Wannan almara sananne ne a Gabashin Asiya. Ta faɗi yadda aka bayyana abubuwan banmamaki na furen hibiscus ga mutum.
Ya gaji da doguwar tafiya ta cikin daji, bataccen matafiyi ya zauna ya huta. Ina jin yunwa da ƙishirwa. Yana cikin bishiyoyi da kurmi, sai ya fara kunna wuta. Zuba ruwa a cikin tukunyar, ya yi mafarki cewa alloli za su aiko masa da abinci. Nan da nan, daga wani wuri a sama, furanni jajayen furanni da yawa sun fada cikin tukunyar, suna cika ruwa da launin ja.
Matafiyi ya yunƙura ya ɗanɗana shayin, abin mamaki yana da ƙamshi da daɗi. Kowanne sip yayi masa fashewar kuzari. Wani sabon shan taba ya dawo da jin dadi. Lokacin da yake barin daji, matafiyi ya ɗauki waɗannan furanni masu ban mamaki tare da shi. Ya rarraba su ga mutanen garuruwan da suke kan hanya, ya ba su labarin abubuwan ban mamaki na abin sha. An daɗe tun lokacin, har sai da labarin shayin hibiscus ya bazu a duniya.
Hibiscus. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Gary Williams
Hibiscus (HibiscusYana da nau’in nau’i mai yawa na tsire-tsire na dangin Malvaceae.Malváceas). A cewar majiyoyi daban-daban, ya haɗa da nau’in nau’in 150 zuwa 200-220, wasu kafofin sun nuna har zuwa 300. Ana samun Hibiscus daji kuma ana noma shi. Yawanci shrubs da bishiyoyi. Akwai kuma ciyawa na perennial da na shekara-shekara. Rarraba a cikin Tsohon da Sabuwar Duniya, a cikin subtropics da wurare masu zafi. Masu aikin lambu suna renon su a cikin yanayi mai tsauri na nahiyar.
Ganyen suna da yawa ko žasa incised, petiolate. Furanni a kan yawancin nau’in hibiscus suna da girma, masu kyau, tare da corollas masu launi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne mai siffar capsule, an raba su zuwa bawuloli 5, yana ƙunshe da tsaba da yawa, an rufe shi da fluff ko zaruruwa, ko kuma suna da santsi.
Kudu maso gabashin Asiya ana daukar gida na hibiscus, amma yana tsiro da yardar kaina a Afirka da Amurka. A Amurka, suna samar da ciyayi gaba ɗaya, suna lushly an lulluɓe su da furanni, a cikin ciyayi mai jika na fili. Saboda tsananin son danshi ana kiransu “marsh mallow.” A Hawaii, ana daukar hibiscus a matsayin shuka na kasa, wanda ake kira “flower of kyawawan mata.” A Brazil, akwai hibiscus daban-daban da ake kira “‘yan kunne na gimbiya”. Yana da tsaga furanni da kuma doguwar ƙwanƙwasa wanda yake rawa da kyau a kai, yana kama da abin lanƙwasa mai kyan gani.
Hibiscus a wuraren da suke girma ba don dalilai na ado kawai ba ne. Ana cinye ‘ya’yan ganye da harbe-harbe a matsayin kayan lambu. Ana amfani da tsaba, ganye, ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma saiwoyin a magani. Ana yin abin wuyan daga tsaba. Daga furanni ana samun rini na gashi baƙar fata da launin gashi mai shuɗi don masana’antar abinci. Yanke busassun ‘ya’yan itace Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hibiscus sabdariffa) – wani abu mai mahimmanci na shayi na ‘ya’yan itace. Ana ci gaba da siyar da shi a ƙarƙashin sunayen ” shayi na Hibiscus “, shayi na Malvovia”, “Yaren mutanen Sudan”, “Tea Hibiscus”.
Hibiscus sabdariffa ko Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Dave Proffer
Muna da sanannun waɗanda aka girma azaman shukar gida. Hibiscus na kasar Sin ya tashi (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), ko kuma furen Sinawa na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Yadda ake shuka kayan lambu mai yaji a yankunan kudu. Hibiscus mai cin abinci (Hibiscus esculentus) ko okra. A cikin yankuna masu zafi, ana iya shuka okra a cikin greenhouses da greenhouses.
