Hive ya dubi mai sauƙi kawai daga waje. Amma a cikinsa yana da tsari iri-iri, kowannensu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Rufi, rufi, kasa. Amma mafi muhimmanci aka gyara su ne tsarin ga ƙudan zuma, wanda tabbatar da jari na zuma, wani shiru girbi ba tare da žata da kudan zuma mallaka.
Don haka
Inganci da adadin zuma da sauran samfuran kudan zuma da aka samu ba ya dogara da girman da siffar amya, amma akan ingancin tsarin da ke cikin su. A cikin karni na XNUMX, babu firam akan amya. Don tattara zuma, masu kiwon zuma sun fesa kudan zuma. Wannan wata muguwar hanya ce wacce sau da yawa takan kai ga mutuwar kusan daukacin yankin ƙudan zuma. Takwarorinsu na zamani sun sa ya yiwu a guje wa irin wannan rashin tausayi. Tattara babban adadin zuma, normalize ci gaban iyali, ajiye ƙudan zuma.
Ana siyan samfuran zamani a cikin shagon. Ba shi da wahala ka yi da kanka. Adadin ya dogara da girman hive. Amma muhimmin ma’auni shine girman firam ɗin kudan zuma: an tabbatar da cikakken tsarin aiki na dukan iyali a lokacin tattara zuma, a lokacin lokacin hunturu, lokacin da sarauniya tsutsa ce kuma ‘ya’ya suna haifuwa.
Iri-iri na kudan zuma Frames.
Girma da siffofi na firam ɗin kudan zuma, da kuma wurin su, yakamata a ƙirƙira ta yadda hive ɗin ba ta cika ba. In ba haka ba, ba zai yi aiki ba don babban cin hanci da yin tubali mai kyau. Firam ɗin kudan zuma iri-iri ne. Ana amfani da nau’ikan ƙira guda 4 kawai, waɗanda aka amince da su a cikin 1918 a taron masu kiwon zuma:
- Dadan;
- Langstroth – Ruth;
- rabin tanti;
- Ukrainian
Dukkansu masu girma dabam ne. A kan waɗannan sigogi, ana samar da takaddun tushe a cikin kamfanoni. Wannan yana ba da damar sanya zanen gadon kakin zuma kai tsaye a kan firam ɗin ba tare da an datse su ba. A cikin amya, akwai rufe ko matsananciyar ratsi, gida da ƙasa.
barguna
Kowane daki-daki yana da takamaiman aiki a cikin hive. Murfin yana kan gefuna kuma yana hidima don raba gida daga sararin samaniya. An cika shi da burodin kudan zuma da zuma kawai. Yana aiki azaman tushen abinci kuma azaman ƙarin abin rufe fuska yayin hunturu. Queens ba sa son irin wannan.
Masu ciyarwa
Ƙudan zuma na iya ba da kansu da kansu da kansu tare da samar da ingantaccen abinci na hunturu. Amma wani lokacin suna buƙatar ciyarwa, don haka mai kiwon zuma yana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa akwai masu ciyarwa a cikin hita. Akwai iri da yawa:
Sayi masu ciyarwa a cikin shaguna. Sauƙi don yin da hannuwanku. Babban abu shine fara ciyarwa akan lokaci kuma kuyi shi a cikin kwanakin farko na kaka.
Incubators na jarirai
A haihuwa na iyali ya dogara kai tsaye a kan microclimate na hive. Idan yanayin zafi a ciki ya fi na al’ada, wannan yana rage adadin brood. Wannan ya dogara kai tsaye da adadin ruwan da ke cikin amya da yawan danshin da ke cikin abinci. Saboda haka, yana da amfani don kula da zafi tare da incubator. Kudan zuma na iya daidaita tsarin musayar zafi da kanta da kuma kula da zafi mafi kyau. Idan akwai ‘yan ma’aikata a cikin incubator na gandun daji, shigar da fanka, kamar na’urar sanyaya kwamfuta, don tarwatsa iska mai danshi.
Allon kariya
Ana amfani da manyan allunan azaman abin rufe fuska. Yawancin lokaci ana yin su da katako kuma ana shigar da su kusa da bangon saboda kudan zuma ba zai iya shiga cikin kunkuntar wuri ba. Ana saka headdress a cikin kudan zuma kuma yana da sauƙin cirewa, don kada ya dame dangi. Zai fi kyau lokacin da aka sanya rufi a tsakanin bangon hive da tarkacen waje.
Gyara
Ana amfani da firam ɗin ginin kudan zuma don jirage marasa matuƙa. Akwai sabani akai-akai tsakanin masu kiwon zuma game da wannan. Yawancin masu apiary sun yi imanin cewa ba lallai ba ne a tilasta wa ma’aikacin kudan zuma ya kashe makamashi a cikin wannan tsari. Ko da babu tsarin kudan zuma a cikin hive, ƙudan zuma za su fara juya saƙar zuma na yau da kullun zuwa saƙar zuma mara matuƙa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsari yana da takamaiman amfani. Ta hanyar samar da sabbin saƙar zuma a wurin ginin, yana yiwuwa a sami babban tushe mai tushe, yana ba ku damar adana ƙari.
