Mutum ya san fa’ida, hanyoyin warkar da zuma. Ma’aikata marasa natsuwa suna gani koyaushe. Amma ba wanda, sai masu kiwon zuma, da ya ga abin da ke faruwa a cikin gidan, yadda ake samar da zumar. Manya da yawa suna tunanin cewa “yaya” da “me yasa” sun bambanta ga ɗan dalili. Amma ba za su iya ba da cikakkiyar amsa ba kamar yadda ba su sani ba.
Tarin Nectar
Tsarin yana da rikitarwa, yana farawa daga lokacin da ƙudan zuma suka tashi daga amya tare da isowar bazara. Na farko shi ne tsire-tsire na zuma na daji, ana amfani da launin bishiyoyi don tattara nectar da pollen. Kowane mutumin da ke aiki yana da proboscis (goiter) na musamman tare da dogon harshe, wanda yake tattara kwaya. Wannan sashin jiki yana cika da tasoshin jini, gland da ke samar da enzymes na musamman. Tare da taimakon su, nectar ya juya zuwa sukari.
Nectar ya ƙunshi ruwa (80%) da sukari. Ganin ka nectar shine kawai da ido tsirara. Kawai cire furen daga yankan, digon ruwa mai haske wanda ya bayyana shine nectar. Tsire-tsire masu furanni na farko sun haɗa da:
- Zaki hakora
- launin bishiyoyin ‘ya’yan itace;
- ɗanɗano
- pulmonaria wanda ke tsiro a cikin daji;
- dusar ƙanƙara;
- proleski;
- violets
- launin daji.
Kudan zuma mai aiki yana da ciki biyu. Ɗayan ya ƙunshi nectar da aka tattara. Dayan kuma don cin abinci ne. Don cika ciki da zuma, kudan zuma za ta tashi sama da furannin zuma sama da 70. Girman wannan ventricle yana da ƙanƙanta sosai, shi kaɗai. MG.
Abin sha’awa!
Nauyin kudan zuma daidai yake da nauyin ciki mai cike da fara’a.
Kudan zuma na komawa cikin hikici idan ciki ya cika. A cikin hita, yana canja wurin nectar da aka tattara zuwa wani ma’aikaci, wanda ya ɗauki komai da dogon harshe. Ana amfani da wani ɓangare na nectar don ciyar da tsutsa, sauran ana sarrafa su.
Sai dai har yanzu ba a san yadda ƙudan zuma ke fitar da zumar da suka kawo ba.
Rarraba ayyuka a cikin hive.
Ƙungiyar kudan zuma ta ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na mutane (25-60), kowannensu yana yin wasu ayyuka.
- Sarauniya ita kadai ce, babbar kudan zuma. An ba shi aikin kwanciya kwai ga zuriya.
- Jirgin mara matuki ya fi karami, amma ya fi mahaifa. Taki mahaifa. Akwai maza da yawa irin wannan a cikin hive. Suna da manyan idanuwa. Sashen hangen nesa yana da amfani a cikin jirgin. Dole ne jirgin mara matuki ya kama mahaifa kuma ya hadu a kan tashi.
- Kudan zuma masu aiki babban bangare ne na iyali. Kowane ɗayan yana da hannu a cikin takamaiman aiki a cikin hive. Suna tashi ne don neman tsire-tsire na zuma (‘yan leƙen asiri), suna tattarawa da sarrafa ƙoshin zuma.
To wa ya koya wa ƙudan zuma tattara zuma? Wannan shine cancantar yanayi. Masu binciken suna yawo, suka sami tsire-tsire na zuma, suna komawa cikin hita kuma, tare da rawarsu, sun bayyana wa ma’aikacin kudan zuma a cikin hanyar da zai tashi don tattara rassan.
Tsiren zuma
Ma’aikacin yana yin jirginsa na farko daga hive lokacin da zafin iska bai wuce digiri 8 ba kuma tsire-tsire na zuma na farko sun bayyana a ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Jirgin da ya fi aiki yana faruwa a lokacin furannin Linden. Launin wannan bishiyar shine mafi kyawun shuka zuma. Ɗauki nectar na waɗannan furanni:
- pear, ceri, apricot launi;
- miya;
- buckthorn;
- viburnum;
- gandun daji da lambun raspberries;
- Hazelnut launi;
- ashberry;
- plum;
- currant
- Blueberries
- Itacen Apple
- thyme
- ceri tsuntsu
- sunflower;
- Buckwheat
- shin;
- Mint, lemun tsami balm;
- masara.
Idan mai kiwon kudan zuma ya yi zargin cewa babu isassun shuke-shuken zuma ga iyalansu, sai ya shuka gonarsa ko kuma ya dauki amyar zuwa wani waje. A cikin yanki na filayen da furanni na buckwheat, sunflowers, linden itatuwa, makiyaya ko dutse makiyaya.
Samar da zuma
Wannan tsari ne mai tsawo tare da matakai da yawa. Bayan tashi, kudan zuma ya koma cikin hita. Ta mika wa wani ma’aikacin nectar da aka kawo.
- Kudan zuma mai aiki yana tauna nectar da kyau an kawo shi na dogon lokaci.
