“Allah ya dasa bishiyar baobab a cikin kwarin kogin da yake malalowa da yawa, amma bishiyar taki ba ta ƙoshi da zafi na wuraren ba. Mahaliccin ya kawo gangaren tsaunuka zuwa ga baobab don ya zauna, amma ko a can itacen ya gagara. Sai Ubangijin Sama, a fusace, ya ƙusa tushen baobab a tsakiyar busasshiyar savanna. don haka itacen da ya fusata Allah ya juye.
Wannan shine yadda tatsuniyar Afirka ke bayyana bayyanar baobab da ba a saba gani ba.
Ana samun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci a cikin faɗuwar ciyayi masu tsayi, savanna na Afirka. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan bishiyoyin tsiran alade ne, masu kama da laima tare da rawanin ƙirƙira buɗewa da kuma shahararren bishiyar baobab, wanda ke tashi a cikin ciyayi kawai, wanda tsuntsaye suka lalata.
Baobaby. Manomi Burea-Uinsurance.com Ralph Kranzlein
Plump, tare da gangar jikin da ba a saba gani ba (wani lokaci ƙafa 45 a kewaye) da kambi mai faɗi amma ƙasa kaɗan, baobab yana ɗaya daga cikin bishiyoyin da ake girmamawa a cikin Equatorial Africa. Ra’ayin cewa itace mafi tsayi a duniya shine eucalyptus an kafa shi da ƙarfi, yana biye da metasequoia, kuma baobab koyaushe ana ba da wuri mafi ƙasƙanci. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani, kwanan nan, a karon farko, an gano wani katon baobab a Afirka, wanda ba shi da daidai a tsakanin sauran bishiyoyi na wannan nau’in. Kambi mai ƙarfi, wanda gabaɗaya ya shimfiɗa zuwa ɗan ƙaramin tsayi, kuma diamita na gangar jikin a gindin har zuwa mita 189, ya tashi zuwa mita 44.
Da farkon busasshen lokaci na kusan watanni shida, ƙattai na Afirka, ba kamar yawancin bishiyoyi na asali ba, suna rasa ganyen su kuma suna kasancewa har zuwa farkon lokacin damina. Lokacin da damina ta zo, suna yin fure lokaci guda tare da bayyanar ganye, suna yin manyan furanni guda ɗaya (har zuwa santimita 20 a diamita). Kowace fure, mai fulawa guda biyar na nama da ɗimbin ratsan shunayya, tana rataye ne daga doguwar rigar. Baobab yana fure tsawon watanni da yawa, muddin ana ruwa, amma kowace fure tana rayuwa dare ɗaya kawai. Da daddare, sabon toho mai juriya yana bayyana furanni masu laushi da siliki, waɗanda tare da hasken farko na rana sun rasa haskensu da faɗuwa.
Na dogon lokaci ba a san yadda pollination na furanni baobab ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin murfin dare. Sai ya zama akwai jemagu a ciki. Da duhun duhu suka fara zagaye da duhun rawanin neman furanni. Ta hanyar fitar da ƙora da pollen da ke da daɗi a gare su, jemagu a lokaci guda suna lalata furannin baobab.
Baobab yana bushewa lokacin da komai ya rufe da ganye. Ganyensa suna daure, suna kafa da ganye biyar masu tsayin santimita 18 da faɗin santimita 5.
Baobaba ‘ya’yan itace. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Kee Yap Lip
Duk da cewa baobab ya shahara da kasancewa tsiro na duniya, wanda sassansa ke da amfani ga mutane, mafi mahimmancin ‘ya’yan itacen, abin da ake kira gurasar biri. Manyan ‘ya’yan itacen baobab (tsawon santimita 35 kuma har zuwa faɗin santimita 17), kama da manya-manyan cucumbers, suna rataye a jikin bishiya akan dogayen ciyayi masu bakin ciki. Daga sama, ƙananan ‘ya’yan itatuwa an rufe su da yawa tare da raguwa, ta hanyar abin da baƙar fata mai sheki ke gani; a lokacin da ‘ya’yan itãcen marmari suka yi girma, ƙullun ya ɓace.
