Domin noman barkono a fili ya samar da yawan amfanin gona, kuma ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna samun lokacin da za su yi girma cikin kankanin lokaci kuma ba lokacin zafi ba ne, masu shayarwa sun kawo irin barkonon don bude filin. Suna da halaye waɗanda ke ba ku damar shuka kayan lambu a duk yanayin yanayi.
Mafi kyawun irin barkono don buɗe ƙasa
Yadda za a zaɓi iri-iri don buɗe ƙasa
Lokacin zabar iri-iri, kula da halaye masu yawa:
- lokacin maturation,
- tsari da tsayin daji,
- juriya ga fari, saukad da saukad da yanayin zafi,
- juriya cututtuka.
Lokacin girma
Don noma a cikin yankuna na arewa tare da yanayi mai ƙarfi na nahiyar (Ural, Siberiya) yana da kyau a zaɓi nau’ikan farkon-farko da farkon balaga, waɗanda ke girma a cikin kwanaki 95-120. Don yankunan da ke da yanayi mai zafi (yankin Moscow, yankuna na tsakiya), ban da farkon-ripening iri-iri, matsakaici-ripening iri wanda ya girma a cikin kwanaki 125-140 sun dace.
Tsarin da tsayin daji
Mafi dacewa don girma a cikin gadaje masu buɗewa na nau’ikan nau’ikan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsirrai tare da shrubs har zuwa 80 cm, haɓaka mai tushe sosai, da tsarin tushen ƙarfi. A cikin lokutan mummunan yanayi, iska da ruwan sama mai yawa, ƙananan nau’in iri ba su da sauƙi ga lalacewar injiniya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan shrubs suna cinye ƙarancin makamashi don samar da taro mai yawa, kuma ana amfani da makamashi don kafa da samar da ‘ya’yan itace.
Dogayen iri suna buƙatar ƙarin kulawa: garters don tallafi, horarwa da pinching.
Juriya ga mummunan yanayi da cututtuka
A cikin bude ƙasa, tsire-tsire sun fi dacewa da tasirin yanayi: ruwan sama mai sanyi, canjin yanayin zafi. Suna da mummunar tasiri akan tsarin abinci mai gina jiki, girma da ripening.
Juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban kuma yana da matukar mahimmanci: wannan yana ƙaruwa da damar girma tsire-tsire masu lafiya ba tare da yin amfani da hanyoyin kariya ba.
Unpretentious a cikin kulawa da nau’ikan masu jure cututtuka, da kuma hybrids na zamani waɗanda aka haɓaka musamman don buɗe ƙasa, sun dace da noma.
Ajin cikowa na farko
Na farko balagagge iri suna halin high yawan amfanin ƙasa
Farkon balagagge nau’ikan za su girma a cikin kwanaki 95-120. Suna gudanar da girma a cikin yanayin ɗan gajeren lokacin rani mai sanyi kafin babban rashin nasara a ƙarshen cutar.
Tushen barkono da aka yi niyya don noma a buɗe gadaje dole ne a dasa su don seedlings. Mafi kyawun lokacin shuka tsaba shine daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa farkon Afrilu.
Daga cikin na farko,
- Asti Yellow,
- Hercules,
- Red Toreodor,
- Yellow Toreodor,
- Belozerka.
Suna da sauƙi don kulawa da rashin daidaituwa ga wurin girma, suna da girma da kuma barga Yawan aiki.
Asti Yellow
Aist Yellow barkono ne mai girma mai samar da lemu daga farkon lokacin zaɓin zaɓi na Italiyanci. Bushes suna da ƙarfi, har zuwa 55 cm, tare da tushe mai ƙarfi na tsakiya da matsakaicin reshe. Ana girbe ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma na farko kwanaki 80-90 bayan dasa shuki.
Barkono suna girma da girma, suna yin la’akari da 210-300 g, tare da bangon 0.7-1 cm m. Siffar sa sassa hudu ne, cubic. Girbi yana farawa a matakin fasaha na fasaha lokacin da barkono ya riga ya sami taro kuma ya juya kore ko rawaya mai haske.
Yellow Asti yana da ɗanɗano mai daɗi da nama mai ɗanɗano.
A iri-iri ne resistant zuwa inuwa cututtuka. , Sauƙaƙe ya dace da fari na ɗan gajeren lokaci da raguwar zafin jiki.
Hercules
Farkon girma iri-iri na manyan ‘ya’yan itace suna girma na kwanaki 75-85 bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Tsire-tsire ba su da yawa: har zuwa 0.6 m. Tushen tsarin yana haɓaka sosai. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da girma, suna auna har zuwa 300 g. Ganuwar suna da nama, har zuwa mm 10. Siffar ita ce cubic, tare da ɗakunan fili 4. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna yin ja idan sun cika cikakke.
Lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi, iri-iri ba ya cire furanni da ovary. Daga cikin gazawar, buƙatar ƙulla bushes zuwa tallafi ya fito fili.
