Dokokin girma barkono barkono a gida –

Noman barkono mai kyau shine mabuɗin samun nasarar noman barkono. Domin seedlings a kan windowsill suyi girma lafiya, kuna buƙatar bin wasu dokoki. Labarin yana ba da umarnin mataki-mataki don girma barkono barkono.

П Yadda ake shuka barkono a gida

Shirye-shiryen ƙasa

Shuka barkono barkono a gida ya haɗa da zabar ƙasa don shuka iri. Kowace al’adar mutum yana da nasa bukatun don ƙasa da abun da ke ciki. Ganyen barkono dole ne ya cika buƙatu masu zuwa:

1. Nauyi mai nauyi, da magudanar ruwa mai kyau tare da sako-sako da tsari don haka ruwa zai iya wucewa cikin sauƙi kuma baya tsayawa.
2. Na gina jiki, tare da mafi kyawun adadin abubuwan gano abubuwa (N-0.2%, P-0.2%, K-2%) da kasancewar magnesium, calcium, manganese da baƙin ƙarfe.
3. Mai tsaka tsaki a cikin acidity, tare da matakin pH na 5-7.
4. Dole ne ya ƙunshi microflora da mahadi masu rai.

Shiri na cakuda ƙasa

Kuna iya siyan cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya, amma ba zai yi wahala ku dafa shi da kanku ba. Don wannan kuna buƙatar:

• turf kasa 3 kg,
• peat – 3 kg,
• nauyi 3 kg,
• gishiri 300 g,
• ruwa – 0.5 l.

Dole ne a haɗa dukkan abubuwan da aka haɗa su sosai. Irin wannan cakuda ya dace don girma barkono barkono a gida.

Dole ne a shafe cakuda ƙasa don guje wa kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta ko kwari. Ana iya yin hakan ta hanyoyi biyu:

1. Thermal: Ana ajiye ƙasa a cikin tanda a zazzabi na 90 ° C, minti 30-40. ko kuma a zuba ƙasa da ruwan zãfi.
2. Chemical: don lalata, yi amfani da potassium permanganate (1 g da lita 1 na ruwa) ko hydrogen peroxide (1 tablespoon da 1 lita na ruwa). Ana zuba cakuda ƙasa tare da maganin da aka shirya kuma a bar shi ya bushe.

Ta hanyar kula da ƙasa ta wannan hanya, ana iya kare tsire-tsire matasa yadda ya kamata.

Zaɓi kwantena

don dacewa cikin kowane damar da ake samu, Zai iya zama kwantena filastik, akwatunan baranda, kofuna na filastik, harsashi na musamman, kofuna na takarda peat. Tukwane na peat sun dace musamman don shuka seedlings, tare da su, ba tare da rauni mai yawa ba, zaku iya shuka tsire-tsire masu girma a wuri na dindindin. Ana iya siyan su a shagunan lambu, amma kuna iya yin su da kanku.

Don yin wannan, yi amfani da abubuwan da ke biyowa:

• barkono 700 g,
• humus 300 g,
• gishiri – 100 g,
• lemun tsami 30 g.

Ya kamata a tsoma peat, mullein ya cika da ruwan zafi (250 ml). Duk abubuwan da aka gyara gaba daya sun hade. Ana ƙara ruwa a cikin ƙananan sassa har sai wani lokacin dakatarwa ya fito, kada ya yada. Samar da tukwane na peat tare da gilashin biyu ko kofuna na filastik. Ganuwar ciki na gilashi ɗaya yana yada cakudawar da aka samu, kuma an saka na biyu a tsakiya. Suna ba da tabarau don bushewa da kyau, sannan za su kasance a shirye don amfani.

Idan ana amfani da akwatunan baranda, wanda tsire-tsire suka girma a baya, dole ne a wanke su da ruwan zãfi ko kuma a wanke su sosai tare da bayani na soda, ƙara 2-4 a kowace lita 1 na ruwan dumi Art. L soda burodi.

Zuba cakuda a cikin akwati da aka zaɓa da kuma shirya. Bayan ‘yan sa’o’i kafin shuka shayar.

Shirye-shiryen iri da shuka

Ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen hunturu

Ana shuka tsaba barkono don seedlings a ƙarshen Fabrairu da farkon Maris. Wannan shine lokacin da ya fi dacewa don shuka. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin greenhouse, zai girma da ƙarfafawa.

