Daga cikin dukkanin nau’in kudan zuma iri-iri, akwai nau’in nau’i na musamman waɗanda suka bambanta da takwarorinsu ba kawai a cikin bayyanar ba, har ma a cikin hali, mazauninsu. Ɗaya daga cikin irin waɗannan nau’in shine kudan zuma kafinta, wanda ba shukar zuma ba ne, amma yana da sha’awar masu kiwon zuma. Ana la’akari da shi a matsayin ainihin burbushin halittu, kamar yadda ya wanzu a ƙarni da yawa da suka wuce.
Kudan zuma kafinta: description
Kwari mai ban sha’awa shine kudan zuma kafinta na kowa. Babu shakka baya son takwarorinsa. Yana tafiyar da rayuwar kadaitaka, baya tara tarin zuma, ba ya bambanta a cikin manyan zuriya, kuma ba kasafai mutane ke amfani da su wajen cimma burinsu ba.
Siffofin waje
Yana da sauƙin gane shi. Waɗannan kudan zuman kafinta suna da girma, waɗanda suka fi kama da kudan zuma. Amma kafinta yana bambanta da shi da inuwa mai launin shuɗi mai duhu mai yawa. Ratsi rawaya saba wa kudan zuma ba su nan. Fuka-fukai masu duhu, amma sun ɗan ɗan fi sauƙi fiye da ciki, tare da yalwar membranes. Mace ta fi na namiji girma, amma akwai bambance-bambancen halaye masu yawa:
- babu proboscis don tattara nectar;
- antennae na kai baƙar fata ne tare da tints mai launin rawaya a ƙananan ɓangaren;
- Ƙafafun mata na baya suna da hakora da yawa da wani nau’i na dandamali;
- mata ne kawai suke da tsauri; jirage marasa matuka ba sa haifar da hadari ga mutane.
Kudan zuma kafinta na da gajeriyar zagayowar rayuwa, kusan watanni shida. A wannan lokacin, kwarin yana ba da ƙaramin ƙarami kuma yawanci yakan mutu a cikin bazara. Ba kasafai suke shiga bacci ba.
Yankin rarrabawa
Wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i) wanda aka jera a cikin Jajayen Littafin da ke cikin hatsari. Yafi kowa a yankuna masu zafi:
- Turai;
- Transcaucasia;
- Gabas ta tsakiya;
- Asiya ta Tsakiya;
- Mongoliya.
Yana da wuya a kan ƙasa na Rasha. An bayyana kasancewar su a yankunan Rostov, Tula, Moscow, a cikin yankunan Stavropol da Krasnodar. Wannan nau’in xylocopa kuma yana da wuya a cikin Urals da yankin Volga.
Me kudan zuma ke ci?
Kodayake ba shukar zuma ba ce, tana samar da tanadin abinci daga nectar da pollen. Ya ba da fifiko ga tsire-tsire na zuma:
- ɗanɗano
- launin bazara na itatuwan ‘ya’yan itace;
- Acacia;
- miya mai launi;
- itacen Linden
A lokacin rani, ana iya samun shi a cikin filayen tare da sunflowers, lupins, furanni na ado, da sauransu. Ana tattara ’ya’yan nectar da sassafe da yamma da magriba. Xylocopa ko woodpecker ne na musamman pollinator, don haka yana da ban sha’awa ga mutane.
Zagayowar rayuwa na kudan zuma kafinta
Wannan kwarin shine kadaici. Ba kasafai ake iya haduwa da su cikin kananan iyalai ba. Babu aikin taro. Don gina gida, zaɓi kututturan bishiyoyin da suka mutu, shingen katako daga filin, kututturen itace, sandunan tarho, sassan katako na rufin a yankunan karkara. Don ƙirƙirar gida, ana yayyafa cavities a cikin itacen, wanda ƙofarsa yayi kama da rami mai faɗi daidai. A cikin wannan aikin, yana ƙirƙirar sautin siffa wanda yayi kama da hum na rawar soja.
Ba a haɗa wurin da ake shukawa da wurin kusa da tsire-tsire na zuma ba. Wani kwaro mai aiki yana iya tashi dubun kilomita don neman abinci. Ba komai inda gidan fulani yake ba. Wadannan kwari sun fi aiki a lokacin rani. Idan faɗuwar ta yi dumi, za su iya yin aiki a wannan lokacin na shekara. Ba kasafai suke yin bacci ba, yawanci suna mutuwa tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, tun da a baya sun shimfiɗa ɗan ƙaramin ƙwai.
Yaya hatsarin kudan zuma kafinta ke yi?
Dangane da mutane, kwarin ba ya da ƙarfi. Amma ana lura da wannan hali har sai wata barazana ta gaske ta bayyana. Idan kuwa ba haka lamarin yake ba, kwarin ba ya kula da kasancewar mutum sai ya rika gudanar da harkokinsa. Jiragen sama marasa matuka ba sa kai hari ko kadan. Dafin mace yana da haɗari sosai saboda yana haifar da kumburin kyallen takarda. Cizon makogwaro yana da mutuwa.
Yadda ake magance kudan zuma na itace
Kudan zuma ba shi da haɗari ga mutane. Ba ya nuna zalunci kuma baya cutar da tsire-tsire masu rai. Yi amfani da matattun bishiyoyi kawai don gina gida. Shuɗin kudan zuma nau’in nau’in halitta ne da ke cikin haɗari don haka ba a cika ganin shi kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam ba. Ana iya samuwa mafi sau da yawa a gefuna na dajin. Zuma ba ta da dandano.
An haxa ruwan nectar da pollen da aka tattara tare da miya, bayan haka an sanya wani nau’i na ball a kasan kowane tantanin gida. Sai a dora kwai a sama a rufe. Bayan ya halicci kusan sel guda goma, ya kasance a cikinsa na ɗan lokaci sannan ya bar shi har abada. Hatchling yana bayyana da kansa kusa da faɗuwa, ya kasance cikin lokacin hunturu kuma, tare da farkon kwanakin bazara mai dumi, matashin ya shirya game da gina nasu gida. Don haka, ana iya wuce gida daga tsara zuwa na gaba.
Masu kiwon zuma suna ƙoƙarin kada su lalata waɗannan ƙudan zuma waɗanda ke kusa da apiary. Bata qoqarin satar zuma ba, kawai bata bari wasu ƙudan zuma su zo kusa da gidan. Masu shayarwa suna ƙoƙarin jagorantar irin wannan kwari, suna son samun shuka na zuma na musamman. Sai dai kawo yanzu babu wani gwaji ko daya da aka samu nasarar lashe gasar. Kudan zuma mai shuɗi na iya wanzuwa a yanayin yanayi, nesa da mazaunin ɗan adam.
Jagorar baya yarda da kara mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, idan ya bayyana a kusa da gidan, zaka iya fitar da shi tare da taimakon kiɗa mai ƙarfi, kayan aiki, idan wannan bai cutar da makwabta ba. Idan bai taimaka ba, ana zuba gida da guba, man fetur ko feshi don yaƙar kwari. Amma kar a manta yana cikin Jajayen Littafin.