Sashe
Masu kiwon kudan zuma na zamani sun lura cewa kasuwa ta kara yawan bukatar zumar da dan Adam bai taba ba. Wannan zuma ce a combs. An yanke shi cikin guntu, amma an fi samun shi a cikin sassa daban-daban. Ana iya samun irin waɗannan sassan da yawa a cikin akwati. Wannan yana da amfani yayin da yake adana lokaci kuma yana ƙara farashin samfurin ƙarshe. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya yi wani yanki na kudan zuma da hannuwanku. Sa’an nan kuma saya sassa ɗaya kuma shigar da su a cikin firam. An yi su don aunawa bisa ga nau’in samfurin.
Itace ko filastik
Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun fi son na gargajiya kuma suna amfani da firam ɗin katako. Mafi yawan masu zamani ba sa jinkirin yin amfani da filastik ko don ba da amya da nau’ikan biyu. Dukansu suna da takamaiman amfani da rashin amfani.
Firam ɗin kudan zuma na itace abin girmamawa ga al’adu, adana tsoffin fasahohin. Yawancin masu kiwon zuma sun tabbata cewa mafi kyawun zuma zai iya kasancewa a cikin katako na kudan zuma kawai. Wannan yana da fa’idodi masu yawa:
- tsabtace muhalli;
- ƙananan farashi;
- saukin haduwar kai.
Amma akwai gagarumin koma baya – kulawa mai wuya, ɗan gajeren rayuwar sabis. Ba da dadewa ba, madadin riba mai riba a cikin nau’ikan firam ɗin filastik ya fara bayyana akan kasuwa. Suna da nauyi, masu amfani, masu sauƙin tsaftacewa, kuma suna hidima na dogon lokaci. Tushen yana da sauƙin amfani. Babu buƙatar ja igiyar kowane lokaci. Kawai amfani da gashin tushe a kan jirgin ƙasa, ƙudan zuma za su yi sauran da kansu. A matsayin hasara, yana da daraja a lura da farashin firam ɗin filastik.
Shahararrun masana’antun Dadan da Ruta sun kwashe shekaru da dama suna ba wa kasuwan na’urorin kudan zuma marasa nauyi, dorewa da kuma kare muhalli, inda kudan zuma ke yin saurin gina tafkunansu.
Girman firam don amya kudan zuma.
Akwai nau’ikan madaidaitan firam guda huɗu tare da ma’auni masu dacewa. Masu kera suna la’akari da sigogi yayin samar da masana’anta. Yana da mahimmanci a yi amfani da bayanai iri ɗaya lokacin ƙirƙirar firam ɗin katako da aka yi da kansu.
Matsayin girman
Nau’o’in firam ɗin huɗu an bayyana su ta daidaitattun girmansu huɗu:
- Ruta yana ba da firam ɗin kudan zuma 435x230mm;
- abubuwan da aka ba su – 435 × 300;
- kantin sayar da – 435 × 135;
- Ukrainian -300×435.
Duk waɗannan firam ɗin sun dace daidai a cikin masu cire zuma ba tare da gabatar da matsaloli ba.
Mai kiwon kudan zuma yana sarrafa adadin firam a cikin kowane hive da kansa. Yawancin lokaci akwai 8 zuwa 12 daga cikinsu.
Babban dogo
Don ƙirƙirar da kanka, kuna buƙatar zane. Misali yana nuna lissafin girman firam ɗin kudan zuma don daidaitaccen hive na Dadan, wanda gefen ciki shine 450 mm. Sabili da haka, tsayin ɓangaren babba shine 470 mm kuma na ƙasa shine 435. Yadda yake kama, duba zane. Babban kauri na dogo -20 mm.
Duk firam ɗin kudan zuma an yi su ne daga ƙasa, sama da silinda na gefe.
Side slats
Hanyar masana’anta na iya zama mai sauƙi, ramukan suna buƙatar bin ka’idodin da aka ayyana ta GOST. Saboda haka, kaurinsa shine 25 mm. Ana nuna girman daki-daki a cikin zanen da aka nuna. Akwai ramuka a cikin sassan gefe, wanda duk wannan an haɗa shi daga baya.
Jirgin kasa na kasa
Tsawon layin dogo na kasa yayi daidai da sarari kyauta. Kuma fadin ya kai kimanin 25mm. Kafin ci gaba da ƙera, ya zama dole a hankali nazarin zane-zane da sigogi na ciki na amya. Idan ba su dace ba, canza ma’auni kaɗan kaɗan. Yana da kyawawa cewa ba su wobble a cikin amya, amma effortlessly shiga da fita.
Haɗa firam don ƙudan zuma da hannuwanku a matakai.
