Dokokin girma Dendrobium orchids –

Orchid Dendrobium nasa ne na dangin orchid, tsire-tsire sun bambanta da siffar da launuka iri-iri, halaye Girma da haɓakawa. Bayan nazarin ka’idodin kulawa, dasawa da haifuwa na Dendrobium orchid, zaku iya girma fure mai kyau a gida.

Dokoki don girma Dendrobium orchids

Bayanin iri-iri

Dendrobium (Dendrobium) iri-iri mara kyau, wanda ya dace da girma a gida. Sunan Dendrobium a cikin fassarar yana nufin yana tsiro akan bishiya. Dendrobium yana game 1200 iri da cewa suna da nasu halaye. Tushen tsarin shuka yana wakiltar rhizome, wanda shine harbi wanda ya haɗu da pseudobulbs.

Dendrobium orchids suna girma 40-90 cm tsayi a gida, cylindrical pseudobulbs suna kan tushe, ganyen lanceolate shine 5-10 cm. Peduncles suna girma tare da furanni 1-4. A cikin yanayi, launuka na orchids Dendrobium sun bambanta: fari, rawaya, orange, lilac, da sauransu. Wurin haifuwar furen shine Ostiraliya, ƙasashen Asiya ta Kudu, New Zealand.

Orchid nau’in

Iri na cikin gida na Dendrobium Phalaenopsis da Dendrobium Noble iri (Royal Blue, Black Beautiful) sun dace da girma gida, Farin Noble).

Furen Dendrobium na Noble da Bukeshotsvesvenny iri suna girma kuma gabaɗaya baya sauke ganye, amma wannan yana faruwa ne kawai a wasu lokuta.

Sauran nau’ikan orchids na Dendrobium suna da yawa a cikin yanki mai matsakaici: Nestor, Wutar Wuta, Mini, Starclass, Compactum, Sena Red, Parisha, Moniliforme.

Pierre dendrobium

Irin nau’in Pierre yana wakiltar dangin orchids, cire ganye kafin fure. Wannan nau’in yana cikin yankin zafin jiki mai matsakaicin sanyi. A lokacin lokacin ganye na orchid, tsire-tsire da aka watsar, bayan an gama lokacin bacci, ganye suna bayyana akan su.

Sarki Dendrobium

King Dendrobium (Kingianum), wani orchid na dutse, yana da tushe mai tushe, an rufe shi da fararen ma’auni, yana girma zuwa 25-30 cm. Tsawon ganyen Kingi shine 10 cm, nisa – 2-3 cm, suna da girma da bakin ciki. A kan peduncle na sama, furanni 5-7 suna girma, launukan su fari ne, tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. Inflorescences sun ƙunshi furanni 2-9, tare da diamita har zuwa 1 cm. A cikin bazara, lokacin da harbe suka bayyana, suna shayarwa da takin, a lokacin dormancy, sun daina shayarwa.

Dendrobium Berry

Berry ode – nau’in shrub hybrid, furanni daga ƙarshen bazara zuwa hunturu. Ana samun furanni a cikin inuwa daban-daban: daga fari zuwa duhu mai duhu. Yana girma har zuwa 30 cm, har zuwa furanni 9 suna bayyana akan inflorescences.

Dendrobium Phalaenopsis

Sunan na biyu na shuka shine Dendrobium bicorn (Bigigum). Ganyen shuka suna da yawa, masu ƙarfi, pseudobulb yana girma har zuwa 60 cm. Dendrobium Phalaenopsis lokacin fure shine watanni 3-4. Phalaenopsis shuka ne mai son zafi, haske mai kyau, da zafi 50%. Lokacin da buds na pseudobulb ya farka, sabon toho yana samuwa.

Dendrobium Stardust

Stardust yana da dogayen pseudobulb na bakin ciki: har zuwa 50 cm tsayi, faɗin 1.5-2 cm. Bar lanceolate, furanni suna kodadde rawaya ko orange-ja tare da duhu veins, kai 6 cm a diamita.

