Dokokin dasa letas a cikin Urals –

Dasa barkono a cikin Urals babban aiki ne mai wahala. A cikin yanayi mai tsanani, tsire-tsire na thermophilic yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Za mu yi bayani dalla-dalla yadda za a yi ƙasa daidai a cikin labarin.

Dokokin dasa barkono barkono a cikin Urals

Dokokin noma

Don girma barkono barkono a cikin Urals, kuna buƙatar bin ƙa’idodin fasahar aikin gona:

1. Don shuka barkono mai dadi a cikin Urals yana da kyau a zabi farkon-ripening ko matsakaici-ripening hybrids. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa irin waɗannan nau’in suna da sanyi. Tsarin samuwar ovary a cikin nau’ikan matasan ya fi tsanani.
2. Girma ta hanyar seedling.
3. Kula da lokacin dasa barkono don seedlings a cikin Urals.
4. Shirye seedlings ya kamata a dasa a cikin greenhouse. Wannan zai taimaka samar da yanayi mai dadi ga ciyayi na shuka a kowane yanayin yanayi.
5. Shuka amfanin gona tare da haɓakawa da haɓaka haɓaka.

Shuka seedlings

Shuka barkono mai kamshi a cikin Urals yana farawa tare da noman seedlings lafiya. Lokacin shuka iri ya dogara da nau’ikan da aka zaɓa don shuka. Lokacin girma yana da fiye da kwanaki 100. Ana ba da shawarar fara shuka barkono don seedlings a cikin Urals a cikin rabin na biyu na Fabrairu.

Shirye-shiryen iri

Masana aikin gona suna ba da shawarar nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan shuka don shuka barkono don seedlings a cikin Urals. Shuka amfanin gona na farko:

• Winnie da Pooh,
• Huntsman,
• Na daya,
• Amber,
• Agapovsky,
• Dobrynya Niktich,
• Kolobok,
• Malam.

Daga tsakiyar kakar lambu ana bada shawarar shuka:

• Atlant,
• Dan wasa,
• Alyosha Popovich,
• Mai kunnawa

Waɗannan nau’ikan ba sa buƙatar sarrafawa don kashewa. Kafin shuka, yana da kyau a jiƙa zaɓaɓɓen iri a cikin abubuwan haɓaka girma. Mival Agro, Ecogel, Emistim sun nuna sosai. Wannan zai kara yawan digiri na germination da kuma hanzarta aiwatar da kafa tsarin tushen lafiya.

Seedling ƙasa

ƙasa barkono mai sako-sako da

Barkono ba ya son dasawa. Don rage damuwa da dasawa, dasa barkono barkono a cikin Urals a cikin haske, ƙasa mara kyau.

Ya kamata a ƙara ƙasa hydrogel zuwa gaurayar da aka zaɓa don shuka barkono mai zaki. Saboda haka, shuka za a kiyaye shi daga zubar ruwa ko rashin danshi.

Temperatura

A duk tsawon lokacin germination iri, wajibi ne don kula da zafin jiki na dakin 24 – 26 ° C. Na farko harbe zai bayyana a cikin kwanaki 10-14.

Idan ma’aunin zafi da sanyio yana cikin kewayon 20-24 ° C, to, harbe zai bayyana a baya fiye da makonni biyu.

Idan ba za a iya kiyaye zafin jiki na dakin a matakin da ake buƙata ba, yana da kyau a yi karamin greenhouse.

Harbe na farko

Bayan bayyanar harbe-harbe na farko, ana kiyaye yawan zafin rana a 24 ° C. Da dare ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin 16 da 18 ° C.

Hotunan suna buƙatar haske mai yawa. Sa’o’in hasken rana ya kamata su kasance daga sa’o’i 12 zuwa 14. Don yin wannan, ɗakin yana sanye da ƙarin fitilu don hasken halitta.

Dasawa

Lokacin da ganye na gaske guda uku suka bayyana akan harbe barkono, dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire. Don wannan, wajibi ne a shirya kwantena daban don kowane harbi. Kuna buƙatar dasa barkono barkono a cikin ƙasa mai albarka. Kuna iya bi da shi tare da hydrogel. Kafin irin wannan magani, dole ne a nutsar da hydrogel a cikin wani bayani na takin ma’adinai.

Watse

Pepper yana son danshi. Shayar da seedlings tare da dumi, ruwa mai tsabta. Bai kamata a bar zubar ruwa ba. Ana bada shawarar yin ruwa idan ya cancanta.

Da takin mai magani

Bayan dasawa da tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar fara ciyar da shuka. Aikace-aikacen taki na farko yana faruwa kwanaki 7-10 bayan girbi. Tsakanin ciyarwa ya kamata ya kasance mako guda.