Zaɓin kayan don yin firam ɗin kudan zuma dole ne a yi shi a hankali. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine itatuwan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i:
- Tilo;
- miya;
- poplar;
- aspen;
- miya.
Yawancin masu kiwon kudan zuma suna amfani da itatuwan coniferous. Babu contraindications ga wannan. Ana ba da shawarar spruce, cedar, ko fir. Kada ku yi amfani da birch, Pine, larch. Amya da aka yi da irin waɗannan bishiyoyi ba sa jure yanayin zafi. Kararraki zai bayyana da sauri. Tabbatar cewa babu alamun mold ko mildew akan itacen.
Shirya screwdriver, ƙusoshi da aiwatar da ayyuka ta amfani da mataki-mataki umarnin.
- Hana ramuka a cikin sassan gefe inda za a haɗa kebul ɗin daga baya. Ana kera su a nesa ɗaya a cikin ƙananan sassa da na sama.
- Haɗa katako na sama da na ƙasa tare da sukurori.
- Wuce kebul ta cikin rami, gyara gefuna, ja shi don sauƙin gyara tushe.
Ka’idar gina tsari.
An riga an gabatar da babban ma’auni na kera samfuran. Waɗannan su ne girman, kayan aiki, da haɓaka inganci. Amma ba haka kawai ba. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye nesa. Masu kiwon zuma suna kiransa tituna… Don haka nisa tsakanin tituna ya kai akalla milimita 8. Mafi kyawun nisa shine mm 13.
Idan sararin ya kasance karami, zai yi mummunar tasiri ga jirage marasa matuka. Adadin su yana raguwa sosai. Ƙaunar iyali yana ƙaruwa, wanda kuma ba abu ne mai kyau ba. A ƙarshe, wannan zai bayyana a cikin haɓakar maca da yawan cin hanci.
Wanne tsari na USB ya fi kyau?
Ba wani batu mai mahimmanci ba, kamar waɗanda suka gabata. Yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi madaidaicin kayan tashin hankali da hanya. Idan ka ja da hannunka, akwai haɗarin gujewa fata akan yatsunka. Yana da kyau a zabi bakin karfe a matsayin abu. Karfe na ƙarfe ba a hana shi ba, amma ba zai daɗe ba. Zai fi kyau a harba a cikin shugabanci a layi daya zuwa bene.
Zaɓin waya don firam
Idan kun yanke shawara akan kayan, to kuna buƙatar zaɓar irin wannan abu a cikin shagunan kan layi ko je wurin ginin. Ana sayar da shi a cikin manyan bakuna. Nauyin kowane ɗayan waɗannan coils shine gram 250 zuwa 500. Wannan adadin ya isa ga firam da yawa. Yana da kyawawa cewa irin wannan kayan yana kasancewa a cikin bitar apiary, ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba.
Umarnin don ja igiyoyi
Babu takamaiman shawarwari kan yadda ake ja igiya. Kowane malami yana da nasa hanyoyin. Amma ƙarin ƙwarewar bai dami kowa ba tukuna.
- Gyara firam ɗin da aka gama tare da ramuka akan shimfidar wuri.
- Fitar da ƙusa a cikin yankin rami na sama don ya fito da ƴan milimita sama da saman.
- Fitar da ƙusa diagonally daura da rami na ƙasa.
- Da farko, sanya nau’in ma’aunin tef a kan tebur, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin adadi. Juya shi ta yadda sashin gefe ya ɗan lanƙwasa.
Idan firam ɗin yana matsayi da kyau, ɗayan gefen kuma zai lanƙwasa.
- Sa’an nan kuma fara zaren kayan daga sama, yin aiki da ƙasa. Haɗa kebul ɗin zuwa saman stile kuma shaƙe da guduma. Yi haka a ƙasa, kiyayewa da guduma ƙusa. Lokacin iska, kula da mafi kyawun tashin hankali.
- Da zarar an saki bangarorin, tashin hankali na USB yana da kyau.
Ja baya daukar lokaci mai tsawo. Tare da ɗan gogewa, zai ɗauki mintuna kaɗan kawai.
Tukwici!
Don hana waya daga lalata itace, yana da kyau a sanya masu wanke karfe.
Wannan ɗan sirri ne da ba kowa ke amfani da shi ba.
Gyara mashaya a ciki don sauƙin shigarwa.
Taimako don firam ɗin tare da zuma
Ana buƙatar tallafi don hidimar firam ɗin. Yana da sauƙi don yin shi da kanka. Zai fi kyau a yi haka a gaba, har ma a lokacin da ake yin firam ɗin. Ana amfani da su don riƙe firam lokacin gida ko don bugu. Idan yana da wuya a yi, kawai saya wanda aka shirya.
Wasu shawarwari masu taimako zasu taimaka maka shirya apiary don sabon kakar kuma girbi girbi mai kyau na zuma a karshen.
