barkono mai dadi al’ada ce da yawancin mazauna bazara suka fi so. Yana da daraja don dandano mai kyau, kayan amfani masu amfani (abun ciki na bitamin C ya fi girma a cikin black currant da lemun tsami). Irin barkono mai dadi da m (zafi) sun bambanta a cikin abun ciki na musamman alkaloid – capsaicin. Yi la’akari da girma barkono barkono a waje.
Nome barkono s a cikin bude ƙasa
shuka seedlings
barkono Bulgarian – thermophilic, yana buƙatar fita. Bari mu gano menene asirin da kuke buƙatar sani don tabbatar da mafi kyawun yanayi don haɓakawa da haɓaka.
Shuka iri
Zaɓuɓɓukan shirya iri:
- Ana sanya tsaba na minti 20 a cikin wani bayani na 1% na potassium permanganate, sannan a jika na tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a cikin ruwa.
- kumfa: kiyaye iri a cikin ruwa cike da iskar oxygen (misali, ta yin amfani da kwampreshin kifin aquarium), ana ƙara kwalaye 2 na ash a cikin ruwa, Hakanan zaka iya amfani da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace ja (kyakkyawan haɓakar haɓakawa).
- Ana kashe tsaba: ana sanya su na tsawon kwanaki 2 a cikin firiji a zazzabi na 2-5 ° C, sannan a rana ɗaya a cikin dakin da zafin jiki, bayan haka, suna ajiye shi a cikin sanyi don ƙarin kwanaki 2 kuma a shuka shi nan da nan.
Tsarin ƙasa seedling yayi kama da na noman tumatir: cakuda ƙasa ciyawa, humus da yashi. Kafin shuka, ana shayar da ƙasa a cikin tire tare da tsayayyen ruwa ko narke. Ana shuka tsaba zuwa zurfin 1 cm. Nisa a cikin jere shine 2 cm, tsakanin layuka shine 3-4 cm.
An rufe akwati da gilashi ko fim kuma an bar shi a wuri mai dumi don germination na tsaba. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 25-27 ° C (a 15 ° C ba za su iya tashi ba kwata-kwata).
Seedling kula
Sprouts suna bayyana kwanaki 6-10 bayan shuka (tsaran da aka shuka na iya tsiro a baya). Tushen tsarin barkono yana da fibrous, yana cikin saman saman ƙasa, saboda haka yana da matukar damuwa ga rashin danshi. Dole ne a sha ruwa akai-akai don kada ƙasa ta bushe. A lokaci guda kuma, wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya tsayawa.
Seedlings suna son hasken rana, amma a tsakiyar rana ya fi kyau inuwa ta. A kan tagogin da ke fuskantar arewa, tsire-tsire sun fi muni, don haka yana da kyau a zabi kudu ko yamma.
Kafin dasa shuki, ana ciyar da tsire-tsire sau biyu tare da taki mai rikitarwa. Ana yin suturar farko ta farko bayan bayyanar 2 ainihin zanen gado. Kuna iya ciyar da seedlings tare da takin mai magani don furanni na gida (2 teaspoons da lita 5 na ruwa).
Shuka a cikin bude ƙasa
Barkono suna girma sosai a lokacin zafi
Girma barkono a cikin bude ƙasa a cikin yanayi mai dumi yana ba da sakamako mai kyau. A cikin latitudes na kudanci, ana iya ƙirƙirar yanayin da ake buƙata ba tare da tsari ba.
Site da shiri na ƙasa
Mafi kyawun wuri don barkono yana haskakawa da rana, gado mai kariya daga iska. Idan rukunin yanar gizon ba shi da kariyar dabi’a (ginayen da ke kusa da su, bushes masu yawa), ana yin tsarin fashewar iska da gangan.
Lokacin zabar rukunin yanar gizon, ana la’akari da cewa mafi kyawun abubuwan da suka faru na amfanin gona sune kabeji, legumes, shuke-shuken kabewa, amfanin gona mai tushe. Ba a ba da shawarar dasa shuki a cikin gadaje inda aka shuka barkono ko sauran inuwar dare a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.
