Irin kudan zuma da halaye na musamman na nau’ikan kudan zuma daban-daban. –

Gidan tarihin tarihi na Amurka ya gudanar da kidayar kudan zuma. Jerin ya hada da nau’in kudan zuma daga ko’ina cikin duniya. Bisa ga bayanin da aka samu, nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)) suna rayuwa a duniya. Ba duka ba ne mai daɗi.

Masana kimiyya sun kai ga ƙarshe mai ban sha’awa. Akwai nau’in kudan zuma da yawa a duniyarmu fiye da dabbobi da tsuntsaye a hade. Duk da haka, ga yawancin mutane, duk ƙudan zuma “a kan fuska ɗaya ne.” Da kyar kowa zai iya bambanta shukar zuma da gungu.

Yadda za a ƙayyade irin da nau’in ƙudan zuma.

Halayen nau’in kwari sun kasance a cikin miliyoyin shekaru na juyin halitta. An haɓaka kaddarorin masu mahimmanci don takamaiman yanayi na yanayi, hanyoyin makamashi, don kamawa da kariya.

Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙayyade nau’in ba tare da takamaiman ƙwarewa da ilimi ba. Akwai alamu gabaɗaya da yawa waɗanda ake tantance alaƙar yanki tasu.

An raba nau’in ƙudan zuma zuwa manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na launuka. Kwari masu launin rawaya da haske suna jure wa zafin rana cikin sauƙi, ba sa zafi. Wannan ingancin nasa ne na steppe da nau’in kwari na yankunan kudancin. Grey da baki suna jawo zafin rana. Launi yana da mahimmanci ga nau’ikan nau’ikan daga yankuna da yanayi mai tsanani.

Tsawon proboscis yana nuna tushen makamashi. Idan girman su shine 6,8 zuwa 7,5, kwari suna daidaitawa da ciyawa. Mutanen da ke da guntu guntu sun fi yin aiki a cikin monocultures. Alal misali, kudan zuma ta Tsakiyar Rasha ta fi son buckwheat da linden.

Halin kwari kuma ana la’akari da sifa ta musamman. Mafi yawan tashin hankali ana kiransu Burzyan, Jamusanci da Rasha ta tsakiya.

Irin kudan zuma da halayensu na musamman.

Mai kiwon kudan zuma, lokacin zabar kwari, dole ne yayi tunani game da bukatun kansa. Ana la’akari da yanayi da yanayin tsare mutane. Yin zaɓi bisa ga ka’idar “wanne nau’in ƙudan zuma ne mafi kyau” ba shi da riba daga ra’ayi na kudi.

Da farko, tsire-tsire na zuma ya kamata ya zama mai sauƙi don kulawa, mai dausayi, da kwanciyar hankali. Kudan zuma “mai kyau” ta fi mara kyau, musamman idan amyar tana cikin kasa ne ko a kauye.

Hardiness da hardiness hunturu ya kamata ya dace da yanayin gida. An yi la’akari da ilimin ilimin lissafi na mutane, tun da nau’in kudancin, saboda tsarin hanji, ba zai jure wa dogon lokacin hunturu da yawan abincin da aka sarrafa ba. Ci gaban da girma na iyali dole ne ya dace da lokacin flowering na tsire-tsire na zuma.

Abkhazian

Masu kiwon kudan zuma na gida suna son dabbobin gida kuma suna yaba musu don irin halinsu, aiki tuƙuru, da haihuwa. Ana karbar manyan cin hanci uku a shekara a al’adance a nan. Tarin kudan zuma na farko yana faruwa ne lokacin da acacias, blackberries da bishiyar ‘ya’yan itace suka yi fure. Summer zuma – a kan daji chestnut da lemun tsami itatuwa. Na karshe shine eucalyptus.

Abubuwan da ba su da kyau na nau’in:

• halin sata (har sai an lalatar da iyali gaba daya);
• babban matakin ɗimbin yawa (iyali sun yi taɗi da yawa, wannan baya dogara da adadin sarari kyauta da shekarun mahaifa).