Don takin mai magani a wannan lokacin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa na musamman. Sun ƙunshi duk duniya da macronutrients. Abubuwan da Kemira Lux suka yi sun sami kyakkyawan bita.

Seedling hardening

Tsarin yin amfani da yanayin girma na halitta yana farawa a rabi na biyu na Maris. Kowace rana, ɗauki kwantena tare da seedlings zuwa loggia mai glazed ko baranda mai rufi.

Shiri na gadaje masu zafi

Muna shuka ne kawai a cikin gadaje da aka shirya

Muna girma a cikin gadaje masu dumi. Don man fetur, ana amfani da taki tare da bambaro da ganye, saman, da sauran kwayoyin halitta.

Ana aiwatar da tsarin shirya gadaje a cikin greenhouse a matakai da yawa:

1. An rufe gadaje da fim mai haske. Wannan zai hanzarta aikin narke saman saman ƙasa.
2. An tarwatsa kwayoyin halitta da aka tattara a cikin gadaje kuma an zubar da su sosai tare da maganin urea mai zafi. Ana shirya maganin a cikin adadin cokali ɗaya tare da zamewar busassun taki ga kowane lita 10 na ruwa.
3. An sake rufe gadaje da fim kuma an bar su na kwanaki da yawa.
4. A saman kwayoyin halitta, ƙasa tana wadatar da takin ma’adinai da toka. . Layer na ƙasa dole ne ya zama akalla 10 cm.

Dasa seedlings a cikin wani greenhouse

Canja wurin seedlings zuwa greenhouse fara a cikin shekaru goma na ƙarshe na Mayu. Tushen sun riga sun wanzu a cikin sprouts a wannan lokacin.

Dole ne a shayar da sprouts sosai. Sa’an nan kuma cire kwano a hankali a hankali a cikin ramukan da aka shirya. Ba a ba da shawarar zurfafa seedlings ba.

Tsarin shuka

Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings a wani ƙayyadadden wuri, ya kamata a bi tsarin dasa:

1. Ana dasa nau’ikan tsayi a nesa da bai gaza 45 cm daga juna ba. Nisa tsakanin layuka shine 70 cm.
2. An dasa nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan da aka dasa su ne 35-40 cm.

Matsugunan ciki

A cikin Urals, yiwuwar sanyi ya kasance har zuwa tsakiyar watan Yuni. Masana aikin gona sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙarin matsuguni a cikin greenhouse.

Don yin wannan, shigar da arches kuma cire abu mai yawa. A kwanakin rana mai dumi, an cire fim ɗin murfin kuma an mayar da shi zuwa wurin da dare.

Kuna iya cire ƙarin murfin gaba ɗaya kawai a cikin shekaru goma na uku na Yuni.

Da takin mai magani

Pepper yana son ƙasa mai albarka. Haɗuwa yayin dashen barkono a cikin Urals ya dogara da yanayin ƙasa.

Don takin ƙasa mara kyau, yi amfani da cakuda takin gargajiya tare da takin ma’adinai.

Kamar kwayoyin halitta suna cin ruɓaɓɓen takin. Daga cikin samfuran da aka gama, zaku iya amfani da Kemira Lux.

Bush kula

Kyakkyawan da karfi seedlings

Dasa barkono don seedlings a cikin Urals shine ƙirƙirar yanayi mai daɗi don lokacin girma a kowane mataki na noma. Ya kamata a shirya kulawar shuka tare da la’akari da halaye na nau’in da aka zaɓa.

Takin ciki

Hadi yana taimakawa haɓaka yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tufafin al’ada na yau da kullun ana aiwatar da su kamar haka:

1. Tufafin saman mako-mako don tushen da foliar. An ba da shawarar yin amfani da takin mai magani mai rikitarwa. Amfani da magunguna dole ne ya kasance daidai da umarnin masana’anta.
2. Yin amfani da cakuda abinci mai gina jiki tare da tasiri mai dorewa. Irin waɗannan takin suna ba da abinci mai gina jiki ga shuka koyaushe.

Tsarin ƙasa

Pepper ba ya son ƙasa mai nauyi da yawa. Wannan yana haifar da rashin iska a cikin tushen tsarin amfanin gona.

Dole ne a tabbatar da iyawar iska ta ƙasa ta hanyar sassauta abubuwan da ake ƙarawa. Zaka iya amfani da sawdust, hay, crumbled itace haushi.

Padding zai taimaka wajen magance wannan matsala. An rufe yankin tushen da Layer na ganye, bambaro, ko Layer na humus.

Yanayin ban ruwa

Rashin ruwa mara kyau yana shafar shuka:

• Rashin zafi yana haifar da faduwar ovaries.
• Yawan danshi yana haifar da ci gaban cututtuka.