Ƙasar dole ne ta zama m, sako-sako. Ana shirya shi bayan girbi na shekarar da ta gabata. Tabbatar cire tarkace daga shuka kuma lokacin tono don murabba’in 1. m alama:
- ruɓaɓɓen taki ko humus (5-10 kg);
- itace ash (50-80 g);
- superfosfato (30-50 g).
Ba za a iya amfani da sabon taki ba. An wuce haddi na nitrogen na taimaka wa wani wuce kima jari na kore taro, fragility na shuke-shuke.
Tare da noman bazara, za ku iya sake cika ajiyar phosphorus, potassium (30-40 g da 1 sq M) da nitrogen (20-30 g da 1 sq M).
Seedling dashi
Kwanaki 7-10 kafin dasa shuki da aka tsara, seedlings sun fara taurare. Don yin wannan, suna ɗaukar shi zuwa titi (wuri ba tare da zane ba). Da farko fita na awa daya, lokaci yana ƙaruwa a hankali. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen haɓaka rigakafi na tsire-tsire zuwa cututtuka daban-daban, yana ba da saurin daidaitawa a cikin sabon wuri.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na ƙasa don dasa barkono shine 18 ° C ko fiye. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana cikin tsakiyar watan Mayu (dangane da yanayin ƙasa da yanayin, yanayin da ake buƙata na iya haɓaka kaɗan a baya ko daga baya). A wannan gaba, ganye 8-12 (kwanaki 60-65) yakamata su kasance akan daji. A jajibirin dasawa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sosai.
Bushes suna reshe da kyau, suna buƙatar isasshen sarari don haɓaka kyauta. Nisa a cikin jere ya kamata ya zama 30-45 cm, tsakanin layuka – 50-60 cm. Kuna iya dasa tsire-tsire masu siffar murabba’i: 60 x 60 cm – 2 shuke-shuke a kowane rami, 70 x 70 cm – 3.
Tushen tsiron yana cikin saman saman ƙasa, kuma lokacin da ‘ya’yan itacen suka yi girma, daji bazai iya jure nauyi ba kuma ya faɗi, don haka, lokacin dasawa kusa da shuka, manne karu fiye da rabin mita Tsayi.
Cuidado
Yi hankali tsire-tsire don cututtuka
Don shuka amfanin gona mai kyau na barkono a cikin buɗe ƙasa, kuna buƙatar samar da amfanin gona tare da fasahar aikin gona da ta dace.
Watse
amfanin gona yana da son danshi sosai. Ana nuna rashin danshi ta hanyar zubar da ganyen. Wannan alama ce ta yawan shayarwa nan da nan. Adadin ruwan dole ne ya zama kamar yadda ya shiga aƙalla zurfin 15 cm.
Ya kamata a yi shayarwa ta farko kwanaki 5 bayan dasawa. Hakanan, dangane da yanayin ƙasa. Ruwa bai kamata ya yi sanyi ba, in ba haka ba barkono zai daina girma. Yin amfani da ruwa mai ƙarfi yana haifar da sakamako mai kyau (ta amfani da bututun ƙarfe na musamman don tiyo ko maganadisu na yau da kullun a cikin kwandon ruwa). Dokokin ban ruwa na gargajiya ne don amfanin gona na inuwa: ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe, ba tare da fadowa a kan ganye ba, da rana ko safiya.
Abincin
A lokacin girma, ana ciyar da barkono sau 2-3. An ba da fifiko ga takin mai magani na phosphorus da potassium, ana amfani da nitrogen sau da yawa. Tufafin saman na iya zama tushen da ƙarin tushe. Tushen da ƙarin tushen suna ba da shawarar musanya. Ana samun sakamako mai kyau ta hanyar amfani da tushen kaza a ƙarƙashin tushen.
Ciyarwar foliar
Lokacin da aka fesa abinci mai gina jiki akan ganye, shayar da su yana da sauri da sauri Me za a iya yin suturar foliar:
- tare da jinkirin girma – tare da urea (2 teaspoons da lita 5 na ruwa),
- lokacin jefa furanni – tare da boric acid (1 g da 1 l na ruwan zafi, sanyi kafin amfani),
- tare da rashin ƙarfi cika ‘ya’yan itace – superphosphate (2% bayani).
