Gaskiyar darajar ‘ya’yan itacen kabewa da tsaba ba koyaushe ba ne
har ma da ƙwararrun lambu sun san shi. Misali, ba kowa bane ya ji haka a ciki
kabewa sau 4-5 fiye da β-carotene fiye da karas, wanda ya shahara da wannan
nuna alama. Kabewa tsaba karya duk records na L-arginine abun ciki
da zinc, kuma an ba da babban abun ciki na ‘ya’yan kabewa da ‘ya’yan itatuwa
tocopherol (bitamin E), kabewa za a iya kira mafi muhimmanci samfurin
a cikin maidowa da adana aikin jima’i da haihuwa a cikin maza.
Har ila yau, kabewa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin magani, abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma dafa abinci.
Ƙara zuwa wannan ƙananan adadin contraindications don amfani.
pumpkins – kuma samun cikakken samfurin.
Amfani Properties na kabewa
Haɗin kai da adadin kuzari.
Danyen kabewa ya ƙunshi (a kowace g 100): .
kalori 26 kcal
Irin
Kabewa tsaba (tsaba) ba kasa da muhimmanci bangaren ‘ya’yan itace fiye da
ɓangaren litattafan almara. Kwayoyin kabewa sun ƙunshi carotenoids, phospholipids,
phosphatides, sterols, flavonoids, bitamin daban-daban. A cikin mai, rabo
wanda shine, a matsakaita, 35-40% na iri, ya ƙunshi unsaturated,
cikakken da polyunsaturated m acid: stearic da palmitic
(a cikin duka game da 30%), linoleic (har zuwa 40-57%), oleic (25-41%).
sauran. Cikakken abun da ke ciki na tsaba kabewa.
Kwasfa
A sinadaran abun da ke ciki da kuma jiki Properties na kabewa bawo da.
sun dogara da yawa akan iri-iri kuma sun bambanta sosai, amma akwai
general alamu. Don haka, alal misali, a kan fata na kayan lambu, a matsayin mai mulkin,
ƙasa da sukari fiye da ɓangaren litattafan almara, amma mafi yawan fiber na abinci da ma’adanai
abubuwa. Abubuwan da ke cikin b-carotene a can na iya zama mafi girma. Game da
guda abun ciki na pectin abubuwa a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara da kwasfa – kusan
0,7-0,9%, ban da bitamin
С (a cikin kewayon 1,4-13,3 mg / 100 g)..
Halin halayen fata shine lokacin da ta bushe
a matakin da bai wuce 5-6% zafi ba, ƙaddamar da abubuwa
yana ƙaruwa sosai.
A magani
Kabewa da kabewa tsaba sune aka fi ambata a cikin saitin.
magunguna ga urologists, jima’i therapists da andrologists. Na farko
Bi da bi, wannan shi ne saboda babban abun ciki na zinc.
a cikin tsaba na kabewa – kusan 8-10 mg / 100 g. Mafi daidai, a cikin 30 g
Kabewa tsaba peeled daga pericarp (wannan shi ne game da 140-150
guda) na iya ƙunsar 15-20% zuwa 70-80% na buƙatun yau da kullun
jikin namiji.
Saboda wannan, kabewa tsaba suna da tasiri a kan daban-daban
tsarin jiki:
- yana shiga cikin haɗakar hormones na jima’i;
- kunna spermatogenesis kuma inganta samar da seminal
ruwa (a cikin maza bayan shekaru 44); - daidaita aikin glandar prostate;
- inganta yanayin tsarin zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
Kabewa tsaba, tare da kawa.
(10-40 mg / 100 g) da tsaba na sesame (7-11 mg / 100 g) suna cikin manyan samfuran uku.
tare da mafi girman abun ciki na zinc, wanda yake da mahimmanci kamar yadda zinc ba kawai ba
synthesizes testosterone, amma kuma tsoma baki tare da tuba
a cikin estrogen. Tare da shi kuma ana samun shi a cikin tsaba na kabewa.
Lignan zinc zai iya hana ci gaban adenoma.
prostate.
Kabewa iri – mai rikodin rikodi tsakanin samfurori da kayan lambu,
da asalin dabba don abun ciki na ƙarin kashi ɗaya –
L-arginine: 5300 mg / 100 g na samfur. Masu bincike na Faransa,
bincika amintaccen haɗin haɗin yohimbine mai inganci da inganci
L-arginine glutamate hydrochloride don dawo da haɓaka
ayyuka, sun sami ingancin haɗin gwiwa kuma sun ba da shawarar hakan
wannan shi ne saboda ikon L-arginine don rushewa zuwa oxide
Nitrogen, wanda ke haifar da fadada hanyoyin jini, ciki har da
– kuma akan azzakari.
Hakanan a cikin kabewa, a matsakaici, sau 4-5 fiye da β-carotene fiye da a ciki
karas
Karkashin taken haihuwa na namiji, a cikin bayyani kan abubuwan da suka shafi abinci mai gina jiki.
yana shafar haihuwa na namiji, tabbatacce
Matsayin β-carotene a cikin motsi na ci gaba da tattarawar maniyyi.,
hakama lambar ku..
A ƙarshe, duka ɓangaren litattafan almara da ƙwayoyin kabewa sun ƙunshi babban
adadin bitamin
E, wanda aka sani da tocopherol, wanda ke fassara daga Girkanci
kamar yadda “haifa zuriya.” Nazarin ya tabbatar da raguwa a cikin
Haɗarin asthenozoospermia (raguwar ƙwayar cuta a cikin motsin maniyyi)
ta hanyar cin abinci tare da wannan bitamin (tare da bitamin
D y C)..
