Ɗaya daga cikin nau’in nau’i na marigayi-ripening tare da kyawawan halaye shine Sarauniyar karas na kaka.
Bayanin sarauniyar karas iri-iri
Halayen iri-iri
Sarauniyar karas na kaka iri-iri ne marigayi balagagge, lokacin ciyayi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 130. Girbi a farkon Oktoba, ko da shuka na tsaba ya faru a watan Yuni. Tushen amfanin gona na iya jure wa hunturu, kiyaye daɗin ɗanɗanonsu da kasuwa ko da a -4 ° C.
Iri-iri yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa: murabba’in 1. m tattara 3.5 zuwa 9 kilogiram na kayan lambu. Yawan aiki ta fuskoki da yawa ya dogara ne akan haɓakar ƙasa. Ko da a ƙarƙashin yanayin girma mara kyau, matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 5 kg / sq. m
Bayanin karas
Dangane da bayanin, Sarauniyar karas na kaka tana da rosette na yada ganye, gajeriyar ganye mai haske. Siffar amfanin gona mai tushe shine conical, elongated, tare da ɗan zagaye ƙarshen. Tsawonsa ya bambanta tsakanin 20-30 cm, nauyin ya bambanta daga 100 zuwa 250 g. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne, ba cikakke sosai ba.
Bangaren tushen amfanin gona yana da yawa, m, yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi mai daɗi. Ya ƙunshi babban adadin carotene, matsakaicin 20 g, da adadin rikodin sukari, kusan 11%. Karas sun dace don shirya sabobin salati, adanawa, da juicing.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani na iri-iri
Sarauniyar karas na kaka yana da halaye masu kyau da yawa, amma kuma yana da rashin amfani.
Ventajas:
- high yawan aiki,
- unpretentious ga girma yanayi,
- juriya ga fashewa,
- jure cututtuka,
- juriya ga flowering a cikin yanayin gajeren sa’o’i na yini,
- tsawon rayuwar shiryayye: kimanin watanni 8, har sai sabon amfanin gona,
- high quality da amfani dadin dandano.
Abubuwa mara kyau:
- Launi mai duhu,
- masu girma dabam,
- wahalar hako dogayen karas daga kasa mai yawa.
Halaye mara kyau ba su da mahimmanci, sabili da haka wannan nau’in yana girma ba kawai ta hanyar lambu ba, har ma da manyan masu samar da noma don sayarwa da kuma masana’antu.
Halayen fasahar noma
Halaye fasa a cikin karas
Grade Sarauniyar kaka wani lokaci tana tsagewa, tana da ɗanɗano mai ɗaci ko ƙarami. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa ne saboda rashin bin ka’idodin noma.
Zabar wurin da za a shuka
Ana shuka tsaba a wurare masu lebur. Yana da mahimmanci cewa wurin dasa shuki ba a ambaliya ba kuma ba a cikin ƙananan wurare ba. Al’adun suna son hasken rana, don haka lambun ya kamata ya haskaka sosai. Saboda rashin haske, amfanin gona zai zama ƙanana, mara daɗi, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa zai ragu sosai.
Ƙasar don girma karas ya kamata ya zama haske, sako-sako, m da permeable. Ya kamata kuma yana da kyawawan kaddarorin magudanar ruwa. Laka da yashi ƙasa ba su dace ba, domin ko da bayan amfani da takin mai magani ba za su samar da girbi mai kyau ba. Zaɓin zaɓi shine ƙasa baki. Ana iya ƙirƙirar ƙasa maras kyau ta hanyar haɗa takin, yashi, da ƙasa lambu.
Shiri na gadaje
Kafin shuka iri, dole ne a tono wurin, duk ɗigon ƙasa yana karye tare da rake. Wannan shi ne yadda kayan lambu za su yi girma daidai gwargwado.Saboda dunƙulewar ƙasa mai yawa da kullutu ko duwatsu, saiwar ta lanƙwasa.
An shuka amfanin gona da kyau a cikin gadaje masu tsayi tare da saman lebur. Tsayinsa ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 15-20 cm. Ana yin rijiyoyi don tsaba a cikin ɓangaren sama na gadaje. Nisa tsakanin su ya kamata ya zama akalla 15 cm: wannan yana sauƙaƙe kula da amfanin gona.
Shuka iri
Yawancin lokaci ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Mayu kuma ana girbe su a ƙarshen Satumba. A cikin yankunan kudancin, ana shuka shuka a farkon lokacin rani da girbi a watan Oktoba. Kafin shuka, ana shayar da tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi na tsawon sa’o’i 2-3, don yin girma da sauri. Sannan a nannade tsaba da aka jika da danshi domin su kumbura. A lokacin rana suna karuwa kuma sun dace da dasa shuki.
Kwayoyin karas ƙanana ne. Don kada a yi girma da saukowa, ya kamata a haɗa su tare da yashi a cikin rabo na 1: 2. Wannan hanyar shuka ita ce mafi kyau duka, amma akwai wasu: shuka tare da manna da manna tsaba a kan takarda bayan gida. Ramin iri kada ya wuce zurfin 1 cm. Da farko, ana shayar da su da ruwa, sa’an nan kuma an sanya tsaba a cikin su, an yayyafa su da ƙasa kuma an danƙa su.
Kula da amfanin gona
Don tushen amfanin gona ya girma da girma da kyau, dole ne a kula yayin shuka iri. Ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance mai laushi ko da yaushe, don haka a lokacin lokacin zafi, ana shigar da sprinkler.
Tabbatar cewa ruwa yana da matsakaici: amfanin gona na tushen zai fashe saboda yawan ruwa, an rage adadin waterings bayan bayyanar ganye na farko. A cikin bushewar yanayi, ana shayar da amfanin gona sau 3-4 a mako. Ba a buƙatar humidification a lokacin damina.
Don samun manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa da babban yawan aiki, ana diluted gadaje lokaci-lokaci. Ana aiwatar da hanya ta farko tare da bayyanar cikakkun ganye 3, na biyu – lokacin da tushen amfanin gona ya yi kauri. Nisa tsakanin kayan lambu bayan bakin ciki ya kamata ya zama 3 da 5 cm, bi da bi. Bayan hanya, ya kamata a shayar da gadaje.
Yaki da cututtuka da kwari
Sarauniyar Autumn tana da juriya ga kusan dukkanin cututtuka da kwari. Duk da haka, wani lokacin bayan lokacin damina takan rube. Don hana shi faruwa, bi ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona. Bayan girbi, ba a shuka gonar tare da tsaba na karas na shekaru 1-2. Har ila yau, suna yin gadaje masu tsayi: danshi ba ya raguwa a cikinsu, don haka tushen amfanin gona ba ya lalacewa.
Daga cikin kwari don wannan iri-iri, karas kuda yana da haɗari. A ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa, tushen amfanin gona yana girma da kyau, kuma tushen wuyansa ya zama ja-purple. Don guje wa harin da ƙwayoyin cuta, ana kwance gadaje akai-akai, tabbatar da cewa ba su lalata ruwa ba kuma amfanin gona yana cikin haske koyaushe. Idan kudancin karas ya riga ya kai hari ga tsire-tsire, ana yaki da kwari na musamman.
ƙarshe
Daga cikin dukkan nau’ikan karas, Sarauniyar Autumn tana da daraja saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa, rashin fa’ida, juriya ga cututtuka da kwari, da manyan halaye na kasuwanci da dandano. . Yin biyayya da ƙa’idodin fasahar aikin gona, yana da sauƙi don samun amfanin gona mai inganci.
