daga axils wanda ya bayyana harbe na gefe.
Hakanan ana samun bushes na Calceolaria ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa, wato, cire harbe-harbe na gefe waɗanda ke girma a cikin axils na ganye.
A cikin Janairu-Fabrairu, ana dasa su cikin manyan tukwane tare da cakuda ƙasa mai nauyi da gina jiki. Don shuke-shuke da aka noma, ɗan ƙaramin acidic humus substrate (pH game da 5,5) ya dace. Don shirya substrate, zaku iya ɗaukar sassa 2 na turf, humus da ƙasa peat da 1 ɓangaren yashi tare da ƙarin cikakken takin ma’adinai a cikin adadin 2-3 g da 1 kg na cakuda. Calceolaria yana fure watanni 8 zuwa 10 bayan shuka iri.
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa a cikin noman calceolaria.
Kowace shekara, ana maye gurbin tsire-tsire, ana yada su ta tsaba ko samun samfurori waɗanda suka riga sun yi fure, ba tare da barin su ba don shekara ta gaba.
A yanayin zafi mai zafi da rashin zafi, ganyen ya bushe kuma shuka ya tsufa da sauri.
Calceolaria Mexicana. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Alain Charest
Nau’in calceolaria
Calceolaria mexicana – Calceolaria mexicana
Duk nau’ikan calceolaria, saboda launuka masu haske, suna da wahala a haɗa su da sauran tsire-tsire. Calceolaria Mexican ba togiya. Ƙananan furanninta, masu diamita na kusan 5 mm kawai, launin rawaya mai haske, suna kallon ban mamaki kawai a cikin iyaka da tsire-tsire na ado ko a cikin abun da ke cikin bankin rafi. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, corollas ɗin su yana kama da ƙananan fitilu na kasar Sin.
Dangane da yanayin, bushes na calceolaria na iya kaiwa tsayin 20-50 cm. A dabi’a, a cikin danshi, wuri mai inuwa tare da ƙasa mai laushi, za su fi tsayi. A cikin daji, wannan nau’in yana tsiro a kan gangaren daji na tsaunukan Mexico, don haka ya fi son zafi. Koyaya, hasken rana mai haske yana jurewa da kyau kawai tare da yawan shayarwa. Tsirrai yawanci suna ba da ‘ya’ya masu yawa, suna samar da iri da yawa.
Calceolaria wrinkled – Calceolaria rugosa
Asalin shuka mai kyan gani, mai kama da gajimare na ruwan rawaya, an kawo shi Turai daga Chile.
Tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara, wanda ake girma a matsayin shekara-shekara, yana da tsayin daka, mai rassa sosai tsayin 25 zuwa 50 cm, tare da ƙananan ganye waɗanda ke yin rosette. Furen suna ƙanana, 1,5 zuwa 2 cm a diamita, rawaya mai tsabta, tare da launin ruwan kasa a wasu nau’ikan nau’ikan. Tare da shuka na yau da kullun, fure yana daga Yuni har zuwa sanyi. Don farkon fure a watan Afrilu, ana shuka seedlings a cikin kwantena.
Calceolaria mai lalacewa
Calceolaria iri-iri
Goldbuket – Tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi tare da manyan furanni 25-30 cm tsayi.
‘Triomphe de Versailles’: saurin girma ƙananan tsire-tsire masu furanni 35-50 cm tsayi.
Sunset (Calceolaria x hybridus) shuka ce mai haske kuma kyakkyawa don gida da lambun. Kowace ganyen fure mai launin kore mai launin fata yana samar da har zuwa gajerun peduncles 10 tare da furanni rawaya, orange ko ja. Tsawon 15-20 cm. Yana tsayayya da sanyi zuwa -5 ° C.