Asiya

Babban mahimmancin fasalin wannan nau’in shine girman mutum. Suna kawai “Kattai.” Kudan zuma suna da sauƙin kulawa. Ba a buƙatar ƙarin aiki da kuɗin kuɗi. Ba a taɓa ciyar da su kusan ba. Kunshe a cikin kauri mai kauri. Ba sa bukatar a yi musu magani da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta. Suna da juriya na asali ba kawai ga mite Varroa ba.

Nauyin bai zama tartsatsi ba, saboda babban rashin amfaninsa shine raunin zuma da tattara zuma da “kurewa” daga taron tare da damuwa. Yana jure sanyi mara kyau.

Altai

Kudan zuma na wannan nau’in ana siffanta su ta hanya mara kyau. Kwatancen kadarorin galibi suna cin karo da juna da sabani. Babban halayen irin:

• halin da yawa cututtuka;
• pavonearse;
• iyalai masu rauni;
• m;
• mai kyau a nau’ikan cin hancin gida.

Inglés

An yi la’akari da nau’in asara a yau. Mite na tracheal ya shafe kusan dukkanin jama’a. Lamarin ya faru ne a karnin da ya gabata. An zabo ragowar shanun da suka tsira da kyau. An ketare su da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan da aka kawo daga kasashe daban-daban: Italiya, Turkiyya, Girka, Masar. Sakamakon zaɓin, an haɓaka sabon layin matasan.

Afirka

Ba a amfani da waɗannan ƙudan zuma masu kisa wajen kiwon zuma. Bugu da ƙari ga kasancewa masu tayar da hankali, daidaikun mutane suna da rama. Suna iya korar abokan gaba har zuwa rabin kilomita. Mai tsananin fushi Kwantar da hankali na dogon lokaci (har zuwa 8 hours). Babban rashin amfani da kwari shine guba mai guba.

Halayen nau’in nau’in:

• girma;
• gaba daya an rufe shi da gashi;
• launi mai haske;
• babban kuzari;
• sauƙin daidaita kowane yanayin yanayi;
• high yawan aiki (ana tattara zuma sau da yawa fiye da kowace shuka zuma).

Buckwheat

Layin matasan ba shi da wurin zama na halitta. Duk da haka, kwari suna da thermophilic, ba za su iya jure sanyi ba. Nauyin bai dace da yankunan arewa ba saboda an haife shi a cikin yanayi mai ɗanɗano na Biritaniya. Ketare nau’in kudan zuma daga kasashe daban-daban ya ba da sakamako mai nasara. Godiya ga halayen da aka samu, kudan zuma Buckfast ya zama ɗayan mafi tsada nau’in. Kudin mahaifa ya kai dala dubu biyu.

Halayen nau’in:

• kunya;
• kwanciyar hankali;
• juriya ga mites na tracheal;
• ba mai yiwuwa ga swarming tare da manyan matasa (ba a ba da shawarar iyakance girman mulkin mallaka ba).

Bashkir (Burzyanskaya)

Nauyin na musamman ne saboda an kafa shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin keɓewar yanayi. Ko kadan fiye da sauran nau’in, an yi ta hanyar ketare kyauta. Kwari suna da kyakkyawan saitin halaye don tsira a cikin matsanancin yanayi na Kudancin Urals.

Matasan suna bayyana a ƙarshen hunturu. Flyby na farko yana faruwa ne a ƙarshen Maris, lokacin da wuraren dajin ba su fara share dusar ƙanƙara ba. Mutane masu matsakaicin girma. Mahaifa yana da haihuwa a lokacin aiki (Yuni). Gudun yana farawa a farkon lokacin rani kuma yana dawwama har zuwa farkon babban tarin zuma. Sata ba ta faruwa.

A shekara ta 2006, an samar da nau’in ƙudan zuma mai ɗanɗano kaɗan bisa ga al’ummomin gida da tsakiyar Rasha. Kwarin suna da launin toka mai duhu, babu rawaya. Matsakaicin girman mutum shine 113 MG. Nauyin mahaifar tayin shine 215mg, drone shine 240.