Kabewa tsaba ana amfani da ko’ina a pharmacology da
Kariyar abinci. Alal misali, a cikin tsari na Kabewa Seed a cikin takardar sayan magani
hadaddun aikin antiulcer, hepatoprotective
(kare hanta) da choleretic a yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, ana lura da shi
cewa wakili yana rage yaduwa (yawan nama, neoplasms)
sel na prostate gland shine yake. An kuma ambaci anti-mai kumburi.
sakamako da aikin anthelmintic dangane da tef helminths..
An ɗauka cewa babban ɓangaren da ke ba da izinin miyagun ƙwayoyi
fada
tare da parasites, ƙunshe a cikin wani bakin ciki mai launin toka-koren kabewa
iri. Don deworming, yi amfani da decoction na 500 grams na
tsaba (adult allurai), da za a bugu a kan komai a ciki da kuma, bayan 2 hours
Bayan an sha, an zubar da esophagus tare da laxative na saline.
Abin sha’awa, ana nuna belching mai laushi azaman sakamako na gefe.
wani lokacin kuma zawo. Amma a cikin ‘gidaje’ na kabewa shuka tsaba, gauraye
tare da ruwan tumatir rawaya, chilli da koko, Aztecs da aka yi amfani da su
don kawai a rabu da gudawa. Cakuda tsaba da barkono a hade.
tare da ganye daban-daban an yi amfani dashi don “cututtukan ƙirji.”
Against parasites (zagaye da tapeworms) kabewa tsaba,
Tare da fern, an kuma yi amfani da su a cikin magungunan jama’a. Ina,
saboda kasa aiki fiye da fern, da kuma saboda
babu illa, bakan da aka fadada sosai
Aikace-aikace: Magunguna na tushen kabewa an ba su duka yara da
tsofaffi da mata masu ciki.
Kabewa ɓangaren litattafan almara a cikin kantin magani ana amfani da ƙasa sau da yawa, kuma yafi
a matsayin tushen carotene. A cikin magungunan jama’a, ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na kabewa da ɓangaren litattafan almara.
an wajabta shi don cututtukan metabolism, don cututtukan hanta,
zuciya, da kuma a matsayin diuretic. Don wannan ana amfani da shi
danyen kabewa: rabin kilo na gwangwani gwangwani ko rabin kofi
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace matsi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara. Godiya ga ruwan ‘ya’yan itace (kofuna 0,5 / rana),
an kawar da edema, aikin hanji yana inganta;
excretion na gishiri daga jiki.
A cikin karni na XNUMX, abin da ake kira Noma na Byzantine
encyclopedia da aka rubuta da harshen Helenanci mai suna “Geopony”
(“Geoponics” sunan gamayya ne ga marubutan da suka rubuta a baya
akan al’amuran agronomic). A cikin wannan encyclopedia, an ambaci kabewa.
ruwan ‘ya’yan itace da ake digowa a cikin kunnuwa don rigakafin cututtukan kunne. Mai kama
Ita ma Avicenna tana da shawara. Har ila yau, an ba da shawarar kabewa a nan.
don samar da ‘aikin laxative’.
Wani “tsohuwar” ambaton ‘ya’yan itacen kabewa da ake amfani da su a magani
dalilai, wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin littafin likita na ƙarni na XNUMX-XNUMX, wanda aka sani ƙarƙashin
takaice sunan “Vertograd Cool”. Rubutun Rashanci
An fassara daga Yaren mutanen Poland don Gimbiya Sofia, amma daga baya
an yada bayanan sosai kuma sun yi amfani da littafin likita
ba kawai masu sihiri ba, har ma har zuwa ƙarshen karni na XNUMX, masu mallakar ƙasa sun sadaukar da su
warkar da kai a gida. A cikin wannan koyawa, kabewa
an ba da shawarar ‘ya’yan itace ga waɗanda hanta ta “kumbura” daga “babban zafi”
ko kumbura.
Don amfani da waje, za a ba da shawarar damfara ruwan kabewa.
tare da kuna,
psoriasis,
dermatitis
Tare da cututtukan periodontal, ana bada shawarar ruwan ‘ya’yan itace don wanke baki.
En cosmetology
Da zarar Aesculapians sun ba da shawarar kabewa a matsayin magani
kawar da freckles. A zamani cosmetology na gida ma
za ka iya samun girke-girke don sauƙaƙa shekaru tabo ta amfani da
porridge da aka yi da ƙwayar kabewa da aka niƙa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa suke ɗauka
a tablespoon na tsaba, gauraye da wannan adadin m
madara, cokali na ruwan lemun tsami da zuma, a bar shi a yi aiki
Minti 15, bayan haka an wanke shi da ruwan sanyi.
Jafananci da kuma Korean cosmetologists, sananne ga tasiri
Girke-girke na haske creams da serums ya kamata kuma
yi amfani da mai cire kabewa don wannan. Koyaya, yawancin
Ba a haɗa su da sanannun kirim mai walƙiya, kayan kabewa. AMMA
wadancan kayan kwalliyar da aka yi su bisa kabewa
hoods galibi ana ba da su azaman masu moisturizers.
Duk da haka, wannan gefen yana samuwa a cikin kwaskwarima na gida.
Hade da kwai gwaiduwa,
Zuma da madara daidai gwargwado, ana amfani da ɗanyen ɓangaren litattafan kabewa.
a cikin abin rufe fuska mai gina jiki don bushe fata kuma a hade tare da farin kwai
– a cikin abin rufe fuska don fata mai laushi.
Tsaba da bawo a cikin porridge, lokacin da aka diluted da ruwa daidai gwargwado
1 cikin 10, shafa kan gashi don cire tsaga. Domin
wannan, bayan yin amfani da abin rufe fuska, rufe kai da tawul na rabin sa’a.
bayan an wanke shi da ruwan sabulu.