Kafin shuka tsaba na Bulgarian mai zaki ko barkono mai zafi, kuna buƙatar ɗanɗano daga cututtuka da kwari da jiƙa don haɓaka haɓaka. Don etching, na fi yawan amfani da maganin potassium permanganate, peroxide, ko ammonia. Ana shirya mafita ta hanyar lura da kashi:

• 1 g na potassium permanganate da 1 lita na ruwa;
• 2 tsp. l peroxide da 1 lita na ruwa.
• 1 tablespoon. l ammonia a cikin 1 lita na ruwa.

A cikin ɗayan waɗannan mafita, ana jiƙa tsaba don 2-4 hours. Bayan etching, a wanke da ruwa. Don shuka tsaba da sauri, ana yada su a tsakanin nau’i biyu masu laushi (bandage, gauze, auduga). Ana sanya su a wuri mai dumi (25-28 ° C). Yarda da zafin jiki a lokacin shuka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa, wannan yana rinjayar lokacin germination iri. Ƙananan zafin jiki, mafi tsawo lokacin germination. A yanayin zafi ƙasa da 12 ° C, tsaba suna dakatar da haɓakawa.

Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa tsaba ba su bushe ba kuma suyi ruwa yayin da suke bushewa. Bayan kwanaki 3-5 suna ƙyanƙyashe kuma ana iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa. Tsaba kusa da zurfin 1-1.5 cm. A saman akwati, matsi fim din kuma sanya shi a wuri mai haske, tare da zazzabi na 23-25 ​​° C ba tare da zane ba. Harbe suna bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10.

Cuidado

Bayan farkon harbe-harbe, fim ɗin ya buɗe a hankali, kuma bayan ƴan kwanaki an cire shi gaba ɗaya. Bayan kula da barkono barkono yana bin tsarin zafin jiki, hasken da ya dace, shayarwa na yau da kullun, da suturar sama. Kowane tsari yana da halaye na kansa kuma kawai ta hanyar la’akari da su, zaku iya samun sakamako mai kyau lokacin da muke girma barkono barkono don seedlings. Kulawa mai kyau yana ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba mai kyau da haɓaka tsirrai.

Zazzabi da haske

Don girma barkono barkono a kan windowsill, kuna buƙatar yin hankali sosai game da tsarin zafin jiki da hasken wuta. Wannan al’adar kudanci ce da ke buƙatar zafi da haske mai yawa, kuma dole ne a yi la’akari da waɗannan halaye. Madaidaicin zafin jiki da hasken da ya dace sune mahimman abubuwan da suke girma cikin lafiyayyen tsiro.

Mafi kyawun zafin jiki don ci gaban seedlings shine 22-26 ° C. A zazzabi na 15 ° C, hardening yana farawa. Don yin wannan, suna kai ta kan titi ko zuwa baranda na sa’o’i da yawa. Duk lokacin da tsire-tsire ke ciyarwa a waje yana ƙaruwa. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura cewa mafi girma da zafin jiki na iska, mafi tsanani da hasken wuta. Tare da rashin haske, tsire-tsire suna fara shimfiɗawa da ciwo.

Barkono yana girma sosai a cikin sa’o’i 12 na hasken rana. Lokacin da shuka da girma seedlings, har yanzu akwai ƙananan haske na halitta, rana ta takaice, kuma akwai kwanaki masu yawa. Don sarrafa hasken, zaku iya amfani da hasken baya:

• fitilar rana,
• phytolamps,
• fitilar sodium.

An shigar da fitilar a tsayin 30-40 cm sama da tsire-tsire. Ana haɗa ƙarin hasken rana da safe da rana a ranakun rana don ƙara sa’o’in hasken rana. A cikin ranakun gajimare, fitilar ya kamata ta haskaka shuka duk rana.

Watse

Barkono na buƙatar kulawa

Danshi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aiwatar da shuka barkono mai zaki da tsami. Yawan adadin danshi zai tabbatar da cikakken ci gaba da abinci mai gina jiki na tsire-tsire matasa.

