Dokokin noman barkono –

Noman barkono kasuwanci ne mai wahala. Duk da haka, ta yin amfani da ƙananan asirin, yana da gaske don shuka barkono masu dadi a cikin bude ƙasa da a cikin greenhouse. Yi la’akari da ƙa’idodin fasaha na aikin gona da tukwici masu girma.

Dokokin girma barkono barkono

Janar shawarwari

Barkono kayan lambu ne malalaci. Wadanda suke so su girma barkono barkono ya kamata su bi fasahar noma:

• Kayan lambu yana kula da tsarin zafin jiki na iska da ƙasa. Ana dasa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da barkono mai zaki kawai a zazzabi na aƙalla 14 ° C, zaɓi wurin da aka kare daga iska.
• Watering barkono na bukatar yalwa, amma m. Ƙasar da aka shuka kayan lambu a cikinta bai kamata ya bushe ba ko kuma ya yi yawa: wannan yana rinjayar ingancin furen kuma yana haifar da faɗuwar furanni da foliage.
• Rashin isasshen haske yana rinjayar girma da furen shuka, wanda daga baya ya shafi yawan amfanin gona.
• Mulch, wanda ake amfani da samfuran kwayoyin halitta akai-akai da kariya tare da kayan rufewa, yana ba da damar haɓaka yawan amfanin gona. Kar a manta da buga bushes.
• Ba a ba da shawarar shuka barkono a cikin gado ɗaya don yanayi 3 a jere ba. Yin riko da jujjuyawar amfanin gona, ba za ku iya amfani da kwayoyi akan cututtukan shuka da kwari ba. Daidai dasa barkono ne quite barga.
• Idan furanni ba su da isasshen pollinated, musamman lokacin da ake girma barkono a baranda, taga ko greenhouse, kayan lambu masu lankwasa da siffar da ba ta dace ba suna bayyana. Ana iya guje wa wannan ta hanyar girgiza tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci a cikin matakin fure. Har ila yau, kada ku dasa iri daban-daban a kusa, kuna buƙatar raba mai zaki da mai ɗaci, don kada tsire-tsire su lalata juna.

Ba tare da yin kuskure ba a cikin noma, yana da sauƙi don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na salatin ganye.

Zaɓin iri-iri

Noman barkono da ya dace ya ƙunshi zabar iri-iri.

Tsaba

A yau akwai nau’o’in nau’i da f1 hybrids. Bambancin su yana cikin gaskiyar cewa ba shi da ma’ana don tattara tsaba na kayan lambu na matasan, tun da ba su watsar da halaye na nau’in iyaye a lokacin haifuwa. Dole ne a sayi tsaba na matasan kowace shekara, amma suna nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa tare da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa, sun fi tsayayya da cututtuka, suna nunawa da kyau lokacin girma hydroponically.

Ba kamar hybrids ba, nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) girma ba kawai don samun kayan lambu don amfani da abinci ba,har ma don ƙarin tarin tsaba da aka yi amfani da su azaman iri a cikin sabuwar shekara ta aikin lambu.

Kwanakin girma

Lambu noma barkono, yayin da dasa shuki iri da daban-daban balaga sabõda haka, duka sintered ci gaba da girbi, tun da namo kayan lambu ba ya bambanta a cikin mai kyau ingancin fasaha goyon baya.

A cikin wurare masu dumi, ana shuka seedlings ko amfani da kusan dukkanin nau’ikan iri ba tare da seedlings ba. tare da barkono ja a cikin yankunan arewa a cikin bude ƙasa a cikin gidan rani ba zai yiwu ba. Don irin waɗannan wurare, ana bada shawara don zaɓar barkono masu tasowa da wuri don dasa shuki, waɗanda suka cika cikakke a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ana dasa su a cikin greenhouse. A cikin yankunan arewa, yana da kyau a shuka barkono barkono don kayan lambu su sami lokacin yin girma kafin sanyi na farko.

Lokacin zabar barkono iri-iri don noma, zaku iya mai da hankali kan tebur na kwanakin ripening:

Tsarin ƙasa da iri

Daidaitaccen ƙasa da aka shirya da tsaba masu inganci sun dogara da nasarar girbi na gaba.