Amfanin kallo:

• suna zaman lafiya (idan sun ga juna, sun fi son zuwa mashaya ta kasa);
• busassun hatimi;
• ba a lura da zaman tare da sarauniya ba;
• kada ku yi sata daga amyar wasu;
• kasa kare gidanku;
• Ayyukan jirgin: har zuwa sa’o’i 16;
• resistant zuwa sanyi;
• mai jure cututtuka;
• mahaifa mai haihuwa;
• low permeability;
• babban aikin kakin zuma;
• suna girbin gurasar kudan zuma mai yawa da pollen (samfurin za a iya amfani da su azaman kayayyaki).

Vuchkovskaya

Daban-daban na Carpathians. Ya bambanta da “mahaifin” cikin nutsuwa. Ta’addanci yana bayyana kansa kawai a cikin mummunan yanayin kaka. Launi: launin toka na azurfa. Suna amfani da tsire-tsire na zuma iri-iri. Yawan aiki na iyali: har zuwa 120 kg.

Manyan ƙudan zuma

Kudan zuma mafi girma a duniya (cm 3) suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka na Himalayan. Duk da haka, ba girmansu ne ya sa aka san su a duniya ba. Ita zuma tana da abubuwan hallucinogenic. Masu tarawa suna yin kasada da rayukansu suna tattara wannan kayan da ba kasafai ba.

Ana samun zuma “mahaukaci” ga waɗannan kwari daga rhododendrons da ke girma a cikin tsaunuka. Wasu nau’ikan wannan shuka sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu guba ga mutane. A zuma samu daga nectar ne mai iko hallucinogen da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da hypnotic, magani mai kantad da hankali Properties. A cikin manyan allurai, yana haifar da mutuwa a cikin mutane.

An gina gidajen kudan zuma a tsayin mita 3000 a kan manyan duwatsu. Tsayinsa ya kai mita 1,5. Ana girbin zuma sau biyu a shekara, a cikin bazara da kaka.

Himalayan kudan zuma

A wannan yanki, akwai nau’ikan tsire-tsire na zuma guda biyar. Dukansu suna zaune ne a yankin Terai. Mafi girma daga cikinsu, Apis dorsata, an zana shi da launin rawaya-baƙar fata. Jama’ar ƴan asalin ƙasar suna kiranta da sarauniya kudan zuma. A cikin gidan waɗannan mutane ɗari ne kawai. Amma girmansa yana da ban sha’awa: 1 – 1,5 mita tsayi da mita 1,5.

Mutane ba sa tsoro kuma sukan gina amya a kan gadoji, hasumiyai ko gine-gine. Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan gidaje yana da nauyin kilo 20. Kwarin yana siffanta ƙaura na yanayi. Tare da farkon hunturu, ƙudan zuma suna motsawa zuwa wurare masu zafi, a lokacin rani suna tashi sama.

Gabas mai nisa

Irin wannan nau’in ya fito ne sakamakon zaɓi na kyauta na nau’in Caucasian, Ukrainian da Tsakiyar Rasha. Launi ya bambanta daga launin toka mai haske zuwa rawaya. Tsawon proboscis ya fi matsakaici.

Abubuwan da suka bambanta:

• m;
• mai aiki da ban sha’awa don neman nectar;
• mai saurin sata;
• yawan haihuwa na mahaifa shine matsakaici (har zuwa dubu 1,5);
• high kakin zuma samar;
• kundin cin hanci – 60-200 kg;
• ci gaban iyali na farko.

Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun lura da rashin kwanciyar hankali na halayen irin a lokacin tsallakawa.

Turai

An kawo kudan zuma na wannan nau’in daga Afirka. Kudan zuma mai launin duhu mara rubutu babba ce, mai tauri, kuma mai ban haushi. Yawan jama’a yana girma a Turai, Kamchatka, Yakutia. Nauyin m yana da amfani sosai.

Italiano

Ƙananan kwari masu launin haske. Low hunturu hardiness. Wani fasali na nau’in nau’in shine aiki mai wuyar gaske. Suna ciyar da abinci sosai kuma suna motsawa cikin sauƙi daga shuka zuma zuwa wani. Queens suna da haihuwa (har zuwa qwai 3 kowace rana).

Kudan zuma na wannan nau’in suna da zaman lafiya, amma suna da wuyar yin sata. Suna daidaita sauƙi zuwa sabon yanayin yanayi, amma ba sa goyan bayan yanayin ɗanɗano. An bambanta su da launin rawaya na zinariya.

