Dasa barkono da ya dace a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa shine mabuɗin don yawan aiki. Girma da ci gaban shuka, da kuma ingancin amfanin gona, ya dogara da wannan.
Yadda ake dasa barkono a bude ƙasa
Halayen lokacin dasa shuki
Lokacin dasa shuki n Buɗe gonakin ciyawa la’akari da halaye masu zuwa:
- zaki ko tsami barkono girma zafin jiki,
- matakin zafi da ake so,
- Hanyar noma: gabaɗaya wannan amfanin gona na kayan lambu Duk da haka, ga wasu nau’ikan kararrawa mai zaki da barkono mai ɗaci, waɗannan hanyoyin suna haɓaka yawan aiki,
- haskaka wurin da aka shirya shuka,
- Yanayin ƙasa: nau’ikan zaki da tsami ba sa girma ba tare da tsinkewa da tsinkewa a cikin ƙasa acidic ba
Mafi dacewa iri don dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa sune Gladiator, Ermak, Victoria, Acute Chile, Vietnamese, bouquet na Ukrainian da sauransu.
Kwanakin shuka sun dogara kai tsaye akan yanayin. A cikin wurare masu dumi, ana shuka shuka a watan Mayu kuma a cikin yankuna masu sanyi a watan Yuni.
Zaɓi wuri
A cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, barkono ba ya girma sosai a cikin gadaje kusa da ƙasa na ruwa. Ya kamata a yi la’akari da wannan lokacin zabar wurin da za a shuka. Ana magance matsalar faruwar kwararar ƙasa ta hanyar gina gado mai tsayi da dumi.
Dole ne a kiyaye filin shuka kayan lambu daga igiyoyin iska. Don wannan dalili, mazaunan bazara a kusa da wurin da suke dasa bushes na Bulgarian zaki da barkono mai zafi sau da yawa suna yin bangare ko katako na shuke-shuke. Yana da kyau ga wannan dasa masara a cikin layuka 1-2 a nesa na 0.7-1.0 m daga gadaje barkono, wanda aka shuka 2-3 makonni kafin dasa shuki barkono barkono.
Yawancin lokaci
Lokacin dasa shuki barkono barkono, ƙasa a cikin yanayin buɗe ya kamata ya zama m da ɗanɗano.
Matakan inganta ƙasa:
- Ƙara ruɓaɓɓen sawdust (10 l da 1 sq M. Na yankin dasa), taki (a cikin wannan girma), peat (20 l da 1 square mita na gadaje).
- Ƙara babban yashi kogi da ruɓaɓɓen ɓawon burodi (guga 1).
- Don ƙasa peat, ana ƙara turf ko humus, 10 l na n da 1 sq. m.
- Suna ƙara peat ko yumbu: 20 l na humus tare da 10 l na shavings na itace.
Da takin mai magani
Kafin dasa shuki, ƙasa don barkono barkono ana haɗe: ta 1 km2. m saukowa wakiltar 1 tbsp. tashi ash da superphosphate, 1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate da 1 tsp. carbamide Lokacin da aka ƙara duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na abinci mai gina jiki, ana tono ƙasa kuma ana yin gadaje zuwa tsayin kusan cm 30. Ana shayar da matakin ƙasa da ruwan zafi (0,5 l a kowace guga) ko sodium humate (1 tablespoon da 10 l na ruwa).
Yawan amfani da maganin taki shine game da lita 4 a kowace murabba’in 1. m.
Matakan shiryawa
Kula da zurfin dasa
Don girma seedlings matasa masu ƙarfi don shuka na gaba a cikin ƙasa buɗe, kuna buƙatar takin tare da ma’adanai akai-akai kuma ku shayar da su yadda yakamata.
Abincin
Pepper yana son kwayoyin halitta, wanda aka ba da shawarar a shafa a cikin ƙasa a tsaka-tsakin kowane kwanaki 10. Hakanan, bayan tsoma, tsire-tsire suna amsawa da kyau don fesa foliar. Kemira Combi ta mamaye wuri na musamman tsakanin magungunan da suka dace. Wannan taki yana da ma’adanai masu amfani da yawa. Diluted da ruwa, ana fesa maganin a kan foliage, yin irin waɗannan abubuwan da safe kafin rana ta fara dumi.
Abubuwan rawaya masu launin rawaya waɗanda ke bayyana akan foliage suna nuna rashin abin da ke ɗauke da nitrogen.
Watse
Shayarwa na yau da kullum yana da mahimmanci don ci gaba da ci gaban shuka tare da taki mai dacewa. Wajibi ne a shayar da ƙananan tsire-tsire don kada a yi amfani da ƙasa sosai kuma kada ya bushe. Ruwan da ba kasafai ake ɗaukarsa ba yana haifar da ruɓewar ganye da bushewar gabaɗaya, kuma yawan shayarwa yana haifar da lalacewar tsarin cutar kyanda.
Wuya
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, tsawon makonni 2 kafin ranar saukowa, yana da dumi. Fara da matsar da seedlings a zafin jiki na kusan 15 ° C, a hankali rage darajar zuwa 11 ° C.
Fasahar shuka
Bayan sun kai kwanaki 50-60 lokacin da ganye 7-9 suka haɓaka, idan an kafa internodes masu ƙarfi, tsire-tsire suna shirye don dasa.
Ana la’akari da rana mafi dacewa lokacin dasa barkono. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen gado, ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu tauri a hankali: to ba za su yi kasala ba kuma ba za su yi kasa a gwiwa ba.
Don hana tsire-tsire matasa daga karye, ana iya ɗaure turaku waɗanda aka ɗaure su daga baya.
Ana zuba 200-300 g na vermicompost a kowace rijiya, cokali na ash foda da cokali na murkushe kwai ana zuba a cikin 1-2 lita na wani rauni mai rauni na potassium permanganate.
Ana shuka barkono matasa a cikin ƙasa mai tsayi daidai da tsayin tsire-tsire tare da shafan ƙasa mai karɓuwa fiye da 2 cm. Ana shuka irin barkono mai tsayi a tsakiyar ƙasa, kuma ana dasa waɗanda ba su da tushe a gefen gadaje.
Tsarin shuka
Tsarin dasa shuki na iya zama cikin layuka kowane 0.65 m tare da nisa tsakanin bushes na 0.4 m kowanne. Hakanan zaka iya dasa barkono mai zaki mai siffar murabba’i bisa ga makircin 60 cm x 60 cm ko 70 cm x 70 cm. Wasu mazauna lokacin rani sun fi son dasa shuki matasa 2-3 a cikin rami, amma dasa shuki yana haifar da raguwar amfanin gona.
Kuna iya rage yawan ban ruwa da kuma buƙatar ciyawa ta hanyar amfani da fasahar da ke girma akan fim din baƙar fata. Wannan hanyar ta ƙunshi dasa barkono a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa a cikin ramukan da aka yi a cikin fim ɗin, waɗanda a baya an rufe su da gado na peat ɗin da aka haɗe, ɗanɗano kuma an rufe shi da ciyawa. A cikin wannan shuka, ana amfani da makircin 45 cm x 50 cm.
Bayan dasa shuki matasa, tsire-tsire suna da tushe a hankali, saboda haka yana da mahimmanci a wannan mataki don taimakawa tsire-tsire su dace da sababbin yanayin da ba na gida ba da kuma inganta yanayin iska ta hanyar sassauta ƙasa a kusa da daji.
Idan an aiwatar da fasahar noma daidai, to Bulgarian zaki ko barkono mai zafi za su faranta wa masu mallakar dandano da yawan aiki.