Okra, ko Okra, ko Gombo, ko Yatsun Mata (Abelmoschus esculentus, wanda a baya aka lasafta shi azaman Hibiscus esculentus)
Shahararrun nau’ikan hibiscus
Hybrid hibiscus (Hibiscus hybridus)
Hybrid hibiscus sune tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu girma, masu haske, furanni masu ban sha’awa. Ana yada su a cikin bazara (tare da farkon yanayin dumi mai dumi, lokacin da buds a kan wuyan wuyansa suka fara kumbura) ta hanyar rarraba bushes, yankan kore da grafts. Wadannan tsire-tsire na ado suna da kyau ga manyan shirye-shiryen furanni, iyakokin gauraye, gadaje na fure, boulevards, iyakoki, bankunan tafki, ana dasa su a cikin makiyaya a wurin shakatawa da kuma tsakanin bushes masu wuya a yankunan kudancin Rasha.
Hibiscus na Sinanci (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
Hibiscus na kasar Sin, ko furen Sinanci, yana girma a gabashin Asiya da tsibirin Pacific. An gabatar da shi a Turai a ƙarshen karni na 500. Kimanin iri 3 aka sani. Wani shrub mai ban sha’awa mai ban sha’awa, wanda tsayinsa (a gida) ya kai 12 m. A cikin yanayin al’adu, sanannen tsire-tsire ne na greenhouse. Ganyen suna da duhu kore, m a saman, elongated m ko ovate, serrated tare da gefen. Hibiscus na kasar Sin yana fure daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen fall. Furen suna da girma (16-XNUMX cm a diamita), mai sauƙi, rabin-biyu, na launuka daban-daban, daga ja mai zafi da orange zuwa ruwan hoda da rawaya, dangane da iri-iri.
Hibiscus na kasar Sin ko furen Sinanci (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
Wasu iri:
- Anita Buis: furanni suna da sauƙi, orange-rawaya a launi.
- Florida: furanni suna da girma (har zuwa 14 cm a diamita), launin orange-ja.
- Hamburg: furanni suna da girma, biyu, carmine ja.
- Rosa: Semi-biyu da furanni biyu, ruwan hoda na salmon.
Hibiscus da aka raba (Hibiscus schizopetalus)
Ana iya samun hibiscus da aka rarraba a ƙarƙashin ma’anar hibiscus na kasar Sin, iri-iri – rarraba (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var.schizopetalus). Ƙasar Gida – Afirka ta Tsakiya. Shrub da lafiya harbe da m kore ganye. Furanni-ja-orange mai tsayi 5 cm a diamita tare da furanni masu lanƙwasa, zurfi da gefuna marasa daidaituwa. Greenhouse da houseplant.
Hibiscus da aka raba (Hibiscus schizopetalus). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com erica
Hibiscus na Siriya (Hibiscus syriacus)
Hibiscus na Siriya ya fito ne daga China, Indiya. Asalin furensa mai ban mamaki alama ce ta tsibirin Haiti. Jama’ar gari da ‘yan yawon bude ido da yawa suna ƙawata kansu da ita. A wasu lardunan Indiya, ana saka furanni ja da ruwan hoda a cikin kwalliyar bikin aure.
Hibiscus na Siriya (Hibiscus syriacus). Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com m.sudarevic
Halayen noman hibiscus
fure: Hibiscus yana fure daga bazara zuwa kaka.
Girma: Shuka yana girma da sauri.
haske: mai yaduwa mai haske, a cikin lokacin bazara-rani ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu: haske mai kyau, ana ba da izinin haskoki kai tsaye.
da zazzabi: matsakaici, a cikin lokacin bazara-rani +18 .. + 22 ° C. Lokacin kaka-hunturu – +14 .. + 16 ° C, a yanayin zafi ƙasa + 10 ° C yana iya zubar da ganye.
ban ruwa: a lokacin girma da flowering kakar – mai yawa, kamar yadda saman Layer na substrate ya bushe. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana shayar da shi matsakaici, kwana biyu ko uku bayan saman saman duniya ya bushe. Lokacin da aka ajiye shuka (a cikin hunturu) a yanayin zafi ƙasa + 14 ° C, ƙasa ta kasance mai ɗanɗano kaɗan.