Ana yin shayarwa ta farko bayan kwana uku bayan fitowar. Suna yin shi sosai a hankali, zaka iya amfani da sirinji ko teaspoon, zuba kowane seedling a cikin ƙananan rabo. Ana ba da shawarar shayar da barkono a kowace rana da safe, a cikin ƙananan sassa. Yi amfani da dumi, ruwa mai kyau. Har ila yau, ya kamata a tuna cewa yawan shayarwa zai dogara ne akan yanayin zafi a cikin dakin, yawan ƙasa wanda tsire-tsire ke girma, da kuma ikon ƙasa don riƙe danshi. Mafi girman yawan zafin jiki da ƙarami, yawancin shayarwa ana yin su.

Akwai yanayi lokacin da ba zai yiwu a yi ruwa a cikin lokaci ba, don kada tsire-tsire ba su sha wahala daga lalacewa, an zuba 1-1.5 cm na agroperlite a ƙasa. Yana riƙe danshi da kyau kuma yana hana ƙasa bushewa da sauri.

Abincin

Barkono dole ne a ciyar da abinci mai gina jiki don haɓaka mai kyau. Ana yin suturar farko ta farko kwanaki 14 bayan fitowar, kwana 10 na biyu kafin dasa shuki a gonar.

Don girma barkono barkono a gida, zaka iya amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa:

1. Dole ne a bushe bawon ayaba a niƙa shi da foda. Zuba tsire-tsire masu foda akan ƙasa mai ɗanɗano.
2. Ɗauki kwai na qwai 3-4 kuma ku cika su da lita 3 na ruwa. Bar a wuri mai duhu don kwanaki 3-5. Kafin amfani, tsoma da ruwa a cikin wani rabo na 1: 2 da kuma zuba barkono.
3. Iodine Zuwa 1 lita na ruwa, ƙara 1 digo na aidin da shayar da bushes.
4. Yisti na burodi. 10 g na yisti da 5 g na sukari suna narkar da a cikin 3 l na ruwan dumi, nace na minti 40. Ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu shirye don ciyarwa.
5. Jiko na ganye. Duk wani koren ciyawa (dandelion, nettle, calendula) ya dace da jiko, 200 g na ciyawa da aka murƙushe an zuba tare da 1 lita na ruwan dumi kuma nace tsawon kwanaki 5-7. Kafin amfani, tsarma da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1: 5. Ana shayar da barkono a hankali tare da irin wannan jiko.

Duk waɗannan riguna na sama an yi su ne da sabo, amma za su kawo fa’ida ga shuke-shuke matasa.

Kuna iya amfani da ma’adanai na gaggawa (Master, Kemira, Plantafon) ko takin gargajiya (Humate-Potassium, Stimovit, Agricola) Ana amfani da su bisa ga allurai da masana’anta suka kayyade.

An tattara

Idan ana shuka tsaba na barkono Bulgarian mai zaki ko mai ɗaci a cikin akwati na yau da kullun ko a cikin ƙaramin akwati, ɗan ƙaramin tsiro tsiro, kuna buƙatar yin zaɓi. Barkono wata tsiro ce mai tsattsauran tsarin tushen da za ta iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Saboda haka, nutsewar dole ne a yi a hankali kuma daidai.

1. Ana yin dipping lokacin da ganye na gaske 4-5 sun riga sun girma akan tsire-tsire.
2. Ranar kafin hanya, shayar.
3. 200-350 ml kofuna na filastik tare da ramin magudanar ruwa da aka yi sun dace da tarin.
4. Cika kwantena tare da shirye-shiryen tsaba, da kuma shuka cakuda ƙasa, yin rami.
5. Ana cire tsire-tsire daga shuka gaba ɗaya. yi jita-jita tare da cokali ko spatula tare da yanki na ƙasa.
6. Da farko, dasa tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, tabbatar da tushen yana lebur, ko kuma a kusa da agogo a cikin da’irar
7. Yayyafa da ƙasa, dan kadan compacted kusa da kara.
8. Bayan tsoma, tsire-tsire suna inuwa na kwanaki 2-4 a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye.
9. Ban ruwa yana ciyar da kwanaki 4.

Cututtuka

Seedlings ne mai saukin kamuwa da cuta

Idan shukar ta yi kyau sosai, an shuka iri kuma ta girma bisa ga dukkan buƙatun noma, ba kasafai ake kamuwa da cuta ba.