A cikin binciken kimiyya
Mai wadatar bitamin da ma’adanai daban-daban suna yin kabewa
kuma irinsa sanannen batu ne na binciken kimiyya. Yau
rana masana kimiyya gudanar da gano cewa harsashi na kabewa tsaba –
m anthelmintic wakili.ita kanta iri tana bada gudummuwa
kare jiki daga ci gaban prostate adenoma, yana taimakawa
kara yawan maniyyi da motsi..
Hakanan, tsaba na kabewa sune tushen
magnesium. Masu binciken sun kammala cewa wannan ma’adinai na musamman
yana sa shawar bitamin D ya yiwu. Idan ba tare da shi ba, bitamin na iya tarawa
a jiki, amma ba shi da tasiri mai kyau.
A wannan yanayin, zai iya ciwo, kamar yadda amfani da bitamin na musamman.
kari zai iya haifar da tsalle mara ƙarfi a cikin matakan calcium
da phosphorus..
Zinc a cikin tsaba na kabewa yana taimakawa hanawa
ci gaban ciwon daji na esophageal. Masana kimiyyar Amurka sun gano wannan
Irin wannan nau’in zinc yana da mummunar tasiri akan kwayoyin cutar kansa, amma a lokaci guda
baya shafar sauran kwayoyin halitta a jiki. Masu bincike sun bayyana
irin wannan al’amari shine haɗin gwiwa na musamman tsakanin zinc da calcium. Yanayin wannan haɗin
ya rage a tantance, amma ya riga ya bayyana cewa zinc yana amsawa
zuwa siginar calcium “aika” daga kwayoyin cutar kansa..
Gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya sun nuna cewa ɓangaren litattafan almara na iya kuma
taimakawa wajen yaki da cutar daji. Babban
abun ciki na beta-cryptoxanthin (provitamin A) yana ba da gudummawa ga
Hana ci gaban ciwon huhu. Yayin gwaje-gwajen
a cikin mice, masana kimiyya sun iya tabbatar da cewa tasirin abun ciki
a wasu nau’ikan taba da e-ruwa
Kwayar cutar sankara da aka samu daga nicotine an kawar da ita saboda karami
provitamin A sashi..
Masana kimiyya kuma suna gudanar da bincike wanda zai iya taimakawa a nan gaba.
don fuskantar daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin ido na zamaninmu
– Macular degeneration hade da shekaru. Wannan yana iya yiwuwa godiya ga
kasancewar carotenoid zeaxanthin a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara..
A cikin bincike na kasa, masana kimiyya suna ba da kulawa ta musamman
Regenerative ayyuka na kabewa mai tsantsa. An same shi,
fiye da tsantsa mai 50% mafi inganci, fiye da yau da kullun
aikace-aikacen yana rage lokacin warkar da raunuka a cikin dabbobi da 22%..
Baya ga tasiri mai amfani kai tsaye akan jiki, kabewa yana da
da kuma illolin kai tsaye ga lafiyar ɗan adam. Don haka masu bincike
Amurka An Sami Busashen Bawon Kabewa da Tsari Mai Tasiri
mai tsarkake ruwa. Bayan tafasa da bushewa, an sanya su a ciki
ruwa tare da ions gubar, wanda a zahiri
gaba daya ya nutsu a cikin “kwalliya tace”. Kuma a hade tare da
peeled avocado
da lemon tsami,
yana ƙara haɓaka aiki. Irin wannan hanya mai sauƙi da sauƙi don tsaftacewa.
na iya zama ainihin ceto ga ƙasashen duniya na uku inda
akwai karancin ruwan sha..
A cikin ilimin abinci
Masana abinci mai gina jiki wani lokaci suna nufin kabewa a matsayin cikakkiyar kayan lambu. Shahararren dan Ukrainian
Masanin abinci mai gina jiki Oksana Skitalinskaya a cikin shirye-shiryenta na abinci mai gina jiki ya dogara ne akan
ga ra’ayi cewa aikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya dogara da abincin ɗan adam:
wasu abinci, gami da squash, na iya haɗawa da
da kashe abubuwan gado. Ana amfani da kabewa a cikin wannan mahallin
mai gina jiki don cimma tasirin antitumor, da
a matsayin kashi na abinci don
gastritis da kuma gallbladder cututtuka. O. Skitalinskaya ya yi bikin
da tasirin kabewa akan metabolism. A cewar masanin abinci mai gina jiki, kabewa yana cikin abincin.
normalizes metabolism, taimaka mai don rasa nauyi da kuma rasa nauyi
– kara nauyi.
Kabewa wani bangare ne na “cin abinci” na likitanci (likitan kwakwalwa)
Alan Hirsch, wanda ke binciken tasirin
wari a cikin sanin mutum da ilimin halittar jiki. Shirin gyarawa
nauyin ya dogara ne akan da’awar cewa wasu warin abinci “kawar”
ci da rage gudu da aiwatar da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na ciki. Sabanin haka,
misali, kore apple, Mint,
ayaba da karin kamshi 12, kamshin kabewa baya rage sha’awa, amma
da aka yi amfani da shi a farkon kashi na abinci, lokacin da mai haƙuri ya koya
kar a hada wari a cikin abinci.
A matsayin kayan lambu “marasa sitaci”, kabewa an haɗa shi a cikin abun da ke cikin shahararrun.
ko da yake wani ɓangare na kwanan wata ta hanyar abincin Montignac. Ka’idodin abinci mai gina jiki
Likitan Faransanci sun dogara ne akan ra’ayin normalization na metabolism
matakai saboda gabatarwar wasu ƙuntatawa a cikin haɗuwa
samfurori. Misali, abincin ya hana hada kitse da carbohydrates.
“A cikin tasa”. Bugu da kari, a cewar Montignac, carbohydrates “tabbatacce”,
kunshe, ko da a cikin kabewa, yana yiwuwa kuma ya zama dole, da kuma “mara kyau”
(sukari, barasa, kayan zaki, da sauransu) – a’a.