Suelo gr unth

Don noman barkono, ana bada shawara don shirya ƙasa mai laushi. Matsayin acidity bai kamata ya zama babba ba (a cikin kewayon maki 6.2 zuwa 7.0 pH), duk da haka, amfanin gona na kayan lambu kuma na iya girma a cikin ƙasa alkaline, saboda haka babban iyaka na matakin acidity na iya zama ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.

Kawo matakin acidity zuwa matakin da ake buƙata yana ba da damar ƙari:

• tare da wuce haddi acid a cikin ƙasa ƙara ash ƙura ko haɗa farar ƙasa da shi,
• tare da wuce haddi alkali a cikin ƙasa Mix da allura ko Mix peat.

Ana bincika ƙasa don dunƙulewa da duwatsu, tare da kawar da girman girman da ke haifar da zafi.

A cikin tsire-tsire suna amfani da ƙasa mai laushi mai laushi, wanda aka diluted a daidai sassan yashi kogin.Ta hanyar haɗuwa da ɗan ƙaramin vermiculite, zaka iya samar da danshi mai mahimmanci da ƙasa maras kyau don shuka a cikin gidan rani ko a gida.

Tsaba

Idan kun jiƙa tsaba kafin shuka a cikin ruwa na tsawon sa’o’i 2-8, har sai sun nutse zuwa ƙasa, zaku iya hanzarta aiwatar da germination, tausasa shafi. Bugu da ƙari, don lalata tsaba, an jiƙa su a cikin shayi na chamomile mai ƙarancin ƙarfi ko bayani tare da hydrogen peroxide a cikin adadin 2 teaspoons. a cikin gilashin ruwa.

Seedling namo

Cika tankuna tare da tsire-tsire tare da ƙasa da aka shirya. Kamar yadda irin wannan akwati, ƙananan kayan nunin filastik filastik sun dace, a cikin ƙasa wanda ya zama dole don yin ramuka. Ana zubar da magudanar ruwa zuwa kasan tanki – duwatsu ko ƙananan duwatsu, sannan kawai ƙasa ta haɗu.

Shuka

Ana shuka tsaba a nesa na 1.5 zuwa 2 cm a cikin yanke baya. zube da ruwan dumi. Yayyafa tsaba da aka shuka tare da cakuda ƙasa ɗaya, daga sama ana fesa ƙasa sosai da ruwa daga bindigar fesa. An rufe akwati tare da tsaba da aka dasa da fim.

Yanayin zafin jiki na seedling shine 24 ° C zuwa 26 ° C.

Don hanzarta aiwatar da haɓakar iri, zaku iya sanya akwati tare da shuka a ƙarƙashin fitilar haske tare da ikon 40-80 watts. Ana buƙatar ƙarin haske lokacin da babu isasshen hasken rana a cikin rufaffiyar ɗaki. Ana sanya fitilar a nesa na 8-10 cm daga saman cakuda ƙasa.

Wuya

Tare da farkon bayyanar cututtuka bayan kwanaki 5-6, ana sanya tsire-tsire a cikin wani wuri mai sanyaya, rage darajar yanayin zuwa 14-16 ° C. Da farko, ana yin wannan na tsawon sa’o’i da yawa a rana, a hankali ƙara yawan adadin. lokacin ciyarwa. Wannan yana ba ku damar ƙarfafa tushen tsarin shuka kuma ku taurara ƙananan harbe. Bayan mako guda na hardening, yawan zafin jiki ya fara karuwa a hankali zuwa matakin 23-25 ​​° C.

Dasawa da seedlings kuma bar

Ganyayyaki 2 da aka shuka a kan ƙananan ciyayi alama ce ta samun tsiron barkono don dasawa zuwa wurin girma na dindindin.

Idan kuna shirin ci gaba da girma barkono a gida, kowane daji za a iya dasa shi a cikin akwati daban. Mafi sau da yawa, ƙananan barkonon daji ana shuka su a gida a cikin tukwane, kwandunan rataye, kwalabe na filastik ko guga. Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe, manne da nisa na 25-40 cm tsakanin bushes.

