Ƙasa shiri don cucumbers
Very Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi ƙasar da ta dace, wurinta. Hakanan wajibi ne a yi takin mai magani. Bari mu yi la’akari da siffofin shirye-shirye daki-daki.
Bukatun ƙasa
Da farko kana buƙatar zaɓar wurin da cucumbers zai girma. Yana da kyau ku juya zuwa kudu, saboda waɗannan kayan lambu suna son wurin rana ba tare da zane ba. Wajibi ne a yi la’akari da abin da aka shuka amfanin gona na baya a nan. To, idan dankali ne, tumatir, farin kabeji, tushen kayan lambu da legumes. Kada ku dasa Zelentsy a wurin da zucchini, squash da eggplant suka girma, bayan haka ƙwayoyin cuta suna taruwa a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan shuka.
Ƙasar da za a dasa cucumbers ya kamata:
Sabili da haka, a cikin wuraren buɗewa yana da kyau a zaɓi ƙasa mai laka ko yashi waɗanda ke da ƙarancin ruwa mai kyau. Yana da mahimmanci cewa sun ƙunshi babban adadin humus. Ana ɗaukar ƙasa mai sanyi gaba ɗaya ba ta dace da girma cucumbers ba. Sun ƙunshi ƙananan phosphorus, potassium, magnesium da sauran abubuwan ganowa. Ƙasar peat tana zafi a hankali a cikin bazara kuma tana yin sanyi da sauri a cikin fall.
Ana yarda da acidity na ƙasa don cucumbers na raka’a 6-7. A matakin pH na raka’a 6-6.1, ana lura da mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bayan haka, irin waɗannan alamun acidity suna taimakawa wajen samar da matsakaicin adadin furanni na mata.
Cucumbers sun fi son ƙasa mai laushi, don haka suna buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai. 75-85% danshi na ƙasa – waɗannan su ne mafi kyawun alamomi don shuka amfanin gona.
Hakanan zafin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci kafin dasa cucumbers. Ya kamata ya zama kusan daidai da zafin iska ko ƙasa 2-3 ° C. Mafi kyawun nuna alama don germination iri shine 25-28 ° C, wanda seedlings ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 3. A yanayin zafi ƙasa da 14 ° C, amfanin gona ya daina girma. Mahimman ƙimar za su kasance sama da 40 ° C.
Ana shirya ƙasa a cikin kaka
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don cucumbers na iya farawa a cikin fall.
Hakowa
Bayan girbi, wajibi ne a cire tarkacen shuka da ciyawa daga wurin. Idan kwari sun barke a cikin lambun, yana da daraja tono ƙasa. Sa’an nan kuma kwari, tsutsa da suka buga saman za su mutu a lokacin hunturu, kuma mice za su bar wurin. Hakanan ana yin tono a cikin fall idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, ta cika, kuma akwai haɗarin riƙe dusar ƙanƙara. Dogayen maɓuɓɓugan ruwa tare da jinkirin ɗumamar ƙasa shine dalili na irin waɗannan abubuwan.
Kar a taɓa ƙasa a cikin waɗannan lokuta:
- sashen gangare,
- sashe, batun ambaliya,
- kasa mai haske mai saurin lalacewa.
Itationayyadewa
Dole ne a ƙayyade matakin pH. Ana iya yin wannan ta amfani da na’ura ta musamman ko a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, yi amfani da takarda litmus. Don yin wannan, an dasa felu daga zurfin 30 cm. Suna danne shi a cikin hannu tare da takarda, launi wanda ke ƙayyade acidity.
Bugu da ƙari, mai nuna alamar pH shine tsire-tsire da ke kan shafin. Idan ayaba ne, horsetail, itacen oak na veronica, pikulnik, sedge, zobo, Mint, man shanu mai rarrafe, guntun itace, to ƙasa tana da acidic. Ciwan alkama mai rarrafe, mai rarrafe filin, ƙafar ƙudi, mai lambu, chamomile mara wari, da clover duk suna nuna ƙasa mara acid ko ƙarancin acid.