Dendrobium tara

Dendrobium Aggregate (Aggregate, Lindley) – yana fitowa don samar da pseudobulbs har zuwa 7 cm tsayi, suna da launin rawaya, wuraren tsagi. Leaf guda har zuwa 6 cm tsayi, duhu kore. Inflorescence yana da furanni 5-15 na zinariya ko rawaya tare da layin orange. Furen suna da ƙamshi har zuwa 4 cm a diamita, ƙamshin zuma. Ganyen kore mai kauri mai kauri yana girma har zuwa cm 10 a tsayi.

Farmery Dendrobium

Farmeri iri-iri yana fure a cikin bazara

Farmeri yana girma zuwa 30-45 cm, pseudobulbs suna tsaye. Tsawon ganye ya kai 8-15 cm, yana girma a cikin babban ɓangaren kwan fitila don raka’a 2-4. Peduncle yana rataye har zuwa 20-30 cm tsayi, ana iya samar da peduncles da yawa a lokaci guda. Inflorescences sun ƙunshi furanni 14-35 tare da diamita har zuwa 5 cm. Lokacin furanni shine bazara.

Apollo

Apollo wani nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)). Furanni da yawa masu ƙamshi mai daɗi suna girma a kan peduncles.

Hibiki

Hibiki tana da kyawawan furanni masu ruwan hoda masu ƙanana masu girma tare da maƙogwaro orange. Ana samun furanni a ko’ina cikin pseudobulb, tare da dukan tsawonsa. Tsayin kwan fitila shine 12 cm.

Harveyanum

Harveyanum yana buƙatar girma cikin haske, iska da ƙasa mai yuwuwa don orchids, tsayin 15-23 cm, lokacin fure – daga tsakiyar Janairu zuwa Disamba.

Emma, ​​Sonya

Emma, ​​Sonya – 30-60 cm tsayi, akwai launin fari, ruwan hoda da zinariya.

Nobile, Akatsuki

Irin Nobile (Mobile, nobile), Nobi da Akatsuki suna da launi na lilac da lebe mai haske, furen ya girma har zuwa 4 cm. Ƙanshin Dendrobium Nobi, Nobile, Akatsuki yana da rauni na fure, cike da safiya a wuri mai faɗi. Tsire-tsire sun ƙunshi 3-4 pseudobulbs, an rufe su da furanni.

Papillio

Dangane da bayanin, furen dendrobium Papilios ya girma daga 30 zuwa 45 cm, ƙasa tana da haske, ruwa da numfashi ga orchids, furanni daga Janairu zuwa Disamba. Tsawon ƙwanƙwasa 30-45 cm, ganyen suna da tsayi 4-5 cm, furen yana da diamita 4-7 cm.

Noble Irene Smile

Nobile Irene Smile (Dendrobium Nobi, Nobile, Nobilis, Nobile, Star Klass Lilak): farin cikin gida hybrids, lokacin fure na kimanin makonni 12, tsayin 50 cm, mai tushe na jiki, pseudobulbs da ganyen kore. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu tasowa a cikin magungunan kasar Sin don ƙarfafa rigakafi da kuma kawar da gajiya ta jiki, ana samun magungunan a cikin capsules.

Lodigeza

Loddeza ruwan hoda ne zuwa ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda, tsayinsa ya kai 10-20 cm, tsayinsa ya kai cm 8-15. Furanni 1 yana tsiro akan peduncle. Itacen zai yi fure daga Fabrairu zuwa Yuni tare da kololuwa a cikin Afrilu. A cikin yanayi, akwai lokuta lokacin da Loddizea bai yi fure ba, yana da daraja tilasta shi don samar da harbe da buds.

Girma

Shuka shuka a gida cikin sauƙi

Feng Shui yana goyan bayan noman orchids a gida, bisa ga wannan, tsire-tsire furanni ne na mata. Yana da sauƙin girma dendrobium a gida a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman da buƙatun.

Temperatura

Dendrobium yana son zafi, a cikin hunturu zafin jiki shine 15-20 ° C a rana, 6-12 ° da dare. C.

A lokacin rani, don Dendrobium orchid, yawan zafin jiki a rana shine 18-25 ° C, da dare – 14 20 ° C.

Zazzabi a lokacin dormancy a cikin hunturu da dare shine 15-18 ° C, da yamma 20-25 ° C.

Haskewa

Gabas da yamma na gidan zasu dace tare, ana buƙatar duhu akan taga kudu.