Kasa

An rarraba nau’o’in nau’ikan al’ummar ƙasa a matsayin kudan zuma. Suna rayuwa a matsayin iyali. Sun zauna a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, suna tona wa kansu ramuka masu zurfi. Sau da yawa baki. Girman mutane har zuwa 19 mm.

Kudan zuma suna tono ramuka suna gina tantanin halitta ta hanyar sanya shi cikin da’ira mai datti da miya. Da zarar ginin ya bushe, kwari sun fara tattara nectar. Anan mahaifa tayi kwai.

Wasu nau’in ƙasa ba za su iya tono rami ba. Suna kawai mamaye mink mara rodents, suna gina gida mai kakin zuma, kuma suna renon matasa.

Ciwon kudan zuma a ƙasa yana da haɗari ga ɗan adam, saboda wasu nau’ikan kudan zuma masu guba ne. Guba yana haifar da rashin lafiyar jiki mai tsanani.

Dwarf kudan zuma

Ƙananan wakilan dangin kudan zuma suna zaune a Amurka Tsawon Mutum ɗaya har zuwa 2 mm. Waɗannan kwari ne kaɗai. Suna gina gidansu akan busasshiyar ƙasa mai yashi.

Kudan zuma mafi ƙanƙanta yana zaune a cikin tudun Himalayas. Ana iya ganin ƙananan tsefensu akan rassan bishiyoyi da bushes. Girman saƙar zuma guda ɗaya shine 20-25 cm. Yawan aiki shine 1 kg a kowace iyali a kowace shekara.

Karnika

Wannan nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’in nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i nau’i)) masu kiwon kudan zuma a duniya suna godiya. Ya girma a Slovenia. Halayen halayen irin:

• launi yana da launin toka na azurfa, wani lokacin rawaya;
• dogon proboscis;
• girman jiki shine matsakaici;
• halin yana da kwanciyar hankali, kwanciyar hankali;
• jure wa hunturu da kyau;
• aiki yana ƙaruwa riga a farkon kwanakin dumi;
• manyan cin hanci ga jan klofa;
• mai jure cututtuka, mai saurin kamuwa da nosematosis;
• aiki mai wuyar gaske;
• mai yiwuwa;
• jure wa motsi da kyau;
• a cikin tufafi;
• iya kare gidanku;
• tsabtace.

Carpathians

Babban amfani da wannan nau’in kwari shine dogon proboscis. Alamun waje sune dogayen fuka-fuki da launin toka. Girman daidaikun mutane matsakaici ne.

Differences

• ci gaban iyali mai aiki;
• sauƙin sauyawa na tsire-tsire na zuma;
• sata;
• resistant zuwa kakin zuma asu;
• suna da babban rigakafi;
• ƙananan hali don yawo;
• ba m
• zuma yana da ƙarancin sukari.

Wani shahararren nau’in shuka zuma a Rasha. Ana samunsa a kusan kowane yanki.

Cordovan

Kudan zuman zinare ya bayyana sakamakon hadadden aikin kiwo. Haɗaɗɗen mutanen Italiya ne da duhu. Launi na mutum shine launin ruwan kasa mai launin rawaya. Waɗannan ƙwari ne masu cin abinci. Kula da mafi kyawun girman gida, haɓaka da sauri da rayayye a cikin bazara.

Suna kafa iyali kuma, ba tare da ƙoƙari sosai ba, suna cika combs da cin hanci mai arziki a farkon watan Mayu. Suna iya samun ɗanɗano kaɗan na pollen. Suna sanyi sosai.

Siffar sa ta musamman ita ce haihuwa. Suna haifar da manya-manyan iyalai masu aiki waɗanda ba su da kusanci ga swarming.

Krainskaya

Kwarin yana da nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali. Yana nufin rukunin farko. Harkar hunturu ya fi na yawan mutanen Caucasian. Wannan nau’in ya shahara a Turai saboda halayensa:

• rashin zalunci;
• farkon bazara ci gaban;
• juriya ga sanyi;
• ba mai saukin kamuwa da toxicosis na kaka;
• sauƙaƙan canjin shuka zuma;
• Halin yawo yana da matsakaici.