Nazarin Ma’aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka
ya tabbatar da hasashen cewa abinci mai wadatar kabewa,
iya rage ci, saboda yawan adadin fiber.
Kabewa da ƙananan kalori abinci (misali kofi na Boiled
kabewa puree ya ƙunshi kimanin adadin kuzari 50). Hakanan a cikin jita-jita
Tare da squash, mutane “sun ci” ƙasa da mai da adadin kuzari daga sauran abincin.
Lokacin da ake yin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace, ana haɗe squash da wasu
kayan lambu, alal misali, tare da karas. Duk da haka, don inganta dandano
halayen abin sha kuma, mafi mahimmanci, inganta haɓakar β-carotene
da kuma narkar da bitamin, ƙara kadan zuwa gilashin ruwan ‘ya’yan itace matsi
kirim mai tsami.
Kitsen da ke cikin su yana taimakawa wajen daidaita abubuwa masu amfani.
A cikin dafa abinci
Ana amfani da kusan komai a cikin kabewa, gami da furanni da ganye.
dafa abinci a kicin. Misali, kabewa ta yi fure a ciki
ana ɗaukar kullu a matsayin abincin gargajiya na Italiyanci
dakin kicin. Ana amfani da kabewa wajen yin kirim da miya.
Wuri mafi daraja shi ne abincin kabewa a cikin Armeniya.
dakin girki. Anan akwai al’adar bikin aure da sauran lokuta na musamman.
ayyukan dafa abinci cike da shinkafa, goro, da busassun ‘ya’yan itatuwa
kabewa. Ana kiran wannan tasa “Hapama”.
Ga Hapama, an yanke saman ‘ya’yan itace tare da wutsiya don haka
sashi yayi kama da murfi. An cire ɓangaren litattafan almara da tsaba da sakamakon
Ana lullube ramin da zuma da kirfa a aika zuwa tanda na tsawon awa 1
a gasa har sai ɓawon ya yi launin ruwan zinari kuma naman ya yi laushi.
Gasasshen goro da gyada a soya a cikin man shanu
a haxa shi da shinkafa sannan a jera su a cikin kabewar da aka shirya a cikin yadudduka.
kowanne daga cikinsu an rufe shi da zuma. ‘Lid’ ya rufe da mai
man shanu, ‘ya’yan itacen yana gasa na kimanin minti 40 zuwa
cikakken tsari.
Don kabewa mai matsakaici, kuna buƙatar gilashin shinkafa 1,
100 grams na almond
gyada da zuma, dan kankanin gwangwani, zabibi da busassun abarba, 50
grams na man shanu da teaspoon na kirfa.
Wani muhimmin yanayin dafuwa na kabewa shine ikon su
Kusan gaba ɗaya suna riƙe kaddarorinsu masu amfani ko da bayan
Gudanarwa. Masana kimiyya daga Cibiyar Guadalajara sun bincika duka
nau’ikan kabewa don dafa don tantance ta wace hanya
dafa abinci yana rage ko ƙara yawan abubuwan amfani na wannan
kayan lambu. A cewar ma’aikaciyar cibiyar Jessica Del Pillar
Ramirez Anayat, ko da soya yana da illa kawai saboda abin da ke cikin samfurin
wuce haddi mai ya rage. Idan an bar mai ya zube bayan dafa abinci.
amfanin kabewa jita-jita an tabbatar da ya wuce m
lalacewa daga soya. Bugu da kari, amfani da man kuma yana inganta
β-carotene narkewa..
Hatsari Properties na kabewa da kuma contraindications
Abubuwan da ke cutarwa na kabewa suna da wuya a tattauna kuma galibi
ko dai daga zagi ko barazanar nitrate.
Kabewa na iya tara nitrates, musamman idan aka yi amfani da su a masana’antu.
samarwa a kasashen da ake amfani da aikin noma sosai
takin mai magani da magungunan kashe qwari. Amma har ma ga wannan alamar, ba a haɗa kabewa ba.
daga cikin samfurori tare da mafi girman damar tara lalacewa
abubuwa, wakiltar ƙungiyar haɗari “matsakaici” tare da abun ciki na nitrate
kimanin 300-600 mg / kg tare da matsakaicin ƙimar da aka halatta kusan
500 MG kowace rana. (Mafi girman iyaka na al’ada shine kusan 5 MG
ga kowane kilogiram na nauyin mutum).
Duk da haka, mutane da exacerbations kada su ci danyen kabewa.
matakai masu kumburi a cikin ciki, pancreas, bile
mafitsara da hanji. Shawarar likita na mutum ɗaya ya zama dole
rashin lafiya a gaban gastritis tare da low acidity,
colic na hanji, hawan jini.
Tare da ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na kabewa, kamar yadda tare da kowane, ya kamata ku motsa jiki
ƙuntatawa. A cewar wasu masana abinci mai gina jiki, ya isa ga babba
Gilashin 1-2 a mako.
Mun tattara mahimman bayanai game da fa’idodi da haɗarin kabewa da tsaba.
a cikin wannan misalin kuma za mu yi godiya sosai idan kun raba
hoto a shafukan sada zumunta, tare da hanyar haɗi zuwa shafinmu:
bayanai na sha’awa
Amfani mara kyau
A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban, ana yin jita-jita na ƙasa daga busasshen kabewa.
kayan kida. Sautin sa da sautin sa sun dogara da siffar ‘ya’yan itace.
Miki Shunji na Jafananci ya ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar makaɗar kabewa gabaɗaya, amma tun a gabansa
An san kayan aikin da aka yi da wannan kayan lambu. Sai na farko
Misalai na kayan kirtani na Farisa “rud” an yi su daga gourd,
kuma daga baya kayan aikin da aka riga aka yi da itace, sun yi kama
siffa kabewa. A cikin aikin wakokin gargajiya na Afirka
ana amfani da kayan kaɗa irin na maracas (idiophone) ƙarƙashin
sunan “shekere.” Ana kuma yin shi daga busasshen kabewa.