Lokacin shayarwa, bushewa da wuce gona da iri na substrate bai kamata a yarda ba.
Haushi– baya taka muhimmiyar rawa, amma yana da kyau a fesa tsire-tsire, musamman a lokacin furanni. Wannan hanya kuma prophylaxis ne akan mites.
Ƙarin hadi– a cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, hadi na yau da kullun (sau ɗaya a wata) tare da takin ma’adinai mai ɗauke da nitrogen (suna ƙarfafa furanni na dogon lokaci). A cikin hunturu, kawai rabin kashi takin phosphorus-potassium ana amfani dashi sau ɗaya a wata, ko (tare da kusan bushewar abun ciki a cikin yanayi mai sanyi) ba a haɗe shi ba.
Lokacin hutawa: Nuwamba-Fabrairu. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki +14 .. + 16 ° C, haske mai kyau, matsakaiciyar ruwa. Kuna iya yin hibernate a cikin yanayin da aka dasa: a cikin kaka, ana rage shayar da tsire-tsire a hankali zuwa ƙarami kuma an watsar da ganye, sannan an yanke mai tushe, barin hemp 7-8 santimita. A cikin wannan yanayin, hibiscus ya mamaye wuri mai sanyi (+10 .. + 12 ° C) – don kada tushen ya bushe, ƙasan hibiscus yana ɗan ɗanɗano lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Dasawa: matasa – kowane bazara. Manya suna haye kowane shekara uku zuwa hudu.
Sake bugun: cuttings, ƙasa da sau da yawa tsaba.
Гибискус. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
Kula da hibiscus a gida
Hibiscus ya fi son watsa haske, ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
Mafi kyawun wurin hibiscus a lokacin rani shine tagogin da ke fuskantar yamma ko gabas. A cikin taga da ke fuskantar kudu a cikin lokacin bazara-rani, sanya shukar daga taga ko ƙirƙirar haske mai yaduwa tare da zane ko takarda (gauze, tulle, takarda ganowa). Dangane da ka’idodin kulawa, zai iya girma da kyau har ma da furanni akan windows masu fuskantar arewa.
A kwanakin zafi mai zafi, ana iya fitar da hibiscus a waje ( baranda, lambun), amma dole ne a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana, ruwan sama da zane. Idan ba ku da damar sanya shuka a waje a lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar iska a kai a kai cikin dakin.
A cikin hunturu, ana ba da haske mai kyau don hibiscus, ba a buƙatar shading. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙarin hasken wuta ta amfani da fitilun fitilu, sanya su a kan shuka a nesa na 50-60 cm, na akalla sa’o’i 8 a rana. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, shi ma wajibi ne don shayar da ɗakin, amma ya kamata a kauce wa zane-zane.
Tare da rashin haske, shuka na iya yin fure mara kyau ko ba yayi fure kwata-kwata.
A lokacin girma da lokacin furanni, ana shayar da hibiscus sosai, yayin da saman saman saman ya bushe. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, ana shayar da shi a matsakaici, kwana biyu ko uku bayan saman Layer na substrate ya bushe.
Lokacin shayarwa, kar a ƙyale abin da ke cikin ƙasa ya bushe kuma ya sami ruwa sosai. Paddle ruwa, zuba rabin sa’a bayan watering. Shayar da ruwa mai laushi da kyau.
Yanayin iska ba ya taka muhimmiyar rawa, amma yana da kyau a fesa tsire-tsire. Wannan hanya kuma ma’auni ne na rigakafi ga mites. A lokacin furanni, musamman a bayyane, kwanakin dumi, ana fesa hibiscus da dumi, ruwa mai laushi. A cikin lokacin kaka-hunturu, zaka iya fesa tsire-tsire tare da ruwan dumi lokaci zuwa lokaci.