Bakar kafa

Cutar da aka fi sani da barkono barkono shine kafa baƙar fata. Rashin bin tsarin tsarin zafin jiki da ambaliya yana haifar da bayyanarsa. Cutar tana tasowa da sauri kuma tana iya kashe duk tsiro. Lokacin da kamuwa da baƙar fata, kara da tushen wuyansa ya yi bakin ciki kuma ya yi duhu, ganyen ya bushe kuma tsire-tsire suna sauke. Don hana cutar, dole ne a bi ka’idodin shirya da girma ƙasa da tsaba.

Idan, duk da haka, cutar ta shiga cikin seedlings, yana da mahimmanci don ganin wannan a matakin farko. An cire barkono na farko da aka shafa, suna kama ƙasa da tsire-tsire masu makwabta. Ana kula da wurin da ya girma tare da raunin ruwan hoda mai rauni na potassium permanganate. Kuma sauran tsire-tsire ana bi da su tare da Previkur.

Fusarium

Wannan cuta na fungal na iya shafar tsiron barkono idan an yi amfani da cakuda ƙasa mara kyau ko iri da ba a rufe ba. Alamun cutar sune wilting na ganye, launin ruwan kasa capillaries jijiyoyin bugun gini a cikin wani sashe na kara, thinning na tushen wuyansa. Hanya mafi kyau don guje wa wannan ita ce bin duk ka’idodin shuka da kulawa. Idan akwai lalacewar cututtuka, ana cire harbe masu cutar kuma ana kula da sauran tsire-tsire tare da Trichodermin. Wannan samfuri ne na halitta wanda ya dogara da ƙwayoyin cuta masu rai na Trichoderma, wanda a zahiri ke lalata ƙwayoyin cuta.

Karin kwari

Seedlings na iya zama irreparably lalacewa ta daban-daban kwari da parasitize matasa shuke-shuke da deplete su. barkono mai zafi ba su da yuwuwar cutar da kwari fiye da barkono mai zaki. Amma ba kowane nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in) da ke da kariya daga irin waɗannan matsalolin. Seedlings na iya shafar irin waɗannan kwari:

1. Aphids: kwari suna elongated, m daga haske kore zuwa launin ruwan kasa, tare da girman da ya bambanta daga 0.3 mm. Kuna iya samun shi a cikin ganyayyaki da mai tushe, yana barin sawu mai dadi.
2. Whitefly – ƙananan kwari masu tashi har zuwa 3mm, suna kama da fararen asu. Ta tsotse ruwan ‘ya’yan itace daga tsire-tsire kuma tana canja wurin cututtukan fungal.
3. Thrips – har zuwa 2 mm tsayi, launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu tare da jiki mai tsayi. Suna parasitize akan shuka kuma suna ɗaukar cututtuka.
4. Mite Spider yana da ƙanƙanta sosai a girman har zuwa 0.4mm a diamita. Alamar bayyanannen kasancewar ticks akan tsire-tsire zai zama gidan yanar gizo na gizo-gizo na bakin ciki. Kwaro ƙanana ce amma m kuma yana iya kashe tsire-tsire.

Don kare barkono daga waɗannan kwari, zaka iya amfani da albasa ko tafarnuwa jiko. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna da wadata a cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen magance kwari. Don shirya jiko, ɗauki 100 g na albasa ko tafarnuwa, yankakken cikin porridge kuma zuba 5 l na ruwan dumi. Ana fesa jiko da aka shirya sau 2-3, kowane kwanaki 10.

Kuna iya amfani da maganin sabulu a cikin lita 5 na ruwan dumi, narke 100 g na sabulun gida 72%. Fesa ganye da mai tushe da kyau. A lokacin fesa, an rufe ƙasa don kada maganin sabulu ya shiga ciki. Bayan kwana guda, sabulun yana wanke ganye da mai tushe.

Kuna iya amfani da shirye-shiryen maganin kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta (Aktarofit, Aktara, Aktelik). Ana diluted kudaden bisa ga umarnin masana’anta. Yana da kyawawa don sarrafa tsire-tsire a cikin sararin samaniya ko a baranda. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ɗakin yana da iska sosai bayan sarrafawa.

ƙarshe

Sirrin girma lafiya da karfi barkono seedlings ne a hankali kula da samar da yanayi mai kyau. Ta bin ka’idoji masu sauƙi, za ku iya taimakawa seedlings suyi tushe a cikin lambun, kuma zai faranta muku rai da babban girbi.