Don rage girman matakin pH, ana aiwatar da liming tare da abubuwa kamar lemun tsami, ash, gari dolomite, alli, ash siminti. Ana aiwatar da wannan hanyar kowace shekara 4-5.
Halitta hadi
Don cika ƙasa tare da microelements masu amfani, ana yin hadi a cikin kaka. Bayan haka, tsarin tushen Zelentsy yana da haske kuma yana ɗaukar abubuwa da sauri. Abubuwan da ke lalata kwayoyin halitta sun zama tushen carbon dioxide, wanda ya zama dole don ci gaban kayan lambu. Idan acidity na ƙasa ya yi ƙasa, wajibi ne a yi amfani da takin mai magani na alkaline.
Shuka yana buƙatar abubuwa masu gina jiki
Ana iya ci gaba da shirye-shiryen ƙasa don cucumbers tare da gabatarwar sabon taki a cikin fall. Zai taimaka sassauta ƙasa mai nauyi da ɗaure yashi. A abun da ke ciki ya hada da nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, alli. Amfanin abun yana da murabba’in kilomita 1. m. daga 6 zuwa 9 kg. Idan ƙasar tana da sauƙin kawo ƙasa, nauyi, ƙari. Kada a yi amfani da sabon taki lokaci guda tare da lemun tsami. Suna amsawa inda nitrogen ya ɓace.
Ash shine tushen tushen potassium da sauran abubuwan gina jiki. Ana yin shi tare da lissafin 200 g a kowace murabba’in 1. m. Hakanan yana da kyau a yi amfani da takin don taki.
Ciki
Sakamakon shirya ƙasa don cucumbers zai fi girma idan kun rufe murfinsa mai laushi. Za a iya shirya ciyawa daga sawdust, bambaro, ganyen bishiyoyi, ganyen sunflower, ganye. Ganyen Birch zai zo da amfani.
Kowane Layer na ciyawa an rufe shi da ƙasa. Wasu daga cikin kwayoyin halitta suna lalacewa kafin bazara. Yana da kyau a dasa ƙasa mai tsari ta yadda tushen tsiro zai iya girma a cikinsa cikin sauƙi.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa a cikin bazara
Idan ba a inganta gadaje ba a cikin fall, ya kamata a yi a cikin bazara. Kada a ƙara abubuwan da ke cikin calcium, ana iya amfani da takin gargajiya na ruwa na alkaline. Tono ƙasa, zurfafa shebur ta 25-30 cm.
Sanya rake a cikin Layer na 12cm, haɗa shi da yalwar humus. Ana shirya shi daga ciyawar itace, busasshiyar ciyawa, ganyayen da suka fadi, bambaro, taki, guntun takarda da sauransu. An danshi gado kuma an rufe shi da fim don dumi ƙasa. Wadannan abubuwan suna faruwa ne kwanaki kadan kafin shuka amfanin gona.
Ƙasa don cucumbers, da aka haƙa da takin a cikin fall, ya kamata ya ba da hanya a cikin bazara. Wajibi ne a yada humus a cikin yankin da kuma tono shi zuwa zurfin bayoneti na shebur. Ana yin wannan a farkon bazara, idan ba a gabatar da taki a cikin kaka ba. Kafin dasa cucumbers, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa ciyawa ba su bayyana ba, kuna buƙatar cire su cikin lokaci.
Ma’adinai da takin mai magani
Cucumbers al’ada ce da ke son ƙasa mai albarka. Sabili da haka, a ranar 20 ga Mayu, kuna buƙatar ƙara kayan ado na sama, wanda aka saka a cikin ƙasa a cikin rami na gaba.