Krasnopolyanskaya

Wani nau’i na kudan zuma mai launin toka na Caucasian. Amfanin nau’in nau’in shine, da farko, a cikin yanayin kwanciyar hankali da kwanciyar hankali, kamfani don neman tushen abinci. Mutane suna saurin yin sata. Suna sanyi sosai.

Kwari suna da dogon proboscis kuma a hankali suna tattara nectar daga shuke-shuke tare da tubular corolla na furanni. Daidai pollinates ja clover da legumes. Wannan nau’in yana da mashahuri ba kawai a Rasha ba, har ma a kasashen waje.

Chino

Kudan zuma jinsin jama’a ne. A Rasha, ana samun shi ne kawai a cikin yankin Primorsky. Suna zaune a Japan, China, Vietnam, Koriya. Yana zaune a cikin ramukan bishiyoyi masu rai. Sau da yawa shagaltar da komai amya a cikin apiary. Iyalin sun rabu sau uku a lokacin bazara. Ganuwar sel kakin zuma an gina su da sirara fiye da na yau da kullun na tsire-tsire na zuma. A Rasha, wannan nau’in an jera shi a cikin Red Book.

Kucos

Wurin zama na halitta: Ostiraliya da Kudancin Asiya. Launi: baki tare da blue spots. Kwari ba sa gina gidajensu. Ana jefa ƙwai ga wani baƙon iyali na ƙudan zuma na tseren Amegill. Abubuwan da suka bambanta:

• malalaci;
• a hankali;
• pollen ba a tattara.

Bosque

Yawan kudan zuma na daji sun fi dacewa da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Suna da tsarin rigakafi mai ƙarfi da hardiness na hunturu na musamman. Mai jure wa toxicosis da foulbrood.

Mahaifa yana da haihuwa. A lokacin girma lokaci, iyali yana kwanciya har zuwa 2000 qwai. Nau’in gandun daji suna da katon ventricle na zuma, don haka suna iya ɗaukar adadin nectar mai yawa a lokaci guda. Kudan zuma suna da aiki tuƙuru da tashin hankali. An bambanta su da ƙaramin jirgin ruwa.

Mai yankan ganye

Ana amfani da nau’in a matsayin kyakkyawan pollinator. Ana yin kiwo akan sikelin masana’antu. Shi ba nau’in zamantakewa bane. Tantanin halitta guda ɗaya a cikin gida yana layi tare da guntu na ganye zagaye. Suna gnaw ganyen rose hips, wardi, alfalfa don kada su cutar da tsire-tsire.

Gidan ya ƙunshi kwai da wadatar pollen. Girman jikin yana kusan 1cm. Zuma ba ya noma. Ba ya kafa manyan al’ummomi. An bred don pollination na alfalfa, karas.

Megreliano

Binciken masu kiwon kudan zuma game da wannan nau’in Caucasian yana da inganci kawai. Kwari suna da juriya ga sanyi. Suna da dogon proboscis, har zuwa 7,5 mm. Haihuwar mahaifa shine matsakaici – har zuwa qwai dubu 1,5. Mutane ne masu aiki, masu amfani da lumana na launin ruwan toka na azurfa. Tsarin proboscis yana ba ƙudan zuma damar ɗaukar nectar daga kunkuntar furanni tubular.

Moscow

Masana kimiyya daga Moscow Agricultural Academy mai suna KA Timiryazev, tare da ma’aikatan Kislovodsky Collective Bee Farm, Stavropol Territory, sun kirkiro sabon nau’in kudan zuma. An yi aikin kiwo a nan shekaru da yawa akan kudan zuma na Carpathian. Bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin sabon nau’in shine cewa amfanin gonakin noma mai wahala-to-pollination ya samu.

Alemán

Mazauni na yawan jama’a shine Faransa. Mutane da yawa suna da duhu launi kuma an rufe su da rawaya rawaya a saman. Ƙaƙƙarfan nau’i mai ƙarfi tare da ingantaccen tsarin rigakafi. Kwari suna da tauri da tashin hankali. Daskarewa lokacin sanyi yana kwantar da hankali. nau’in bai yadu ba saboda yanayinsa da rashin kwanciyar hankali ga ɓangarorin Amurka da Turai.