A hanyar da ba ta dace ba ga Turawa, ana amfani da kabewa a Indiya,
inda aka kama birai da shi. Don kama dabbobi, ana jan hankalin su
shinkafa, wacce ake ciyar da ita a cikin ’ya’yan itace ta wani kunkuntar rami da aka toka.
kwatankwacin diamita da diamita na kafar biri. Dabbar tana matsi
tafin hannu a cikin ramin bayan maganin, ya damke ” ganima” a cikin hannu, amma ya tsaya waje
tafi da hannu ba zai iya ƙara, kuma sau da yawa ba ya son bude hannu.
Abin da ya rage ga mai karba shi ne ya taso kusa da irin wannan biri mai kwadayin ya kama shi cikin sauki.
ta, domin, ana “daure” ga kayan lambu mai nauyi, ƙananan
dabbar ba ta iya tserewa.
“Kabewa” records
Kabewa ana dauke da mafi girma Berry. A fannin noma daban-daban
bikin baje kolin gasa na manoma na musamman kan amfanin gona
‘ya’yan itatuwa masu girma, ƙimar rikodin shekaru 30 da suka gabata sun girma
sau 6. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin 1981 yana yiwuwa a shawo kan matsalar
Kafin haka, rikodin 207 kg. Kabewa ya lashe gasar a waccan shekarar.
da nauyi na 225 kg. Nasarar har ma ta baiwa manomi damar ba da izinin “wanda ya ci nasara”
a matsayin tsayayyen iri-iri da ake kira Dill’s Atlantic Giant. Daga baya
kwata na karni a cikin 2007 lokacin da wani rikodin kabewa ya auna
Ma’auni sun nuna nauyin riga na 760 kg. Kuma ko da kasa da goma
shekaru, wani sabon rikodin darajar ya 1190,5 kg.
Wani manomi mai kima na farko mai suna Mattias Willemains
Willemyens) daga Belgium ya yarda cewa don girma giant
‘Ya’yan itacen da takin zamani suka taimaka. Amma Matthias, duk da haka, bai ƙidaya ba
mafi dagewa kuma shahararren manomi ya kware wajen nuni
samfurori. Misali, Oliver Langeim (Jamus) ma ya sami sunan barkwanci
“Pumpkin Ollie” daidai saboda gaskiyar cewa ya ci gaba da girma
girma pumpkins ga gasa.
Gadon al’adu
A matsayin sifa, kabewa yana ɗaukar matakin tsakiya a cikin bikin
Halloween (Halloween). All Saints’ Day bikin da Katolika
Nuwamba 1, shine sakamakon cakuda Gaelic da Roman Katolika
hadisai – sakamakon canji na d ¯ a Irish da Scots
al’ada. A cikin duniyar zamani, ana bikin biki a duk ƙasashe inda
Ana jin tasirin al’adun Amurka da Ingilishi.
Ɗaya daga cikin alamun da aka fi sani da Halloween shine kabewa mara kyau tare da ramuka,
kwaikwayon muguwar fuska, fallasa a kofar gida tare da a
kyandir a ciki. Ta wannan hanyar, ana kiran sifa “Jack-Lantern.”
ya da Jack-o’-lantern. Ya tashi godiya ga
zuwa ga tatsuniyar Irish na maƙeri mai haɗama: Jack bugu. Wannan hali
a lokacin rayuwarsa ya yaudari shaidan sau da yawa.
Alal misali, wani maƙeri yana shan giya tare da Shaiɗan a masauki, da kuma lokacin da
lokacin biya, ana ba da shawarar a canza shi zuwa kuɗi.
Iblis ya yarda, amma lokacin da canji ya faru, Jack ya saka
tsabar kudi a cikin aljihunka zuwa giciye na azurfa, wanda ya hana shaidan iko
kuma na dogon lokaci bai ba shi damar gano asalin ba
kallo. Don yantar da kansa, Shaiɗan ya yi wa Jack alkawari cewa zai miƙa wuya.
na ransa bayan mutuwa. A sakamakon haka, lokacin da maƙerin ya mutu, ya kasance kamar haka
ba a yarda mai zunubi ya shiga aljanna ba, kuma bisa ga yarjejeniya, ba a yarda da shi ba
a cikin wuta. Don nemo purgatory, Jack ya ɗauki guntun shan taba da aka jefa
shaidan ya kai masa daga karshe, kuma ya sanya haske a cikin wata kwarkwata, ya tafi
a kan tafiya marar iyaka (a cikin ɗayan nau’ikan tatsuniyoyi – tare da kabewa ko
turnips maimakon kai).
A tsawon lokaci, ya juya cewa hoton da aka yi da kabewa mai dacewa
alamar bikin, ya fara yin ayyuka da yawa lokaci guda.
- 1Ayyukan Beacon. A cikin alamar tsohuwar
Celtic hutu kabewa fitila (asali don wannan
yana amfani da turnip da kohlrabi) misali ne na gidan wuta wanda ke taimakon rayuka
nemo hanyar purgatory.. - 2Matsayin mai tsaron gida. Mummunan cuta
physiognomy sanya ta hanyar yanke ta cikin harsashi na waje
Shararrun kayan lambu na “ido”, “baki” da wani lokacin “hanci” yakamata ya kasance yana barazana
Fuskar fuska da hasken kyandir da ke fitowa daga ciki don tsorata.
daga gidan mugayen ruhohi masu zuwa
duniyar mutane..
A cikin tsarin sa na yau da kullun, “Jack-Lantern” ya riga ya bayyana a farkon rabin.