Masu lambu kuma suna amfani da samfuran halitta. Ciyawa da aka yanka, ana zuba ciyawa da ruwa kuma a dage har tsawon mako guda, ana motsawa lokaci-lokaci, sannan a tace kuma a diluted da ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10.
Irin wannan suturar saman ya kamata a yi daidai da daddare ko a cikin gajimare da kwanciyar hankali, don haka danshi daga abubuwan gina jiki ya bushe da kyau a hankali kuma ya fi dacewa. , wanda ke sha da kyau sosai.
Za a iya haɗa suturar saman foliar tare da maganin cututtuka ko kwari. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku bi tsarin sashi (yawanci ya fi yadda ake amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin tushen), kamar yadda manyan sassa na iya ƙonewa.
Rashin amfanin tushen sutura
- ƙananan zafin jiki na ƙasa ba ya ƙyale tushen su daidaita abubuwan da suka dace da kyau),
- ƙasa mai acidified da ƙasa mai yawa (nitrogen da sauran abubuwa ba su da kyau sosai),
- buƙatar ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki a lokacin dashen seedling, saurin girma da yawan furanni.
Sauran shawarwari
Kula da barkono a cikin bude ƙasa yana buƙatar bin wasu mahimman dokoki:
- don kare gonakin ku daga bambance-bambancen zafin jiki a farkon lokacin rani, zaku iya rufe barkono tare da fim ɗin da aka shimfiɗa a kan bangon waya mai tsayi na mita ɗaya, a farkon dasa shuki yana da daraja ɗaukar tsari tare da fim ɗin fim biyu,
- Bukatar noma a cikin ƙasa mai iska yana sa ya zama dole don kwance gadaje lokaci-lokaci, madadin shine a rufe da bambaro, sawdust ko shuka shrubs a cikin wani tsagi na fim ɗin baƙar fata wanda aka shimfiɗa akan gado,
- don tayar da samuwar ovaries a lokacin zafi mai zafi, daji yana girgiza dan kadan don pollination na kansa (ba a so a canja wurin pollen da hannu daga fure zuwa fure, saboda yana iya lalata lalata kuma ovary ba ya samuwa).
- masu lambu suna yin aikin tsinke tsakiyar tushe da tsuke ciyayi don tabbatar da ci gaban ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu inganci (barin harbe-harbe 4-5).
barkono mai dadi a ciki ya zame daga kaifi. Sakamakon pollination, halayen kowane nau’in suna canzawa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Cututtuka
A matsayinka na mai mulki, barkono ba shi da lafiya fiye da sauran nightshades, alal misali, tumatir. Daga cikin cututtuka, rot, wilting da bacteriosis an fi samun su. Wadannan cututtuka sun fi sauƙi don hanawa ta hanyar lura da jujjuyawar amfanin gona, lalata tarkacen shuka a cikin kaka da etching ƙasa kafin dasa shuki a cikin sabon kakar.
Karin kwari
Babban kwari na amfanin gona sune fararen kwari, masu kama kura, aphids da thrips.
Bugu da ƙari, maganin kwari, ana amfani da magungunan jama’a don magance: maganin ruwa na ash na itace (gilashin a cikin guga na ruwa), yankakken albasa ko tafarnuwa (200-250 g da guga). Kuna dage da haɗuwa don akalla kwana ɗaya, don mafi kyawun mannewa, ƙara sabulu. Lokacin girma barkono mai dadi a cikin ƙasa mai tsari, yana da kyau a yi amfani da magungunan ilimin halitta.
ƙarshe
Haɓaka barkono mai daɗi a cikin buɗe ƙasa yana buƙatar bin ka’idodin aikin gona. Don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar ruwa, ciyarwa, shuka bushes a kan lokaci da tattara ‘ya’yan itatuwa, samar da su da kulawa mai kyau.