Ja da rawaya bijimin
Farkon barkono, ripening yana farawa a kwanaki 95-105. Shrubs kasa da 35-55 cm a girman tare da karfi a gefe mai tushe. 14-17 barkono mai girma mai girma mai nauyin 120-150 g an ɗaure a cikin daji, ganuwar suna da yawa, na matsakaicin kauri (0.6-0.7 cm).
Dangane da bayanin, Toreodor yana da siffa mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar zuwa siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar . ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da kyau kiyaye su, kada ku rasa elasticity, da wuya sha wahala daga rot da marigayi blight.
Belozerka
Belozerka sanannen iri-iri ne na barkono mai daɗi da wuri (kwanaki 90-100), ba shekara ɗaya ba ana shuka su duka akan filayen gida da kan gonaki don dalilai na masana’antu. Ba pretentious ga girma wuri, resistant zuwa pathogens da kwari.
Tsire-tsire masu tsayi, tsayin 0.6 m. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da siffar mazugi kuma suna auna tsakanin 60 zuwa 90 g. Kimanin kilogiram 4 na ‘ya’yan itace masu launin rawaya masu launin rawaya ana girbe daga daji. Furen yana girma, 5-7 mm. Belozerka iri-iri ne na amfani da duniya, ana amfani da ‘ya’yan itatuwa da yawa don sarrafa masana’antu da daskarewa.
Tsakar kakar wasa
Kyakkyawan kula da shuka yana ba da girbi mai yawa
Waɗannan su ne barkono mai kararrawa waɗanda suke girma a cikin kwanaki 120-140. Idan kun shuka tsaba na seedling a ranar Maris 5-10, barkono na tsakiyar kakar suna girma ne kawai bayan ‘yan kwanaki fiye da barkono masu girma. ‘Ya’yan itãcen tsakiyar kakar suna bambanta da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa tare da bango mai kauri.
Kyautar Moldova
Kyautar Moldova ita ce mafi mashahuri kuma sanannen iri-iri da aka girma a yankuna da yawa. Dangane da bayanin, shrubs na nau’in shtambovy, 45-65 cm tsayi, tare da mai tushe mai ƙarfi. 8-12 ‘ya’yan itace suna ɗaure akan shuka ɗaya. Yawan aiki na yau da kullun ne kuma barga, yana ba ku damar tattara matsakaicin kilogiram 5 a kowace murabba’in kilomita 1. m.
Ana fentin ‘ya’yan itacen da suka dace da ja mai haske tare da haske mai haske. Yawan ‘ya’yan itace shine 150-200 g, siffar yana da siffar conical, a hankali yana raguwa zuwa ƙarshen. Ana amfani da kyautar Moldavia a cikin ɗanyen sigar sa, da kuma shirya lecho, adjika, da sauran jita-jita.
Irin nau’in ba shi da haɗari ga shan kashi ta hanyar Fusarium, yana jure wa abubuwa mara kyau yayin yanayin yanayin yanayi.
Veronica
Veronica iri-iri ne mai girma, mai albarka. A kan wani daji mai ƙarfi na matsakaici (60-70 cm), ‘ya’yan itatuwa 12-15 suna yin la’akari 300-400 g.
Ripening yana faruwa a cikin kwanaki 130-145 daga bayyanar seedlings. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne m, lokacin farin ciki-bango, tare da uniform kintsattse da dadi nama, suna da arziki launi ceri. An ƙera su duka don cinyewa da sarrafa sabbin samfura.
Daga cikin fa’idodi sune:
- high yawan aiki,
- jure damuwa,
- mai kyau ɗaukar hoto,
- saukin kulawa,
- rashin bukatar gasar.
Veronica tana tsiro da kyau kuma tana ba da ‘ya’ya koda tare da shuka mai kauri. 1 sq. m shuka har zuwa 7 shrubs.
California Miracle
Wannan sanannen iri-iri bai rasa matsayinsa na jagora ba shekaru da yawa, kuma yawancin lambu suna son California Miracle zuwa hybrids na zamani.Kamar yadda mai sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin fasahar noma, iri-iri suna girma daidai a cikin ƙasa maras kariya a tsakiyar yankin, yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa. , barga fruiting ko da a karkashin m yanayi.
Daji mai karfi, tare da tsayin 50 cm, baya buƙatar garter ko da lokacin da ya kai tsayin mita 1. A kan daji, daga ‘ya’yan itatuwa 10 an kafa su a cikin siffar cube tare da ɗakunan 4. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne uniform, na matsakaicin girman, tare da nauyin 100-150 g. Launin ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma ya dogara da iri-iri kuma ya bambanta daga rawaya mai haske zuwa ja mai zurfi. Harsashi yana da kyakkyawan wuri mai santsi tare da sheki mai sheki. Tsarin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da kamanni, kintsattse. Mu’ujiza ta California tana da halaye iri ɗaya ga hybrids.