Daruruwan birai na rayuwa ne a cikin rawanin manya-manyan itatuwa da suke cin ‘ya’yan itatuwa, shi ya sa mazauna yankin ke kiran baobab ‘ya’yan itacen biredi.
Bangaren ‘ya’yan itacen ja ne, mai laushi, mai daɗi, acidic, mai daɗi. Har ila yau, jama’ar yankin suna amfani da shi cikin sauƙi. ‘Ya’yan itacen da ‘ya’yan baobab suna amfani da ‘ya’yan itace a matsayin maganin ciwon daji da cututtukan ido, ruwan ‘ya’yan itacen ana amfani da shi don shirya abin sha mai kyau don kashe ƙishirwa, wanda ake la’akari da shi maganin zazzaɓi. ‘Yan ƙasar suna shirya jita-jita tare da peels na ‘ya’yan itatuwa.
Kwayoyin Baobab sun ƙunshi mai da yawa, ana cinye su da gasasshen, cirewar tsaba shine mafi kyawun maganin guba na strophanthus.
Haushi na baobab yana da ban mamaki sosai: Layer na sama yana da ƙarfi, kamar soso, kuma ciki ya ƙunshi gabaɗaya da zaruruwa masu ƙarfi. Ana amfani da zaruruwan don yin ƙaƙƙarfan tufa, igiyoyi, har ma da igiyoyi don kayan kiɗan gida. Karin magana na Senegal ya ce game da ƙarfin zaruruwa: “marasa karewa kamar giwa da aka ɗaure da igiyar baobab.” Itacen baobab mai laushi koyaushe yana jika kuma yana riƙe da ruwa a cikin lokacin bushewa. Kauri mai kauri da ƙanƙara yana hana ƙurawar danshi daga ƙafewar ganye da faɗuwa a cikin zafi. Duk da ƙarancin injina na itacen baobab, ana amfani da baƙar fata sosai don kera jiragen ruwa da jita-jita iri-iri.
Baobab flower. Manoma Burea-Uinsurance.com Kee Yap Lip
Ana amfani da ganyen Baobab sosai. Ana cinye su sabo ne, busassun da niƙa, an dauke su mafi kyawun kayan abinci na couscous na abincin ƙasa. Ana daukar ganyen Baobab a matsayin wakili na rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro kuma ana amfani da shi don yin miya.
Idan akai la’akari da cewa irin wannan itace mai amfani yana da tsarki, mazaunan savannah suna bin al’ada sosai: kowa ya kamata ya shuka tsaba na baobab kusa da gidansu.
Mazaunan savannai, musamman giwaye ne ke cin moriyar baobab ba tare da tausayi ba. Ba abin mamaki bane, ana kiran baobabs a nan masu cin giwaye. Hoton gama gari ga savannas: giwaye, sun taru a kusa da bishiya, suna karya rassanta, karya katako, yayyage haushi da cinye komai ba tare da barin wata alama ba. A lokaci guda, giwaye suna ba wa ‘ya’yansu mafi kyawun itacen zuciya. Kwanan nan an gano jarabar giwaye ga baobabs kuma har yanzu ba a yi bayani ba. Jemage kuma suna lalata ganyen baobab. Yana da wuya a sami bishiyar baobab cikin cikakken koren fure: babban ɓangaren ganyen sa koyaushe yana lalacewa, ana ci.
Baya ga Equatorial Africa, baobab yana tsiro a Madagascar, Indiya, da savannas na Ostiraliya. A cikin waɗannan sassa, ana wakilta ta da nau’ikan nau’ikan 16 waɗanda masana ilimin halittu suka rarraba a matsayin dangin Bombax, ta hanya, kusa da dangin Malvaceae. Wannan yana nufin cewa giant na savanna yana da alaƙa da kyawawan kyawawan mu, mallow.