Гибискус. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
A cikin lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, ciyarwar yau da kullun (sau ɗaya a wata) na hibiscus tare da takin ma’adinai mai ɗauke da nitrogen yana da amfani (wannan yana ƙarfafa fure mai tsayi). Ana iya ciyar da shi tare da takin mai magani na musamman don tsire-tsire na cikin gida, kowane mako 1. Kuna iya amfani da “Bakan gizo”, “Ideal”, da sauransu. Yana da matukar amfani bayan shayar da ruwa mai tsabta don ciyarwa sau ɗaya a wata tare da maganin fermented na zubar da tsuntsaye (sashi 3 bayani zuwa ruwa 1) ko mullein ruwa (jiko kashi 1 zuwa ruwa 20). A tsakiyar watan Agusta, an rage adadin nitrogen a cikin sutura. A cikin hunturu, kawai rabin kashi takin phosphorus-potassium ana amfani dashi sau ɗaya a wata, ko (tare da kusan bushewar abun ciki a cikin yanayin sanyi) ba tare da taki ba. Ana amfani da suturar saman bayan an sha ruwa.
A ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon Mayu, ana canza tsire-tsire masu girma zuwa manyan tukwane (sau ɗaya kowace shekara uku zuwa huɗu). Idan ƙasa ba ta da tsami kuma babu kwari a ciki, za ku iya kawai maye gurbin saman 1 cm na ƙasa tare da sabon abinci mai gina jiki. Da zarar furen ya kai girman girmansa a yanayinsa, kar a dasa shi, amma a hankali cire shi daga tukunyar kuma a maye gurbin wasu ƙasa. Ana amfani da ƙasa don hibiscus kusan tsaka tsaki (pH a kusa da 5), haske da abinci mai gina jiki. Ana iya shirya shi daga sassa 6 na ciyawa, sassa 4 na ganye, wani yanki na humus ƙasa da yashi. Ana ƙara guntun gawayi a cikin cakuda. Kada a yi amfani da koren taki ko busasshen mullein. Cakuda ciyawa, ƙasa humus da yashi (3: 2: 1) na iya aiki. Kuna iya ƙara ɗan peat da abincin kashi. Ana buƙatar magudanar ruwa mai kyau, kamar yadda shuka ba ta jure wa tsayawar ruwa sosai.
Hibiscus ana girma a matsayin babba ko ƙaramin daji ko daidaitaccen tsire-tsire, nau’ikan kambi daban-daban waɗanda za’a iya samun su ta hanyar pruning daidai.
Don haɓaka sakamako na ado na kambi da haɓaka haɓakar manyan harbe na matasa waɗanda ke samar da furanni (ana sanya buds hibiscus akan harbe na shekara ta yanzu), bayan dasawa (na matasa) ko maye gurbin saman Layer daga ƙasa. (ga manya), ya kamata a datse shuka zuwa toho a nesa na kusan 15 cm daga tushe. Lokacin da sababbin harbe suka fara farawa, cire masu rauni kuma ku bar masu lafiya.
Don jinkirta furen hibiscus har zuwa kaka ko hunturu, yakamata a sake dasa tsire-tsire kuma a datse a watan Mayu. Har sai lokacin, ya kamata su zama dormant tare da matsakaicin watering. A watan Yuli an sake datsa su. A sakamakon haka, furen fure suna samuwa ne kawai a farkon kaka. Za’a iya amfani da yankan twig da aka samu don yaduwa.
Hibiscus na iya girma daga tushe. Wannan dukiya ta dace da waɗancan lambu waɗanda ke da ƙarancin haske da sarari a cikin ɗakin, sabili da haka babu inda za a saka ƙarin tukunya tare da fure a cikin hunturu. A cikin kaka, ana rage yawan shayar da tsire-tsire a hankali kuma ana zubar da ganyen, sannan an yanke mai tushe, barin hemp na santimita 7-8. A cikin wannan yanayin, hibiscus ya yi overwinter a wuri mai sanyi (10..12 ° C), don kada tushen ya bushe, ƙasan hibiscus yana ɗan ɗanɗano lokaci zuwa lokaci, kuma bayan watanni uku ko huɗu, shuka zai bushe. ba sabo harbe. Daga wannan lokacin ya kamata a fallasa shi zuwa haske da shayarwa, kar a manta da tsutsa matasa harbe, yayin da suke girma da sauri.
Гибискус. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com floradania
Hibiscus haifuwa
Hibiscus yana yaduwa ta tsaba, yankan.