- Enzyme da aka samar yana haɗuwa tare da nectar, yana rushe hadaddun saccharide zuwa masu sauƙi.
- Ruwan zuma na gaba yana cike da ƙwayoyin cuta masu amfani waɗanda ke cikin enzymes. Wannan yana kare samfurin daga lalacewa.
- Ma’aikacin ya ajiye kayan da aka sarrafa da karyewar zumar a cikin saƙar zuma.
- Wasu daga cikin ruwan suna da kyau tare da samari na zuma, amma a hankali ana zubar da su ko kuma ana amfani da su don bukatun yankin kudan zuma. Bayan haka, samfur mai tsabta da na halitta ya kasance a kan combs.
- Kowane tantanin halitta a cikin saƙar zuma an rufe shi. Don yin wannan, yana amfani da kakin zuma wanda glandan kakin zuma ke samarwa.
Duk mutanen da suke zaune a cikin hive suna shiga cikin aikin. Me yasa ƙudan zuma ke buƙatar zuma a irin wannan adadin? A lokacin kakar, kowane daidaitaccen hive yana tattara kusan lita 40 na samfur mai mahimmanci. Wannan wajibi ne don iyali su ciyar da abincin kansu a cikin hunturu. Amma mutane sun koyi amfani da samfurin don amfanin kansu, kafin shekaru da yawa da suka wuce sun fahimci yadda ƙudan zuma ke samar da zuma da kuma yadda wannan samfurin yake da amfani.
Darajar zuma ga ƙudan zuma.
Kudan zuma na aiki a kowane lokaci don samar da samfur ga mutum, don ba shi damar samun kuɗi. Amma me yasa su kansu suke buƙatar zuma a irin wannan adadin? Bayar da abinci ga dangin ku a lokacin hunturu. Dubban mutane suna yin hibernate a cikin amya, don watanni da yawa dole ne su ciyar da abinci, samar da abinci ga sabon tsara.
Ana samun wasu daga cikin zumar da aka sarrafa a cikin ƙulle-ƙulle. Manyan ƙudan zuma a hankali suna buɗe su suna cinye su. Ana ajiye tsutsa a cikin sel iri ɗaya, waɗanda ke ciyar da samfurin iri ɗaya.
Aikin ranar mulkin kudan zuma
Kudan zuma na Scout yana aika bayanai ga ma’aikaci. Don haka komai yana faruwa dangane da yanayin.
- Lokacin da kudan zuma ya isa shukar zuma, kudan zuma yana tattara nectar. Wannan muhimmin batu ne lokacin da ƙudan zuma ke samar da zuma.
- Wani kuma ya riga ya shiga cikin hive, ya ɗauki nectar, ya tauna shi, yana haɗuwa da enzymes. Wannan yana haifar da ruwa mai danko.
- Ana ajiye samfurin da aka samu akan saƙar zuma.
- Bayan ƙafewar danshi, zuma na halitta ya kasance a cikin combs.
- Kowane tantanin halitta an rufe shi da kakin zuma.
- Don haka a hankali duk sel suna cika lokacin kakar.
Menene ke ƙayyade ingancin zuma?
Kudan zuma da kanta ba za ta taɓa shan ruwan ƙora daga shukar zuma da ta lalace ba. Quality sau da yawa ya dogara da ladabi na mai kiwon kudan zuma da wasu dalilai da yawa:
- yanayin yanayi;
- ingancin abinci na hunturu;
- jinsi
- sinadaran sinadaran;
- acidity;
- abun cikin toka.
Waɗannan alamomi ne waɗanda aka ƙaddara ƙarƙashin yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje. Babu tambaya game da ingancin zumar kudan zuma mai kyau. Sai dai ma’aikatan daji suna yin zuma ba tare da taimakon mutane ba. Saboda haka, samfurin yana da ƙima. Mutumin daji ba ya cin sukari a cikin hunturu.
Yawancin masu kiwon zuma suna amfani da sukari ko sirop don ciyar da kansu. Wannan yana yin illa ga ingancin girbi na gaba. Masu mallakin apiary nagari suna ƙoƙarin yin amfani da samfuran apiary ɗinsu kawai don waɗannan dalilai.
Dalilin yin zuma
Samar da zuma aiki ne mai sarkakiya har ma da hadari ga lafiya. Ba duka mutane ne ke iya yin hakan ba. Naku apiary shine tsayayye kuma tsayayye samun kudin shiga. Bayan haka, daidaitaccen hive yana samar da samfurin har zuwa lita 40 a cikin kakar wasa ɗaya.
Mai kiwon zuma yana samun riba ba kawai daga sayar da zuma ba. Akwai damar samun kuɗi da samfuran kudan zuma:
- Poland;
- propoles
- Royal jelly;
- kakin zuma;
- veneno
- jirgin karkashin ruwa;
- zabar.
Duk wannan yana da babban farashi, yana kawo ƙarin kudin shiga ga mai shi. Yana da mahimmanci don samun zuma, wanda ke ciyar da ƙudan zuma da mai mallakar apiary a cikin hunturu. Kiwon zuma babbar sana’a ce wadda ba kowa ba ne zai iya sarrafa ta.