Oriole

Wani nau’in nau’in nau’in jinsin tsakiyar Rasha. An ƙaddamar da shi a tashar gwaji ta Oryol. Daban-daban na nau’in nau’in:

• girma;
• iya jure matsanancin yanayi;
• marigayi ci gaban bazara amma aiki;
• rashin sata;
• resistant zuwa mafi yawan cututtuka;
• babu tsari
• high yawan aiki na zuma da kakin zuma;
• mahaifar haihuwa.

Wadannan nau’ikan sun ƙware a cikin monocultures: linden, buckwheat, ciyawa. Girbin zuma ya makara.

Bahaushe

Wani nau’in kudan zuma na Caucasian. Wannan shi ne mafi “rawaya” kwari na dukan babbar iyali ƙudan zuma. Tambarin zuma mai duhu. Kwarin sharri ne. Yawancin lokaci yana sanya sel sarauniya da yawa.

Kafinta

Yawan kudan zuma ba kasafai bane. Suna zaune a cikin ƙasa na yawancin jihohin Turai, a Mongolia, China. Girman mutum ya dogara da nau’in kuma ya kai 3 cm. Suna bin kututturan tsofaffin bishiya, suna lanƙwasa a mashigin. Gina ba fiye da sel guda 12 ba kuma sanya kwai a kowanne. Har sai zuriya ta bayyana, mahaifa baya barin gida.

Matar tana kama da bumblebee, amma ba tare da rawaya ba. Jikin baƙar fata ne, fuka-fukan shuɗi ne. Kudan zuma masu aiki tuƙuru suna aiki ko da a cikin mummunan yanayi. Larvae suna haɓaka da kansu. Cizon irin wannan kwari yana da zafi.

polesskie

A subspecies na Ukrainian irin. Kudan zuma suna yin hibernate da kyau. Yawan aiki yana sama da matsakaici (har zuwa 70 kg kowace iyali). Ana bambanta ƙananan mutane masu launin toka ta hanyar zaluntar mutane.

amfani:

• juriya na cututtuka;
• cin hanci mai nauyi;
• kayayyaki masu inganci.

Priokskaya

Nauyin yana da nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali. Manufa don farawa masu kiwon zuma. Tafin aikin yana da nutsuwa. A lokaci guda, akwai ko da yaushe tabbatacce kuma high quality-sakamako. Suna ba da zuma mai yawa, saboda ba su da saurin yawo.

An yarda da hunturu sosai. Iyalin suna girma ne kawai a cikin bazara. Mahaifa yana da haihuwa. Yana da ikon yin kwai 2000 a rana. Mai jure wa nosematosis.

Arewacin Arewa

Gaba ɗaya sunan kwari da ke zaune a Siberiya da Gabas mai Nisa. Ba tare da kulawa ba. Sun bambanta da juriya da ƙarfin aiki.

Alamomin jinsi:

• yawan aiki;
• Haihuwa;
• karfi rigakafi.

Ana bambanta zumar kudan zuma ta Arewa ta hanyar kayan warkarwa kuma ana ɗaukarta mafi kyawun yanayin muhalli. Masu kiwon zuma na kasashen waje sun yaba da nau’in.

Caucasian launin toka

Wurin zama na halitta shine yanayi mai zafi da ɗanɗano na tsaunin Caucasus. Lokacin hunturu yana da laushi a nan, akwai tsire-tsire na zuma da yawa. Babu rawaya a cikin launi na daidaikun mutane. Kalarsa yawanci launin toka ne na azurfa. Kwarin ba su da girma, proboscis yana da tsawo.

Tare da ƙaddamar da cin hanci, ƙudan zuma suna ƙuntata mahaifa kuma suna cika sel masu kyauta. Sun kasance masu kyau tare da raunin cin hanci. Sauƙaƙe canzawa daga nau’in shuka zuwa wani. Suna aiki ko da a cikin yanayin girgije. Tambarin zuma mai jika. Iyalai ba sa saurin kamuwa da tarzoma.

Rasha ta tsakiya

Nauyin yana da babban adadin rayuwa. Yana kwantar da hankali yana jure wa dogon lokacin hunturu, har zuwa watanni 7. Mazaunan yanayi: tsakiyar Rasha, kudancin Urals.