Karni na 40 (kusan XNUMXs), amma haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi zuwa Halloween
haske slotted kabewa samu a farkon 70s na XNUMXth karni.
Kuna iya sanin tsarin samar da Jack-Lantern a cikin bidiyon horo.
Kabewa kuma yana yin aikin mai karewa daga mugayen ruhohi a cikin sihiri
al’adu na kasashen kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A can, tare da taimakon su, za ku iya jawo hankali
zuwa gidan arziki da wadata. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yanke saman ‘ya’yan itacen,
lissafta kabewa daga tsaba, cika rami tare da tsabar kudi da wuri
wannan sifa ta al’ada a kofar gidan. A Tailandia, kabewa sau da yawa
ake kira kalmar ‘faktong’, wadda za a iya fassara ta a matsayin’ zinariya
ajiya”.
A kasar Sin, ‘ya’yan itatuwa na Lagenaria (kuma aka sani da “gourd tukunya” da
“Gorlyanka”) shima ya dade yana jan hankalin mutane
gidan wadata. Amma, ban da wannan, mascot na kabewa, wanda ake kira
Hu-lu ya ba wa matasa ma’aurata da maza da suka manyanta haihuwa haihuwa.
ya sake farfado da shakuwar da take yi.
A matsayin daya daga cikin kayan lambu na yau da kullun, kabewa ya bayyana
a cikin tatsuniyoyi daban-daban, haka nan a cikin tatsuniyoyi na adabi da shahararru:
- A cikin labarin Cinderella na kabewa, aljana ta ƙirƙiri karusar tare da ƙwanƙwasa sihirinta.
- Fat Anti Pumpkin hali ne a cikin tatsuniyar al’ummar kasar Sin.
- A cikin aikin Gianni Rodari, ubangidan Pumpkin ya kasance dattijo mai kulawa.
- A cikin kwatankwacin Laotian na labarin Tufana, wani tsuntsu mai banmamaki
ya gargadi masu adalci game da ambaliya mai zuwa, godiya ga wanda
shi da iyalansa sun yi nasarar buya a cikin wata katuwar kabewa, inda ya jira
daga baya. Bayan ruwan ya huce, sai salihai suka shuka kabewa
iri, kuma daga ‘ya’yan itatuwa da aka noma daga baya sun zo mutanen Khmer da Mon.
Kabewa abubuwan tunawa
- A Sochi (Rasha) a Dandalin Fasaha kusa da Khudozhestvenny
gidan kayan gargajiya yana da benci da aka yi shi da siffar yanki na kabewa mai ƙafa ɗaya
kusa da ‘ya’yan itacen da aka yanka. - A cikin birnin Golaya Pristan (Ukraine) a cikin 2013 a kan embankment aka bude
Abin tunawa ga kabewa, a matsayin wata alama ta yankin Kherson, sanannen
kankana da kabewa. Kabewa a nan ya yi kama da mai kiba mai gashin baki
tare da affable “fuska”. - A cikin Urawa City (Japan, Saitama Prefecture) a wani abin tunawa
An hada kayan lambu biyu a lokaci guda, kabewa da dankalin turawa, wanda ya ceci manoma a cikin
awa. A cikin abun da ke ciki, baƙauye ya sunkuya a gaban ƙaramin kabewa.
rike da bunch of sweet dankali.
Asalin Sunan
Kalmar “kabewa(A cewar ƙamus na masanin harsuna na Rasha Lev
Uspensky, kazalika da ƙamus na Jamusanci da masanin harshe Slavist Max
Vasmer) yana da manyan nau’ikan asali guda biyu. Bisa ga sigar farko,
«kabewa«Yana da wanda aka samu daga na kowa Slavic kalmar» tyky «.
(“Fat”), wanda, bi da bi, yana hade da kalmar “tykati” – “kiba.”
A cewar wani sigar, kalmar ta zama lamuni daga Pelasgian-Frankish
harshe, tun daga Indo-Turai ‘kūku’, wanda ke fassara azaman’ plump
tayi”. Ana ganin wannan ƙamus ɗin mai yiwuwa ne a cikin ƙamus.
Nikolai Shansky.
Historia
Abubuwan da aka gano na archaeological a cikin kwarin Oaxaca a cikin yankin
Modern Mexico, an ce namo na kabewa
saboda tsaba, ɓangaren litattafan almara da kayan kayan gida, mutane sun yi alkawari,
bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, 5,5-8 shekaru dubu da suka wuce.… A cikin ƙasa,
mallakar Aztecs, wannan kayan lambu a karon farko a tarihin zamani
An gano Turai ta masu neman da suka zo Amurka daga Tsohuwar Duniya.
kasada da matsugunan da suka gabatar da kasarsu cikin sauri
tare da sabon shuka. A cikin littafin liturgical daga 1505, wanda aka sani da
Littafin Sa’o’i na Anne na Breton ya ƙunshi kayan ado amma na gaske
hoton mai tushe, furanni da ‘ya’yan itatuwa na kabewa. Amma, yin hukunci da Byzantine
ambaton kabewa a cikin XNUMXth karni kafofin, game da wannan kayan lambu a cikin Tsohon Duniya
mutane sun san abubuwa da yawa kafin tafiyar Columbus.
A cikin wallafe-wallafen kimiyya na Turai, an fara bayanin kabewa a tsakiya.
Karni na XNUMX a cikin mahimman ayyukan ɗan limamin Franciscan Bernardino
na Sahaguna, wanda ya tashi a kan aikin ilimi a 1529
zuwa Sabuwar Duniya, inda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya sadaukar da kansa ga nazarin yanayin nahiyar.
tsarin zamantakewa na Aztecs, kimiyya da al’adunsu. Littattafai jere
na littafinsa na kimiyya Bernardino de Sahagún sadaukar da tambayoyi
magunguna da kayan lambu, suna kwatanta, a tsakanin sauran tsire-tsire, kabewa a matsayin wani abu
Sha’awar dafuwa na asali da kuma albarkatun ƙasa don masana’anta
magungunan gida..
