Shaharar shuka karas na hunturu ya ta’allaka ne ga ikon samun amfanin gona na tushe makonni biyu kafin kowane iri da aka dasa a lokacin bazara. Dasa karas don hunturu a yankin Moscow da sauran yankuna na kasar yana ƙarƙashin wasu dokoki da fasahar noma.
Winter shuka karas
Yaushe ya fi kyau shuka
Lokacin dasa karas ya dogara da yanayin yanayin girma na yanki.
Wasu masu lambu suna yin babban kuskure kuma suna fara dasa karas a cikin hunturu, ba tare da saduwa da kwanakin da aka ba da shawarar shuka ba (kafin farkon yanayin sanyi). Irin waɗannan tsire-tsire ba za su iya jure wa hunturu ba kuma su mutu.
Kwanan shuka a cikin yankin Moscow da tsakiyar tsakiyar tsakiyar Oktoba-farkon Nuwamba, a Siberiya – shekaru goma na biyu na Oktoba da kafin farkon Nuwamba.
Bayan haka yana da kyau a yi shuka>
Mafi kyawun magabata na wannan amfanin gona:
- baba,
- shuke-shuke na dangin squash: squash, squash, squash, squash,
- albasa,
- kankana,
- cucumbers,
- kowane irin kabeji.
Ba za ku iya shuka karas a cikin hunturu bayan faski, Dill, seleri da wake. Har ila yau, kada ku shuka wannan amfanin gona a kan wurin da karas ya girma a baya. Idan aka ba da buƙatun juyawar amfanin gona, an yarda da shuka karas a cikin hunturu a wannan wuri kawai bayan shekaru 4. Bayan karas, an yarda da shuka beets a cikin hunturu.
Dokokin shuka
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin hunturu
Dasa iri ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa.
Shiri da zaɓi na tsaba
Tsarin shuka karas a cikin kaka kafin hunturu yana farawa daga lokacin shirya iri. Yana da gaske don saya shi a kowane kantin kayan lambu. Don waɗannan dalilai, yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ga nau’ikan farko:
- Moscow Winter A-545,
- Shantane-2461,
- Losinoostrovskaya-13,
- Natskaya-4,
- Vitamin-6,
- Mara misaltuwa.
Don samun nasarar noman, yi amfani da tsaba na yau da kullun waɗanda ba a sarrafa su a baya ba. Tsaba manne a tef ko dragee seedlings ba su dace da shuka karas a cikin hunturu ba.
Tsaba don dasa hunturu zai buƙaci kwata fiye da shuka bazara.
Shirye-shiryen shafin
Ana yin shirye-shiryen gado don dasa shuki a gaba, kafin farkon yanayin sanyi (farkon Oktoba). Don haka, ƙasa tana sarrafa don cike da abubuwa masu amfani.
Wannan amfanin gona yana girma da kyau a cikin sako-sako, haske, ƙasa mai laushi tare da tsaka tsaki na acidity. Don wannan, ƙasa mai yashi ko yumbu, wanda aka wadatar da kwayoyin halitta, ya dace.
Ana tsaftace ƙasa daga ragowar ciyayi. Sannan a shirya mahaɗin na gina jiki:
- humus – 3 kg,
- superfosfato – 20 g,
- potassium gishiri – 15 g.
Ana ƙididdige wannan adadin abubuwan sinadaran a cikin fili na murabba’i 1. m. Bayan hadi, ana tona wurin da zurfi a cikin shebur na bayoneti.
An kwance ƙasa, an daidaita shi, ramukan suna da zurfin 3-4 cm. Kasan tsagi an haɗa shi kuma yana jiran farkon sanyi.
Bugu da ƙari, suna shirya don cika furrows. busasshiyar ƙasa Suna kuma shirya cakuda abinci mai gina jiki: humus, takin ko ƙasa peat a cikin adadin 5 cubes a kowace murabba’in kilomita 1. m makirci. Organics da gonar lambu don cika tsaba ana adana su a wuri mai dumi.
Shuka
Ana shuka karas a cikin hunturu bayan da ƙasa ta daskare zuwa zurfin 6-7 cm. Ana shuka tsaba har ma a cikin yanayin dusar ƙanƙara. Ana cire gadaje daga dusar ƙanƙara, ana shuka su kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa lambun da aka girbe, an rufe shi da 3 cm tare da Layer na humus. Don hana tsaba daga tarwatsawa a cikin iska, furrows suna daɗaɗɗa kaɗan kuma an yayyafa su da dusar ƙanƙara.