Watse

Kulawa na asali don barkono, Bulgarian zaki ko ja ja mai ɗaci yana buƙatar shayarwa na yau da kullun, na farko da zarar an aiwatar da shi nan da nan bayan dasawa da seedlings zuwa wurin dindindin. Ana aiwatar da hanyar shayarwa ta biyu bayan kwanaki 4-5.

Tsarin ban ruwa na yau da kullun a cikin ƙasa buɗe shima ya dogara da yanayin yanayin. A ranakun zafi, bushewa, ana buƙatar shayar da barkono sau ɗaya kowane kwana 7. Ana kiyaye wannan mita har zuwa samuwar ovaries, bushes sun daina shayarwa a cikin matakin ‘ya’yan itace mai aiki.

Ma’adinai abinci mai gina jiki

Idan a matakin girma na barkono seedlings ba a buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki, ana amfani da taki aƙalla sau 3 zuwa shuka da aka dasa. Ana gudanar da koto na farko makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki zuwa wurin girma na dindindin. Na biyu, ana amfani da taki a matakin samar da ‘ya’yan itace. Koto na uku yana faruwa bayan makonni 2-3 bayan na biyu.

Barkono amsa da kyau ga foliar abinci mai gina jiki a cikin foliar form.

Noma a yanayi daban-daban

Yana yiwuwa a girma a cikin greenhouse da kuma a cikin bude ƙasa

Dangane da inda kuke son shuka kayan lambu, dole ne ku bi ka’idodin noma.

Yanayin gida

Don girma mai kyau mai dadi ko barkono mai zafi, zaka iya yin haka: shuka tsaba a cikin kananan kwantena, rufe saman su ko gilashin fim. Bayan kwanaki 5-7, lokacin da harbe na farko suka bayyana, ana tsoma seedlings a cikin tukwane daban. Ƙarin kulawa ya zo kan lokacin shayarwa da abinci mai gina jiki na ma’adinai.

Don namo nau’in barkono mai zafi da kayan ado, ana daidaita sill taga sau da yawa. Kuna iya girbi duk shekara.

Ana amfani da fuska tare da shimfidar haske don ƙirƙirar isasshen haske lokacin girma barkono a gida. Ana ajiye su daga gefen ɗakin. A cikin hunturu mai duhu, phytolamps suna taimakawa wajen samar da haske. Lokacin da ba zai yiwu a ƙirƙiri ƙarin hasken wucin gadi ba, ana ba da shawarar shuka tsaba a baya fiye da kwanakin ƙarshe na Fabrairu zuwa farkon Maris, lokacin da hasken rana ya ƙaru.

Yanayin greenhouse

Bulgariya mai dadi namo da barkono mai zafi a cikin greenhouse shine zaɓi mafi karɓa. Siffofin irin wannan kayan lambu da kuma kula da shi:

• mai kyau watering, za’ayi da safe da ruwa mai tsanani zuwa 18-20 ° C;
• iska na yau da kullun na greenhouse,
• kiyaye zafin jiki na ƙasa a matakin 18-22 ° C, iska – aƙalla 25 ° C;
• ƙarin haske,
• gabatarwar hadaddun da ke dauke da nitrogen a cikin matakin girma mai aiki, hadi tare da superphosphate a cikin budding matakin da miya tare da mahadi masu ma’adinai yayin samuwar ovaries da bayyanar ‘ya’yan itace.

A cikin bude filin

Kuna iya shuka barkono a lambun idan kun kare shukar ku daga matsanancin yanayin zafi ta amfani da kayan fim ɗin murfin baƙar fata. Ana shuka tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, dangane da yankin, amma a kowane hali, lokacin da duk sanyi ya ƙare.

Mafi girma, mafi girma, kuma mafi kyawun kayan lambu suna girma a wuri mai faɗi.

Ma’aikatan lambu suna amfani da ‘yan dabaru don kare shuka a cikin ƙasa mara kariya: suna dasa damp mai siffar masara a gefen arewa, dogayen furanni, da sauran tsire-tsire waɗanda suka wuce girman kurjin barkono.