Watse

A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, ruwa mai kyau a lokacin girma, ƙasa dole ne ya zama m. A cikin hunturu, ana buƙatar orchid a shayar da ƙasa sau da yawa, ana lura da busassun abun ciki.

Cuidado

Yin nazarin ka’idojin dasawa, zabar tukunya, substrate, shayarwa zai taimaka muku gano yadda ake kula da orchid Dendrobium yadda yakamata.

Dasawa

Ana yin dashen Dendrobium orchid kowace shekara 3, idan har:

• compaction ko bazuwar substrate,
• kwandon ya cika da saiwoyi.
• acidification ko salinization na substrate ta ban ruwa,
• tushen rot,
• bayan sayan, an dasa orchid.

Yana da kyau a sake dasa tsire-tsire a hankali, kamar yadda tushen orchids ba shi da ƙarfi.

Tukunyar dasawa

Ana zabar tukwane masu banƙyama don dasawa. Zai yiwu a dasa orchid bisa ga ka’idoji masu zuwa:

• Orchid ya tsufa a cikin maganin succinic acid na mintuna 10-15 ( kwamfutar hannu yana narkewa a cikin lita 1 na ruwan dumi),
• Tushen ya cika da danshi kuma ya canza launin su zuwa madara mai kore.
• Bayan bushewa na minti 30 kuma sanya su a kan wani substrate a cikin tukunya.
• ana sanya pseudobulbs kusa da gefen.
• Tushen ya kasance a cikin wuyan sama.
• idan tushen ya yi nisa daidai gwargwado, an rufe gibin da haushi.

Watse

Shayar da Dendrobium bayan kwanaki 3-14, ya dogara da girman tushen da raunin rauni daga lalacewa da aka samu yayin dasawa.

Substrate don dendrobium

Kafin amfani, dole ne a shafe bawon

Kula da Dendrobium ya ƙunshi zaɓin abin da za a shuka. Manyan abubuwan da aka gyara sune:

• haushin Pine matsakaici,
• gawayi,
• polystyrene shredded,
• shingle,
• bulo mai karye.

Kafin amfani, da substrate ne disinfected, zuba da ruwan zãfi da kuma bushe.

Sakamakon rashin kulawa

Dalilin bayyanar matsalolin ba shi da isasshen kulawa, za su buƙaci farfadowa.

Tushen rube

Lalacewa ga tushen tsarin yana faruwa saboda rashin kulawa mara kyau:

• wuce haddi danshi a cikin substrate.
• overfeeding da takin mai magani,
• substrate da kek,
• rashin ban ruwa,
• shuka overheating.

Idan orchid yana da ƙarfi a cikin tukunya, tushen yana cikin tsari, idan sun kasance launin ruwan kasa, m, slimy, yana da kyau a magance matsalar. An cire furen daga tukunyar, dole ne a yanke tushen lalacewa ko ruɓe. Sa’an nan kuma a fesa su da maganin phytosporin, sashin ƙasa kuma ana iya sarrafa shi. Ya kamata a dasa orchid a cikin sabuwar ƙasa bayan danshi ya bushe.

Gangar ta rube

Gangar ta fara rubewa daga kasa sama. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaban tushen rot. Idan an gano alamun cutar, ana amfani da magani tare da phytosporin da dasawa zuwa sabuwar ƙasa.

Dendrobium mai bushewa

Saboda rashin kulawar orchid mara kyau, dendrobium ya bushe kuma ganyen ya zama rawaya, ya zama mai rauni kuma ya faɗi. Manyan dalilan:

• harin mite,
• ganyen ya fara rube saboda zubar ruwa.
• atrophy na kyallen takarda lokacin da rashin danshi,
• lalacewar tushen sau da yawa yana faruwa.

Idan ganyen orchid ya zama taushi kuma yayi kama da rag, a yanka kuma ana bi da wuraren da aka yanke tare da fungicide, ana dakatar da shayarwa har sai ƙasa ta bushe zuwa ƙarfin 2/3.

