Idan saman karas ya juya rawaya, gano dalilin da ya sa. Wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da nau’in da aka zaɓa don noma bai dace da yanayin yanayin yankin ba. A cikin nau’in farko, lokacin girma ya ƙare da sauri kuma ɓangaren ƙasa ya bushe. Amma akwai ƙarin dalilai masu tsanani don bayyanar cututtuka.
Dalilin yellowing da bushewa na saman karas
Dalilan bayyanar rashin lafiya na sassa na sama
Idan ganyen ya zama baki da bushe, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda:
- tare da rashin isasshen ruwa (tsirin yana fama da fari) ko wuce haddi.
- tare da rashin takin ma’adinai,
- tare da sanyin dare ko yanayin zafi sosai,
- tare da shan kashi na fungal cututtuka ko kwari,
- tare da shuka mai kauri.
- tare da babban acidity na ƙasa,
- tare da physiological dalilai: lokaci ya yi da girbi.
Cututtuka
Sau da yawa ganyen karas suna fara rawaya lokacin da cutar ta shafi amfanin gona.
Cercosporiasis
Ƙananan aibobi masu duhu suna bayyana akan ganye. Bayan lokaci, saman ya yi duhu kuma ya lalace. Tushen amfanin gona ya lalace. Kayan lambu ya kasance ƙanana, curly.
Alternariosis (black rot)
Ya bayyana a matsayin tabo a saman launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, masu siffofi da girma dabam dabam. A kan ‘ya’yan itacen akwai suturar baki da kore. A hankali shuka ya yi baki ya bushe.
Kwayoyin cuta
An shafa amfanin gona na manya a matakin balaga na fasaha. Elongated launin toka-kasa-kasa spots kafa a kan veins da petioles na ganye. Filayen suna yin rawaya kuma suna shuɗe.
Rizoctoniosis
Da farko, alamun gubar launin toka suna bayyana akan tushen amfanin gona, sannan saman su ya zama ja (mycelium an kafa shi). Idan cutar ta tasowa a lokacin girma, saman ya zama rawaya, ya bushe, ya bushe.
Ruwan toka
Yawancin lokaci yana bayyana kansa a cikin ajiya, kodayake kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a gonar. A lokacin girma, ƙananan duhu ko launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa a cikin ganyayyaki suna bayyana a cikin ganyayyaki. Suna iya bushewa lokaci-lokaci.
Brown spots
Na farko, launin ruwan kasa tare da iyakar rawaya ya bayyana a saman da kuma mai tushe, wanda ya yada. Ganyen sai ya yi baki, kamar an kone shi da tafasasshen ruwa.
Karin kwari
Idan saman karas ya bushe, suna duba amfanin gona don kwari:
- Scoops. Larvae na kwaro yana ci a tushen amfanin gona a sama ko a ƙasan ƙasa, yana sa ganyen ya bushe.
- Ganyen yawo. Wannan kwaro ne da ba a gani ba wanda ke shan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga karas da sassan ƙasa. Ganyen suna murzawa sun bushe.
- Karas Ta gnaws tushen amfanin gona, saboda wannan na sama sassa su zama rawaya.
Maganin al’ada
Dole ne a sarrafa karas
Ana fara duba gadaje lokacin da ganye 3-4 suka bayyana akan karas. Idan manyan sassan sun juya rawaya kuma sun bushe, sun fara yaki da wannan sabon abu. Tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa sun warke. Ana ƙara garin Dolomite ko alli a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. Ana amfani da fungicides na tsari don magance cututtukan fungal. Ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da Oxychom, Fundazole, Falcon ko 1% Bordeaux ruwa. Ya kamata spraying ya kasance a bushe da kwanciyar hankali, lura da yawan kwarara. Ana cin karas kwana 20 bayan sarrafa shi.
Don tsoratar da kuda na karas, a dasa tafarnuwa ko albasa kusa da shi.
Shirye-shiryen Zemlin suna taimakawa wajen yaki da wannan annoba, ‘Initiative’, ‘Bazudin’. Ana shigar da su cikin ƙasa yayin dasawa. Suna aiwatar da jiko na kwasfa albasa, yayyafa ƙasa da toka ko barkono. A kan wani zance, yi amfani da kafofin watsa labarai na Nemabakt. Wannan shine nau’in nematode da ke kashe caterpillars. Lokacin da kullin ganye ya shafa, ana amfani da jiko na taba. Hakanan daga kwari, an rufe gadon da kayan da ba a saka ba. Har ila yau yana taimakawa wajen riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, sa Layer na bambaro ciyawa.
Rigakafin cutar
Tushen kamuwa da cuta shine iri, tarkacen shuka, da ƙasƙantacciyar ƙasa. Cututtuka kuma suna bayyana kansu a cikin yanayi masu dacewa ga ƙwayoyin cuta:
- Sauyin yanayin zafi kwatsam,
- sanyi sanyi yanayi,
- lalacewa ga tushen amfanin gona a lokacin girbi.
Don kada a sami wannan cutar, suna ɗaukar matakan kariya kamar haka:
- lura da jujjuya amfanin gona: shuka karas a cikin asalinsu bayan shekaru 3-4,
- da kyau shirya iri: zafi shi a zazzabi na 40-50 ° C na rabin sa’a da wani irin abincin tsami tare da bayani na potassium permanganate.
- kada ku dasa amfanin gona bayan albasa da kabeji – suna da cututtuka guda daya da kwari,
- kar a yi amfani da sabon takin saniya a matsayin taki,
- gabatar da mafi kyawun adadin takin mai magani na phosphorus da potassium, don haka yana haɓaka rigakafi na amfanin gona,
- kiyaye tsarin ban ruwa,
- sako gado,
- tattara tarkacen shuka,
- bi da 1% Bordeaux cakuda ko tare da Narcissus, Ecogel, ‘Zircon’ bisa ga haɗe umarnin,
- girbi a kan kari.
ƙarshe
Don karas bai halaka ba, wajibi ne don kula da saukowa da kyau. Hana cututtuka ya fi sauƙi fiye da kawar da su.
Ba za a iya hasashen yanayin yanayi ba, don haka ana shuka al’adun a lokuta daban-daban. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen girbi amfanin gona mai kyau na kayan lambu.