Abubuwan da suka bambanta:

• girman mutum;
• m kafafu
• gajeren proboscis;
• launi yana da duhu launin toka, baki ba tare da yellowness;
• kwari mai gashi, tsawon gashi har zuwa 5 mm;
• mahaifa mai haihuwa (a matsakaita 2500 qwai a kowace rana);
• hunturu shiru ko da a -50⁰ C;
• sun kasance masu tayar da hankali
• mai saurin yin tari.

Babban matsala na tsakiyar Rasha irin shi ne varroatosis. Mai jure wa wasu cututtuka. Sun fi nuna ƙarfin su a yankuna tare da rani da cin hanci na marigayi a kan linden da buckwheat.

Taigiris

Kudan zuma damisa ƙaho ne. Launi baƙar fata ne. Murfin chitinous tare da ratsan baki masu sheki. Girman jiki ya kai 7 cm. Cizon yana da zafi. Ba kamar ƙudan zuma ba, suna yi ta harba akai-akai.

Thai

Irin wannan kudan zuma kala ce daban. Fuka-fukan duhu ne, ciki baƙar fata ne, ba shi da ratsi. Ƙananan kwari. Natsu.

Ukrainian steppe

Wurin zama na halitta: gandun daji da yankuna na Ukraine, Moldova, Rasha. Sun bambanta da tsakiyar Rasha irin a cikin launi mai haske da dogon proboscis. Masu kiwon kudan zuma sun lura da ƙara himma da son tsafta. Suna da wuya ga swarming, ba ma m da kuma hunturu a kwantar da hankula. Wannan shine ɗayan farkon nau’in ƙudan zuma.

Black

Jikin kudan zuma baƙar fata ya kai cm 3,5. Saboda girmansa, muƙamuƙinsa yana da ƙarfi. Saboda haka, cizon yana da zafi. Ba a ba da shawarar tuntuɓar su ba. Ko da yake sau da yawa ƙudan zuma ba sa nuna wani zalunci ga mutane kuma ba sa fara kai hari.

A lokacin kiwo, sarauniya ƙudan zuma da jirage marasa matuki suna bin kwarin ƙwarin da ke tsakanin jinsinsu kuma suna tashi sama zuwa ƙasa. Bayan jima’i, mahaifa yana cikin gida. Yana sanya ƙwai a cikin sel. Sauran sararin da babu kowa a ciki yana cike da nectar da hatimi. Kudan zuma matasa suna bayyana a cikin shekara guda.

Elgon

Layin Hybrid bisa Buckfast, Monticola da Zacharensis ƙudan zuma. Kwarin wannan nau’in sun fi na Burtaniya kwanciyar hankali. Nauyin ya yi duhu a launi fiye da Buckfast. Yana da launin toka. Mutane da yawa suna jure wa varroatosis da foulbrood. Amfani:

• girma a farkon bazara;
• zaman lafiya;
• ci gaban iyali, goyon bayan karfi da karfi a duk lokacin kakar;
• ba shi yiwuwa a yi tari;
• m;
• Riba a lokacin hunturu.

Mafi kyawun nau’in ƙudan zuma a Rasha

Ga Rasha, ana kiran waɗannan nau’ikan ƙudan zuma mafi kyau:

1. Rasha ta tsakiya. Godiya ga halayen zuriyarsa, yana zaune cikin nutsuwa kuma yana aiki a cikin matsanancin hunturu na Siberiya da Kudancin Urals. Ba sa rasa yawan aiki. Kowane iyali yana ba da gudummawar matsakaicin har zuwa kilogiram 30 na zuma.
2. Caucasian rawaya. Mafi kyawun iri. Kwari suna da haihuwa. Sauƙaƙa daidaita zuwa sabon yanayin yanayi.
3. Grey dutsen na Caucasus. Kyakkyawan tsire-tsire na zuma. Sauƙaƙe canzawa daga tushen wutar lantarki zuwa wani. Har ma su na karbar cin hanci kadan.

Sauran nau’ikan kuma sun shahara a Rasha: Carpathians, Far East, Krainsky. A yau, masu kiwon kudan zuma suna da babban zaɓi na nau’in kuma kowa ya sami nau’ikan nau’ikan kwari waɗanda suke da mahimmanci.