Tsaguwa

Kararraki sun fara bayyana a cikin waɗannan lokuta:

• idan shuka ya fadi, ganyen ya lanƙwasa, lalacewar injiniya ta fara bayyana.
• wuce kima adadin nitrogen: don adana tushen an cire su daga substrate, ana buƙatar sabon ƙasa don dasawa, ana ciyar da su tare da takin mai magani na potassium da phosphorus na watanni 3, maidowa zai ɗauki shekara guda,
• bambancin zafin jiki, hypothermia bayan ban ruwa,
• Rashin ruwa yana haifar da lalacewar ganye.

Ganyen suna juya rawaya

Kuskuren ban ruwa na iya haifar da yellowing na ganye

Dalilan rawaya:

• shekarun furanni,
• yana fama da cututtuka da kwari,
• wani ƙona sinadari daga takin zamani ko abubuwan haɓaka girma ya bayyana akan tushe ko wasu sassan shuka,
• karin bayanai: ƙaura, rashin hasken wuta, zafi, yanayin iska mara kyau, kurakurai na ruwa.

Idan ganyen tsiron ya zama rawaya, ana ɗaukar matakai don magance shi da gyara shi.

Asarar buds da furanni

Yana haifar da fadowar tsiro:

• canjin muhalli,
• rashin haske,
• zafi fiye da kima,
• ba daidai ba watering,
• hypothermia.

Dasa shuki orchid bai kamata ya kasance kusa da ‘ya’yan itace ba, suna fitar da ethylene, wanda ke shafar tsufa na furanni da buds.

M saukad da

Digo-digo masu ɗaki suna iya fitowa akan ganye, kwararan fitila, da ƙananan harbe. Dalilan bayyanar su: jan hankalin kwari, kariya daga abubuwan waje, takin mai yawa, kurakurai na ruwa da kasancewar kwari.

Orchid yaduwa

Dendrobium yana yaduwa ta yara, yankan kuma tare da rarraba daji.

Haihuwa ta yara

Jaririn karamin tsari ne tare da rudiments na tushen.

Don raba da dasa jaririn zai juya:

• Idan jaririn ya girma zuwa 5 cm, an yanke shi.
• Tushen su jike,
• an sanya jaririn a cikin tukunyar da aka cika rabin.
• an ƙara substrate kuma an haɗa shi.
• wurin girma ya kasance a saman.

An gyara seedling tare da tallafi, yanayin greenhouse ba lallai ba ne. Ana buƙatar fesa saman Layer na substrate tsakanin waterings. Kusa da kaka, yara masu tushe suna girma a kan mai tushe, suna buƙatar rabuwa da kuma dasa su a cikin sababbin tukwane.

Yaduwa da kwaya

Yadawa ta tsaba yana da halaye na kansa. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin matsakaicin abinci mai gina jiki a cikin flasks na musamman, ana girma a ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje.

Rarraba daji

Yadda ake raba daji:

• an raba pseudobulbs daga uwar shuka,
• An yanke yanke a cikin yankan tare da nodes 2-3, tsayin 10 cm,
• Ana yin shuka a cikin ɗanyen sphagnum, a cikin rufaffiyar wuri a cikin jakar zila, ko a cikin greenhouse.

Ana kiyaye zafin jiki a matakin 20-25 ° C, ana buƙatar samun iska da shayar da tsire-tsire. Bayan makonni 2-3, shuka ya samo tushe a kan yankan, to ya kamata a dasa su a cikin tukwane tare da substrate.

Yankan a gida

Yadawa ta hanyar cuttings ba wuya

Yankewa – Hanyar yada Dendrobium, yayin datsa sashin apical na harbi o An raba harbe zuwa sassa 10-12 cm tsayi. Ana yanke yankan a cikin tushen bayani na tsawon sa’o’i 24, sa’an nan kuma a dasa shi a cikin akwati mara kyau kuma an zuba ruwa a kasan akwati. Bayan ‘yan watanni, tsire-tsire za su sami tsarin tushen ci gaba, suna shirye don dasa shuki.

Haihuwar Dendrobium ta hanyar yankan a gida hanya ce mai sauƙi. Ba zai zama da sauri don tushen yankan ba, tsarin zai ɗauki kimanin watanni shida, wannan shine mummunan gefen hanyar yadawa.