Ƙasa mai bushewa ya kamata ya zama alamar shayarwa. Shayar da tsire-tsire kawai a tushen. Don ban ruwa, yi amfani da ruwa mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki na 33-35 ° C.

Pollination

Pollination yana da wahala a cikin Urals. Don hana ovaries daga fadowa, ana bi da tsire-tsire tare da masu motsa jiki na samuwar ‘ya’yan itace. Shagunan musamman suna ba da maganin Bud.

Ba a ba da shawarar shuka irin barkono mai zaki da tsami a lokaci guda ba. Wannan zai haifar da hayewar hybrids. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari za su sami dandano mai dadi da m.

Samar da bushes

Seedlings ne mai saukin kamuwa da cuta

Yanayin yanayi na Urals ba sa ƙyale girbi a yawancin harbe na shuka. Samuwar bushes yana ƙarfafa yawan ‘ya’yan itace.

Siffata bushes kamar haka:

1. Ana cire harbe na biyu kamar yadda suka bayyana.
2. Adadin manyan ƴan uwa ya dogara da adadin haske da tsawon lokacin bazara. A cikin yanayi mara kyau, barkono ya zama cikin tudu uku.
3. Yayin da amfanin gona ya girma, ana cire harbe.
4. Ana cire harbe-harbe tare da alamun ci gaban cutar.

Tsire-tsire na Garter

Pepper shuka ce mai rauni sosai. A ƙarƙashin nauyin ‘ya’yan itace, harbe na iya karya. Don kauce wa wannan, an ɗaure tsire-tsire.

Ana gudanar da garter tare da zare a ƙarƙashin reshe na farko. Sannan kowane harbi daban.

A ƙarƙashin ‘ya’yan itatuwa, waɗanda suke kusa da ƙasa, sanya allunan. Wannan yana kare su daga kamuwa da ruɓa.

Cututtuka da kwari

Saboda yanayin, dasa amfanin gona a cikin Urals yana ƙarƙashin mamayewar kaska da aphids. Daga cikin cututtuka, fari da launin toka rot yana da haɗari ga shuka.

Karin kwari

Kula da kwaro yana farawa a alamar farko na maƙwabta masu cutarwa.

1. A lokacin lokacin da har yanzu babu furanni da ‘ya’yan itatuwa, ana kula da shuka tare da maganin kwari. Daga cikin su, Actellik ya tabbatar da cewa yana da kyau.
2. Kula da kwaro, wanda ya bayyana a cikin wani lokaci na gaba, yana buƙatar amfani da ƙarin abubuwan da aka tattara. Kuna iya amfani da Fitover.
3. Yin amfani da magungunan gida ba ya haifar da sakamako mai ma’ana.

Cututtuka

Seedlings suna shafar cututtukan fungal. Alamun ci gaban cututtuka sune jika a kan ganye, ‘ya’yan itatuwa da kuma a gindin harbe.

Don magance cututtuka yadda ya kamata, ana ɗaukar matakan rigakafi:

1. Kiyaye ka’idodin juyawa amfanin gona. Don yin wannan, kowace shekara canza ƙasa a cikin greenhouses.
2. Bayan girbi, duk ragowar ana ƙone su.
3. Ana yin girbi ‘ya’yan itatuwa da suka shafa daban. An lalata su.
4. Gine-ginen ana ba da iska akai-akai don guje wa gurɓata ruwa.

Girbi

Pepper ‘ya’yan itatuwa Shirye don amfani a mataki na fasaha balaga. A wannan lokacin, barkono barkono suna kore.

Lambu ba sa ƙyale cikakken ripening na ‘ya’yan itatuwa a kan bushes. A lokacin ripening, babu sabon ovaries bayyana a kan bushes. Aiki zai zama mara kyau.

Cikakkun ‘ya’yan itacen da aka girbe a fasaha za su kai ga balaga na halitta a cikin mako guda. Don yin wannan, ana sanya barkono a cikin dakin duhu kuma suna kula da zafin jiki na akalla 20 ° C. Idan yawan zafin jiki ya ragu, ‘ya’yan itatuwa za su yi girma a cikin wata daya.

Dabaru

Ana gudanar da tarin ne bisa ga ka’idoji masu zuwa:

1. Ana girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa bushe. Raɓar safiya na iya sa barkono ya ruɓe lokacin ajiya.
2. Kada ku karya ko ƙoƙarin tsinke ‘ya’yan itace daga daji. Wannan zai lalata shuka. Dole ne ku datsa barkono.

ƙarshe

Noman barkono a cikin Urals yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali. Yarda da ka’idodin fasahar aikin gona yana tabbatar da girbi mai yawa na barkono masu ƙamshi, har ma a cikin yanayin yanayi mara kyau.