Mafi kyawun hybrids don buɗe ƙasa
Hybrids za su faranta rai da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa
Yawancin hybrids na kiwo na zamani an daidaita su don girma a cikin fili da kuma cikin greenhouses.
Daga cikin shahararrun nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan sun bambanta:
- Gemini F1,
- Claudio F1,
- Samander F1.
Waɗannan su ne balagagge, iri-iri masu girma, ‘ya’yan itatuwan da suke da girma kuma suna da dandano mai kyau. . Abinda kawai ke haifar da hybrids shine buƙatar siyan tsaba a kowace shekara, saboda ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a sami al’adun mahaifa iri ɗaya ba daga tsaba da aka samu daga ‘ya’yan itacen da aka noma.
Gemini F1
An tsara matasan Bayer Nunhems Gemini F1 mai girma da wuri don buɗe ƙasa. Yana da ƙananan bushes a tsaye har zuwa tsayin mita 0.6, ganyaye sosai, waɗanda ke kare amfanin gona daga kunar rana. Har zuwa 10 barkono mai launin rawaya masu haske suna samuwa akan kara, suna yin la’akari 350-400 g. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari, elongated, nau’i mai siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar siffar .
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma kwanaki 70-75 daga lokacin dasa shuki matasa bushes a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Lokacin adanawa, idan ana lura da tsarin zafin jiki (2-5 ° C), nau’in ba ya rasa halaye na kusan kwanaki 30.
Shrubs ne barga zuwa fari, zafi, kazalika da kaifi gajeren lokaci digo a zazzabi.
Claudio F1
An yi nufin nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda aka yi amfani da shi don nomawa a fili da kuma a cikin gadaje da kuma greenhouses,wanda ya shahara da yawan amfanin ƙasa kuma yana daya daga cikin barkono mai kauri. A kan bushes an ɗaure ‘ya’yan itatuwa 10-12. Suna fara girma a cikin kwanaki 75-80 daga lokacin da aka dasa seedlings.
‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna da elongated, siffar cuboid mai ɗaki huɗu, launin ja mai haske. Matsakaicin nauyinsa shine 200 g, kauri bango – har zuwa 15 mm. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari suna girma a tsawon kusan 14 cm.
Iri-iri yana da juriya ga yawan cututtuka:
- zuwa mosaic,
- zuwa kwayar cutar dankalin turawa,
- zuwa mosaic taba.
Yana jure wa sufuri da ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Samander F1
Matasan Samander F1 na farko mai yawan samun bunkasuwa an yi nasarar girma a cikin ƙasa mara karewa. An bambanta shi ta rikodin rikodi mai sauri, a cikin yanayin balaga na fasaha, ana cire ‘ya’yan itace 50-65 kwanaki bayan dasawa.
Siffar nau’in nau’in ita ce ikonta na ɗaure har zuwa ‘ya’yan itatuwa 20 waɗanda ke yin la’akari har ma a cikin yanayi mara kyau ( fari, zazzabi ƙasa da 22 ° C) 140-200 g akan daji.
Ana bambanta ‘ya’yan itacen Samander ta hanyar siffa mai tsayi mai tsayi. Tushen barkono ya zama ja ja. A tsawon suna girma har zuwa 20 cm. Wannan matasan ana iya ɗauka kuma an adana shi sosai, ana girma don dalilai na masana’antu.
barkono mai zafi don buɗe ƙasa
Siffar nau’in barkono mai zafi da yawa shine cewa basu da buƙata akan yanayin girma. Girma su a cikin bude ƙasa ya fi sauƙi.
Lokacin zabar barkono mai zafi, kula da halaye na waje da dandano.
Ana rarrabe nau’ikan barkono masu zafi masu zuwa:
- Adjika,
- Sarauniyar spades,
- Harshen dragon,
- Zagi,
- Wato,
- Superchill .
Barkono masu zafi suna daidaitawa da sauƙi ga yanayi, suna da tsayayya ga danniya kuma suna buƙatar kulawa kaɗan. Shuka tsaba don seedlings ya zama dole a farkon bazara, kuma lokacin dasa shuki a cikin gado, tuna da ikon barkono mai ɗaci don yin pollinate mai dadi, don haka dole ne a dasa shi a wani wuri. nisa ko rabuwa ta hanyar dasa shuki da masara.
ƙarshe
Girma mai daɗi da manyan barkono a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba shi da wahala ko kaɗan. Yawancin nau’ikan nau’ikan zamani da hybrids waɗanda aka daidaita don wannan hanyar girma suna ba da sakamako mai kyau. Kuma ta hanyar mai da hankali kan halaye na asali waɗanda barkono dole ne su kasance da shi don dasa shuki a cikin lambun lambun, cikin sauƙin zabar iri iri iri-iri don lambun ku.