Sauran hanya

Wata hanyar da za a iya haifuwa shuka ita ce a yanke rassan shukar a matakin ƙasa bayan an sanya su a kwance a kan yashi mai ɗanɗano kuma a ci gaba da ɗanɗano na tsawon watanni.

Cututtuka

Kulawa da kyau na orchids yana da matukar mahimmanci a gare su, godiya gare shi tsire-tsire suna dagewa daga cutar.

Fungal cututtuka

Don maganin cututtukan fungal, ana kula da shuka tare da fungicide Ridomil Gold.

Akwai cututtuka:

1. Phyllosticosis – rawaya spots bayyana, duhu, ganye bushe da rot.
2. Fusarium spots lalata ganye, pseudobulbs, furanni, harbe. Mai cutar da cutar yana shiga cikin orchid ta cikin ganyayyaki da tushen lalacewa. Dendrobium ba a warke gaba ɗaya ba, an keɓe shi daga furanni, an yanke shi kuma an lalata shi. A cikin bazara ko lokacin rani, ana dasa furen cikin sabuwar ƙasa da tukunya.
3. Grey rot yana bayyana ta hanyar ƙananan tabo na ruwa akan furanni da buds, wanda ya haifar da naman gwari na nau’in Botryties.
4. Ciwon Cercospore yana faruwa ne ta hanyar rawaya tabo akan ganyen da ke ƙasa, bayan yaduwa zuwa sashinsa na sama. A spots rufe dukan ganye, a sakamakon haka, ya fadi daga shuka.
5. Botrytis: aibobi masu launin toka suna bayyana akan ganye da pseudobulbs. Cutar na faruwa ne saboda karuwar zafi, rashin samun iska, da yawan nitrogen, da rashin haske. Ana cire orchid mara lafiya daga tsire-tsire kuma ana bi da shi tare da fungicides.

Rushewar ƙwayoyin cuta

Bacterial rot ana bi da tare da jan karfe tushen fungicides, jan karfe sulfate ya dace da jiyya. An yanke sassan da suka lalace kuma an cire su, sauran sassan ya kamata a bi da su tare da fungicides sau 2-3 tare da mitar kwanaki 10.

Ruɓewar ƙwayoyin cuta yana bayyana azaman tabo mai launin ruwan kasa, ƙasa da yawa mai ruwa tare da launin rawaya. Za a farfado da shuka ta hanyar fesa da kewaye shi da maganin fungicides kafin da kuma bayan yanayin damina. Da zarar an gano cutar, an cire wurin da ya kamu da cutar kuma a yi amfani da maganin fungicides.

Za a yi maganin pseudomonasase ta hanyar lalata ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma kawar da wurinta a cikin yanayin da za su iya rayuwa da kuma cutar da shuka. Cutar da ke kan ganye ana bi da ita tare da hydrogen peroxide.

Dole ne a bi da su tare da chlorine, yana da mahimmanci don kula da tsire-tsire a cikin unguwa, kamar yadda cutar ke tasowa da sauri.

Kwayoyin cuta ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri

Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna haɓaka sannu a hankali kuma ba za a iya magance su ba. Suna bayyana a cikin nau’i na spots, ganye a hankali sun lalace kuma sun mutu. Ba zai yiwu a ceci shuka ba, saboda haka an jefar da shi kuma an ajiye shi ta wasu tsire-tsire, ɗakin yana ƙarƙashin tsabtace rigar tare da disinfection.

Karin kwari

Kwari suna da haɗari:

• Jan gizo-gizo,
• aphids,
• tafiye-tafiye,
• zubewa
• Woodlouse.

Suna lalata foliage da furanni na orchid, shuka ya mutu. Idan an gano, ya zama dole don fara maganin shuka.

Kula da kwaro

Kula da kwaro zai taimaka magungunan kashe kwari: Fitoverm, Biotlin, Vermitek, Aktara, Sanmayt da sauransu. Hakanan ana daidaita yanayin zafi a kusa da shuka, ana wanke ganyen kowane mako 2 tare da ruwan sabulu.

Don hanawa da kare orchids daga kwari, ba da iska a wuraren kuma ku guje wa zane.

ƙarshe

Dendrobium orchid yana bambanta da nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) da kuma ikon yada shi a gida. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, zai yiwu a yi girma mai kyau shuka.