Baobab. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Sakke Wiik
Baobab na ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin tsoffin sojojin daular shuka. Har ila yau Alexander Humboldt ya kira wannan bishiya ta zama abin tarihi mafi dadewa a wannan duniyar tamu, kuma shahararren mai binciken tsirrai na Afirka Michael Adanson ya bayyana a shekara ta 1794 wani baobab mai tsawon mita 9 yana da shekaru 5150 a kasar Senegal. Af, don girmama wannan masanin ilimin halittu, Karl Linnaeus ya ba wa baobab sunan kimiyya adansonia wanda ya wanzu har yau.
Baobab na samun laƙabi da yawa saboda yawan kaurin gangar jikin sa. A halin yanzu, abubuwan da aka lura sun nuna cewa sauyin yanayi a cikin gangar jikin yana faruwa ne sakamakon yanayin yanayi. Forester G. Guy a gidan tarihi na kasa da ke Bulawayo (Rhodesia ta Kudu) na tsawon shekaru 35 (1931-1966) ya auna girman gangar jikin baobab iri daya, kuma ko da yake a kowace shekara sai ya zama daban, amma bai taba wucewa na asali ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa shekarar farko ta kasance mafi ruwa kuma waɗannan sune mafi bushewa.
Bishiyoyin Baobab suna da wani abu mai ban mamaki: za su iya tara kashi na karni: uranium.
Baobab. Manomi Burea-Uinsurance.com Maurizio Pesce
Baobab sau da yawa yana da ban mamaki mai yiwuwa a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Tare da ƙarancin ƙarancin ruwa akai-akai, yana haɓaka tushen ɗarurruwan mita zuwa ɓangarorin. Bawon da mutane ko giwaye suka lalace yana sake farfadowa cikin sauri. Ba tsoron baobabs ko gobarar steppes. Ko da a lokacin da wutar ta yi nasarar kutsawa cikin kututturen ta kuma kona jigon ta gaba daya, bishiyar ta ci gaba da girma. A cikin irin waɗannan bishiyoyin baobab, yana da wahala musamman don kafa shekaru, har ma da hanyoyin rediyo. Duk da haka, wannan ba shi da sauƙi a yi a kan tsiran tsire-tsire, saboda itacen baobab ba shi da zoben girma na itatuwanmu na yau da kullum.
Itace mai laushi na baobab sau da yawa naman gwari yana lalata shi, wanda kuma yana taimakawa wajen samar da manyan ramuka a cikin kututturensa. Amma itacen a irin waɗannan lokuta ba ya daina bauta wa mutum, ko da yake a wata hanya mai ban mamaki. Ya isa a yi rami a cikin ɓangaren sama na irin wannan bishiyar (yakan yi sau da yawa ta hanyar halitta), kuma lokacin farin ciki, yawanci maras amfani yana cika da ruwa mai yawa da danshi mai yawa. Ƙaƙƙarfan kambin kambin baobab yana da aminci yana kare irin wannan ramin tafki daga ƙazantar da ruwa, yana tattara ruwa da ganye da rassa kuma ya sake cika shi a cikin rami. Mazauna yankin suna daraja waɗannan tafkunan ruwa, kuma suna adana abubuwan da ke cikin su don ruwan sama.
Yawancin lokaci ana gina gidaje a ƙarƙashin rawanin baobabs. Wani lokaci a cikin kututturan bishiyoyi, ana shirya kaburbura, inda ake binne gawar shugabannin kabilu da fitattun shugabannin sojoji. Wani babban rami na bishiyar baobab (mita 6X6) wanda ke tsiro a ɗaya daga cikin biranen arewa maso yammacin Ostiraliya (akwai baobabs a wurin, kodayake nau’ikan nau’ikan daban-daban), ya umarci hukumomin yankin a cikin ruhun zamanin mulkin mallaka, suna ba da kayan aiki a can. kurkuku daga birnin. D. Fenshaw, wani mai gandun daji na Arewacin Rhodesian, ya ba da rahoton cewa a Katima, a cikin ramin bishiyar baobab, an shigar da ɗakin bayan gida da kuma rijiyar ruwa.
Bonsai baobab. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Damien du Toit
Manyan bishiyoyin baobab waɗanda ba su san tsufa ba suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 6000, kuma a wannan lokacin ana maye gurbin ƙarni da yawa na mutane.
SIIvchenko – Littafin game da bishiyoyi