Cuidado
Dasa karas a cikin hunturu yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, in ba haka ba sakamakon noman ba zai yi nasara ba.
Idan dusar ƙanƙara ba ta faɗi ba kafin shuka tsaba, ana yayyafa gadaje da rassan fir ko sawdust. Bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta farko a cikin hunturu, an rufe wurin da dusar ƙanƙara.
A cikin bazara, lokacin da lokacin narke ya yi kuma dusar ƙanƙara ta fara narkewa, ana cire dusar ƙanƙara kuma an cire matsuguni. An shigar da arches na ƙarfe a kan shafin, an jawo fim a kan amfanin gona.
Irin waɗannan matakan kulawa na bazara sun zama tilas kuma suna ba da kariya ga ƙananan harbe-harbe daga sanyin bazara.
Shuke-shuke a yankuna daban-daban na kasar
Kowane yanki yana da nau’in karas iri-iri
Don shuka karas daidai a cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar zaɓar nau’in da ya dace don yankin kuma ku dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa cikin lokaci.
A cikin yankin Moscow
Shuka karas a cikin hunturu a cikin odmoskove kuma a cikin yankuna na tsakiya na tsakiya yana tsaye tsakanin karshen Oktoba zuwa farkon Nuwamba. A wannan lokacin, ƙasa za ta daskare zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm, kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska zai ragu zuwa. – 2 ° C-3 ° C. Wannan lokacin sanyi ne akai-akai. Kwayoyin suna da lokacin kumbura kafin farkon sanyi.
Don shuka karas a cikin kaka a cikin hunturu, zaku iya amfani da nau’ikan:
- Losinoostrovskaya-13,
- Nantes-4,
- Mara misaltuwa,
- Moscow Winter,
- Hybrid Callisto.
Ana haƙa ramuka aƙalla zurfin 6 cm. Ana shuka karas na hunturu a cikin yankin Moscow bisa ga makirci da ka’idoji na sama.
A cikin Urals
Lokaci da ka’idoji don shuka wannan amfanin gona a cikin Urals iri ɗaya ne da na yankin Moscow. Daga cikin nau’ikan farko, an ba da izinin shuka irin waɗannan nau’ikan:
- Nantes-4,
- Shantane,
- Mara misaltuwa,
- Altai ya gajarta,
- Vitamin-6,
- Losinoostrovskaya-13.
A Siberiya
Don shuka karas a cikin hunturu a Siberiya, yakamata a dasa hybrids masu zuwa:
- Losinoostrovskaya-13,
- Vitamin-6,
- dadi tare da Nastena,
- Altai ya gajarta,
- Shantane,
- Sarauniyar kaka,
- Jira
Ana shuka shi a tsakiyar Oktoba kuma har zuwa tsakiyar Nuwamba. Mafi kyawun wurin sauka shine gado a kan tudu don dusar ƙanƙara za ta narke da sauri. Ƙasar yumbu mai laushi ko yashi ya dace da ƙasa mai laushi, ƙarancin acidic da ƙasa mai takin jiki.
Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 2-3 cm. Nisa tsakanin seedlings a jere ya kamata ya zama 10-15 cm. Bayan dasa shuki, an rufe gadaje, a cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta fadi, an cire tsari.
Shawara
Don dasa tsaba na karas a cikin fall kuma samun girbi mai kyau a cikin bazara, yana da daraja la’akari da mahimman nuances da yawa:
- Bangaren sama na wannan tsiron yana jan hankalin kuda na karas, kwaro da ke lalata tushen amfanin gona, don haka yakamata a shuka wannan amfanin gona tare da tsire-tsire masu korar kwari da kamshinsu. Sau da yawa amfanin gona na musanya da albasa da tafarnuwa.
- Don shuka hunturu, kawai ana amfani da inganci mai inganci, tabbatar da tsaba tare da ingantaccen kwanan wata karewa.
- Don dasa wannan kayan lambu a cikin kaka, kuna buƙatar ƙoƙarin kiyaye lokacin dasa shuki in ba haka ba, a cikin bazara za ku ƙare daga noma.
- Yana da muhimmanci a aiwatar da ba kawai daidai shuka karas a cikin hunturu, amma kuma don samar da lokaci shuka a cikin bazara – a kai a kai weeding, loosening ƙasa da watering.
Alamar dinki
Girma karas a cikin hunturu tsari ne mai sauƙi. Babban abu shine zaɓar kayan inganci mai inganci, dasa shi akan lokaci kuma ku ba shi kulawar lokaci.