Daga cikin ma’adinan da aka yi amfani da su:
- ammonium nitrate – 15 g da 1 square. m,
- superfosfato – 40 g na 1 km2. m,
- potassium gishiri (idan ba a yi amfani da ash) – 25 g da 1 km2. m,
- Complex takin mai magani: amfani bisa ga umarnin.
Multilayer gadaje
Wasu lambu don babban tsari sakamakon Girma yi da kanka gadaje na musamman.
Na farko, zaɓi wuri mai faɗi. Sa’an nan kuma, a cikin fall, sun fara shimfiɗa yadudduka, wanda na farko ya zama magudanar ruwa. Zai iya zama kowane reshe, ciyawa, bambaro. Suna zurfafa da 30-50 cm, da kyau tamped. saman shine Layer na biyu. Za a yi amfani da sabon taki a cikin ingancinsa. Kuma haka suka bar shi har sai bazara. Kwancen gado zai nutse da kyau a lokacin sanyi.
Kuna iya yin gado da kanku
Za a ci gaba da hannun jari a watan Mayu. A cikin al’amuransa na farko an gabatar da Layer na uku: ƙasa mai albarka. Hummus yana da kyau. Domin taki ya fara haifar da zafi, ana shirya baka kuma ana jan wani abu ko fim wanda ba a saka ba. Bayan ‘yan kwanaki, wani wuri mai cike da abinci mai gina jiki zai dace da dasa cucumbers.
Kuna iya fara yin lambun mai launi da yawa a cikin bazara. Don wannan, 1 square. m. dauki taki a cikin wani Layer, 300 g na itace ash, 100 nitrophosphates. Ana sanya Layer na ƙasa a saman. Bayan dasa iri, wajibi ne a cire bakuna kuma a rufe su da fim.
Kuna iya amfani da takin maimakon taki. Ya fara shirya a lokacin rani daga ciyawa, weeds, foliage, wanda ya kamata a wuce gona da iri. A cikin bazara, ana iya amfani dashi a gonar.
Ƙasa shiri a cikin greenhouse
A cikin matsugunan fim, an cire saman saman ƙasa (kimanin 5 cm). Bayan haka, ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙwayoyin cuta. Sannan ya kamata ku tono datti. Sannan aiwatar da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta. Don wannan, ana kula da ƙasa tare da maganin 7% na jan karfe sulfate. Idan greenhouse yana da ƙananan, za ku iya zuba ruwan zãfi a kan dukan yankin kafin dasa shuki.
Don greenhouses, cakuda ƙasa an shirya shi musamman don cimma matsakaicin ‘ya’yan itace. Ya kamata ya haɗa da: ƙasa turf, peat, humus tare da ƙari na filin filin. Ana ƙara takin mai magani kamar potassium sulfate, superphosphate, ammonium nitrate zuwa gaurayawan. Ana ajiye shi a cikin greenhouse wata daya bayan aiki tare da jan karfe sulfate.
Akwai wata hanya don tabbatar da babban aiki a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Bayan cire Layer na ƙasa, ana ajiye taki a saman tare da kauri na 30-40 cm. Ana yin rijiyoyi a cikinsa, ana zuba ruwan zafi a ciki. Taki ya fara sakin zafi sosai, wanda ya cika ɗakin. A cikin ‘yan kwanaki, zafin jiki zai isa don shuka amfanin gona. Sai ki dora hadin a saman, wanda ya fi dacewa da noman, ana shirya shi kamar haka.
- 2 sassa na ƙasar turf,
- 2 sassa na humus,
- 1 sashi mai tsabta yashi ko sawdust.
Komai yana buƙatar daidaitawa. Don disinfection, ana shayar da cakuda tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate.
ƙarshe
Girma cucumbers ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa. Matakin farko yana da matukar muhimmanci. Yawan amfanin gona ya dogara kai tsaye akan shirye-shiryen ƙasa.
Idan mai lambu bai ajiye ƙoƙari da lokaci don wannan taron ba, zai ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban al’adu. Kuma za ta gode maka da ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu dadi a nan gaba.