A cikin karni na sha shida, kabewa “Amurka” ya bayyana a cikin Tsohon Duniya.
yana yaduwa cikin sauri ta cikin Turai (sai dai kasashen arewa) da Asiya.
A farkon karni na sha bakwai, kayan lambu sun fara la’akari da abinci.
al’ada. Kusan lokaci guda, kabewa ya fara girma.
da kuma., wanda a yau yana daya daga cikin biyar mafi inganci
kasashe masu samarwa. Wuri na farko a cikin kima ta tazara mai faɗi
na sauran ƙasashe shine China (kusan 28,7% na kasuwar duniya),
a matsayi na biyu Indiya (19,7%), a matsayi na uku Rasha (4,8%), a cikin
na hudu – Ukraine (4,3%), na biyar – Amurka (3,4%). Arewacin Turai
da Biritaniya saboda dadewar lokacin girma
kabewa don dalilai na yanayi ba su dace da noma ba
wannan al’ada.
Duk da yaduwar ‘ya’yan itace a Turai, man kabewa
An fara samar da taro a makara, kawai a farkon karni na XNUMX.
Na farko da aka ambata ambaton ya koma 1739. A cikin takardu
A kan gadon da aka samu a Austrian Styria (jahohin tarayya
a kudu maso gabashin kasar), an ambaci fam 14 na man fetur na gado,
wanda a wannan yanki har yanzu ana kiransa “koren zinare.”
Maria Theresa ta Ostiriya, Archduchess na Austria da Sarauniyar Bohemia
da Hungary, ‘yan shekaru kafin mutuwarsa a 1773, a matsayin wani ɓangare na
aikin sake fasalin sassan tattalin arziki daban-daban, wanda aka ba da umarnin
amfani da man kabewa ba a matsayin kayan abinci ba, amma a ciki
a matsayin tushen warkewa ga man shafawa. A cikin shekarun nan an yi la’akari
da yiwuwar amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin harkokin soja.
Rabawa
Suman shuka ne na shekara-shekara tare da taproot mai rassa,
tsayi mai tsayi (har zuwa mita 8) kuma tare da manyan ganye (har zuwa 25 cm),
an rufe su da m gashi. ‘Ya’yan itãcen marmari ne na berries da
kabewa ce mai siffar zobe ko kwankwaso musamman
tare da santsi fata. Duk ‘ya’yan itatuwa na iyalin Suman ana kiran su “Pumpkins”,
amma, dangane da iri-iri, suna iya samun siffofi daban-daban.
size, nauyi, launi, sinadaran abun da ke ciki, fata kauri,
adadin tsaba, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da dai sauransu.
Masu shayarwa suna da nau’ikan squash iri-iri, amma,
a kowane hali, akwai aƙalla da dama. Yawancin lokaci komai
Bambance-bambancen iri ya kasu kashi uku:
Manyan-ya’yan itace.
Wannan nau’in yana wakilta ba kawai ta mafi girma ba, har ma da mafi dadi.
‘ya’yan itatuwa. Abubuwan sukari iri daban-daban na iya kaiwa 15%, wanda ya wuce,
misali, abun ciki na sukari na kankana mai zaki. Wadannan kabewa sun fi sauran.
suna jure wa canje-canje a yanayin zafi kuma ana adana su daidai ba tare da ɗakunan ajiya ba
a cikin wani sashi.
Mai taurin kai.
‘Ya’yan itãcen wannan nau’in ba su bambanta da girman ba, amma a cikin kauri mai kauri
crunchy. Ƙunƙarar ma’auni mai wuya ya haɗa da squash (siffa kamar diski
‘ya’yan itãcen marmari) da zucchini (tare da ‘ya’yan itace elongated). An yi imani
daidai irin nau’in gourds masu tauri suna da mafi kyawun iri. Kabewa
wannan nau’in yana balaga da wuri – riga a ƙarshen Agusta – farkon Satumba.
Muscat.
Ana daukar kabewa mafi koshin lafiya kuma mafi dadi. Shugaban makaranta
rashin amfaninsa shine thermophilia hade da marigayi balaga. ON
layin tsakiya. Waɗannan kabewa na iya zama ba su da lokacin yin girma.
Don haka, a cikin yankunan arewa, ana shuka su ta hanyar tsiro kuma.
a yanayin yanayi mara kyau, ana zubar da su ba tare da balagagge ba.
Har ila yau, squash na iya girma a wajen guna.
Lokacin zabar ‘ya’yan itatuwa, kuna buƙatar fahimtar wane nau’in wannan ko
daban-daban, saboda wasu ‘ya’yan itatuwa sun fi dacewa da dafa abinci
wani tasa a wani lokaci, wasu kuma ƙasa. Misali,
ga magoya bayan ruwan ‘ya’yan itace na kabewa da gasa kayan lambu, yana da kyau a zabi nutmeg
da manyan ‘ya’yan itace iri.
Daban-daban iri-iri na kabewa na nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan iri suna da girma sosai. Kowa
Mai noma ɗaya zai iya yin nasu Top 5 musamman kabewa.
Kuma ƙimar da aka bayar a ƙasa don kwatanta bambancin ya haɗa da
nau’ikan sun bambanta sosai da juna a cikin bayyanar.
- 1 Marina ta Chioggia.
Ana iya gane nau’in nutmeg na Italiyanci cikin sauƙi saboda m da wrinkled
kashin da ke rufe ‘ya’yan chalmoid. Launin fata na iya bambanta
a cikin shuɗi-kore bakan. Suman girma har zuwa 10-12 kg kuma ba tare da asara ba.