Ana shuka tsaba na Hibiscus daga tsakiyar Janairu zuwa tsakiyar Maris. Kafin dasa shuki, ana jiƙa su na awanni 12 a cikin epine. Sown a cikin cakuda peat da yashi. An rufe farantin karfe da gilashi, ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a 25..27 ° C. Yin amfani da karamin greenhouse ko dumama ƙasa yana inganta haɓakar iri mafi kyau. Fesa da shaka lokaci-lokaci. Lokacin da tsiron ya samar da ganye biyu ko uku, ana tsoma su cikin tukwane masu girman da ya dace. Seedlings suna fure kuma suna ba da ‘ya’ya a cikin shekaru 3-4.
Hibiscus yana da sauƙin yaduwa ta amfani da yankan. An yanke su a watan Yuni-Agusta daga saman girma na matasa tare da internodes 2-3. Ana kula da sassan da abubuwan haɓaka girma. Yankewa suna samun tushe sosai bayan kwanaki 25-30 a cikin greenhouses na cikin gida tare da ƙasa warmed zuwa 22..25 ° C (cakuda da peat da yashi ko yashi mai tsabta) ko a cikin tukwane da aka rufe da gilashin gilashi ko cikin ruwa. Bayan tushen ya bayyana, ana dasa su a cikin tukwane na 7-10 cm tare da cakuda ƙasa humus (ɓangare 2), ƙasa mai kauri da yashi (kashi 1 kowanne), shayar da ruwa mai dumi. Yana da kyau a kara aske kaho da abincin kashi a hade.
Don daidaitaccen samuwar daji na hibiscus, toshe mafi ƙarancin harbe. Tsire-tsire masu tasowa suna girma da sauri, don haka ana iya buƙatar dasa su cikin tukunya mafi girma bayan ‘yan watanni bayan tushen tushe. A nan gaba, ya kamata a dasa su a kowace shekara zuwa ƙasa mai laushi, mai laushi. Ana yin dasawa a farkon bazara kafin fure. Ganin wannan, yana da dacewa don datsa shuka, wannan yana ƙarfafa reshe mai yawa da furanni. An yanke rassan kashi biyu cikin uku ko rabin tsayin su. Tare da haske mai kyau da yawan shayarwa, ana iya samun tsire-tsire masu fure a cikin shekara 1.
Hibiscus. Farmer Burea-Uinsurance.com Amy
Matsaloli masu yiwuwa a cikin girma hibiscus.
An harbe harbe a kan shuka, amma kada ku bude kuma nan da nan ya fadi; shuka ba ta da abubuwan gina jiki; ban ruwa ba ya da yawa, ƙasa ta bushe da yawa; ƙananan zafin jiki.
Ƙananan ganye na hibiscus sun fadi, sababbi sun zama launin rawaya – chlorosis na ganye ya taso saboda karuwar abun ciki na chlorine da calcium a cikin ruwan ban ruwa, yayin da rashin nitrogen da baƙin ƙarfe (ya zama dole don kare). ruwa don shayarwa kuma ƙara ƙarfe chelate bisa ga umarnin; cututtukan tushen hypothermic tare da yawan shayarwa da ƙananan yanayin zafi; Busasshiyar iskar cikin gida ta yi yawa haɗe da yanayin zafi da rashin isasshen feshi.
Rashin furanni a cikin hibiscus a gaban mai yawa da lush foliage – shuka yana cike da takin mai magani tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen; kunshe a cikin wani wuri mai haske wanda bai isa ba; rashin isasshen ruwa a lokacin lokacin girma mai aiki;
kulawar hunturu a yanayin zafi mai kyau.
Rashin haske a hade tare da yawan abinci mai gina jiki na iya haifar da datti mai launin ruwan hoda a cikin ganyayyaki.
Ƙasar sanyi na iya bushe tushen shuka.
Tare da rashin danshi, ganyen suna faɗuwa kuma sun zama lethargic.
Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin ɗaki mai dumi a cikin hunturu, tare da yanayin zafi sama da 15 ° C, ganye na iya bushewa akan shuka idan iska ta bushe sosai.
Lalacewa ta hanyar: aphids, thrips, whiteflies, mites.