Ana iya adana maki sama da shekara guda. Halaye da kyakkyawan dandano
da sitaci, shi ya sa ake yawan ba da shi danye
siffar ba tare da ƙarin maganin zafi ba. - 2 Sun yi amfani da “Red Sun”.
Iri-iri na nau’in nau’in ‘ya’yan itace ne mai girma, amma gabaɗaya ‘ya’yan itatuwa suna girma
kananan size, yin la’akari game da 2-3 kg. Kayan lambu yana da yawa
rawaya ɓangaren litattafan almara. Ana iya adana shi har zuwa hutun Sabuwar Shekara,
ba tare da rasa dandano ba. Ya bambanta a cikin ‘ya’yan itatuwa orange masu haske.
tare da elongated wuyansa. Wani lokaci ana iya ganin fuskar orange ta hanyar
kore ratsi. - 3 “kwari”.
“Baby” yana girma har zuwa 1-3 kg kuma, ko da yake a cikin siffar yana kama da classic
kabewa, aristocratic haske launin toka, kusan fari tsaye a waje
daga cikin sanannun ‘ya’yan itace orange. Iri-iri yana da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma
haske rawaya mai dadi ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da m daidaito. - 4 Vitamina.
Wannan squash yana da gajeriyar ‘ya’yan itacen oval masu matsakaicin nauyi.
game da 4-6,5 kg. Fatar iri-iri tana da kyau kore mai launin rawaya,
wanda a cikin ripening tsari fara juya launin ruwan kasa ko rawaya. Don kiyayewa
watakila kafin farkon bazara, kusan ba tare da rasa dandano mai daɗi da taushi ba
(abin ciki na sukari har zuwa 7%) ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda a cikin wannan nau’in ya kusan ja
launuka. Masu ilimin abinci mai gina jiki suna darajanta saboda babban abun ciki na carotene, don haka
ana yawan amfani dashi a cikin abincin jarirai. - 5 Invierno Gribovskaya.
Iri-iri ya bambanta duka a bayyanar da dandano. Abun ciwon sukari
Dankin mai kauri kuma mai ɗanɗano ya kai 10-10,5%. Kabewa na wannan iri-iri suna girma
har zuwa 3-4 kg kuma suna da siffar zobe. Grey Jawo mara kyau da
Ƙunƙarar ruwan lemu mai haske yana haifar da bambanci na ado mai ban mamaki.
Hakanan akwai nau’ikan kabewa na ado na musamman waɗanda ake girma
ba don dandano ba, har ma don haɗuwa da kayan lambu daban-daban:
cabaxone (haɗin zucchini da squash), kabewa
(kabewa da zucchini mix) da sauran hybrids.
Zabi da ajiya
Abubuwan da ake so na wannan ko irin wannan nau’in kabewa lokacin zabar sun dogara da manufofin.
Sau da yawa, kayan lambu masu launin toka da ga alama ba su da kyau suna da daɗi kuma
lafiya fiye da manya, ‘ya’yan itatuwa masu launi masu yawa. Saboda haka, lokacin zabar, ana shiryar da su
ba sosai a cikin ” cikakke” al’amari kamar yadda a cikin bukatun da girke-girke. Domin
Yawancin jita-jita na lokacin rani ana zabar su tare da dafaffe, stewed ko soyayyen ɓangaren litattafan almara.
iri mai wuya, don yin burodin ɓangaren litattafan almara – nutmeg da manyan ‘ya’yan itatuwa,
don saka a cikin raw salads – zaki da irin launin toka ‘ya’yan itace,
don shirye-shiryen ‘ya’yan itace sabo: kowane cultivar na nutmeg.
An yi imani da cewa za a iya adana ƙwanƙwasa cikakke, bayan an cire shi daga guna.
har zuwa shekaru 2. An bayyana wannan ra’ayi, alal misali, ta wani ma’aikaci na All-Russian
Cibiyar Bincike, Shugaban Sashen Inganta Kankana, Sergey Sokolov.… da yawa
a cikin wannan al’amari ya dogara da ingancin ‘ya’yan itace, iri-iri da yanayin da
Ana sanya ‘ya’yan itace, amma a zazzabi na 6-8 C da zafi na iska na 75-80%
Yawancin nau’ikan na iya kwanciya aƙalla watanni 2 zuwa shekara.
Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, sinadarai na kabewa na iya canzawa sosai.
Wani rukuni na masana kimiyya na kasar Rasha sun gudanar da bincike kan ingancin ‘ya’yan itatuwa 6
daban-daban iri dangane da shiryayye rayuwa da kuma isa
wadannan ƙarshe.:
- Kabewa carbohydrates
a lokacin ajiya suna ƙarƙashin canje-canje mafi mahimmanci. - A cikin farkon watanni 1-2 a lokacin ripening a cikin squash akwai tarawa
monosaccharides
tare da karuwa a matakinsa da 1-5% (dangane da iri-iri). - A cikin watanni 2 na farko, abun cikin sitaci
ya ragu da 30-40%. - Abubuwan busassun busassun abu suna raguwa a hankali kuma a hankali (tare da
kewayon 8,4-20,2% zuwa kewayon 7,5-19,6%, bi da bi). - Adadin carotenoids (fat-soluble shuka pigments)
kusan ninki biyu, wanda ke da alaƙa da sake tsarawa a cikin lokacin
adana tsarin ku. - Tarin carotene a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara lokacin girma yana da alaƙa
tare da karuwa a matakin sukari da kuma karuwa a cikin ayyukan irin wannan enzymes
kamar polyphenol oxidase da ascorbine oxidase. A lokaci guda, a cikin ɓawon burodi na pumpkins.
abun cikin carotene kusan ko da yaushe yana raguwa. Lokacin adana ‘ya’yan itatuwa
a cikin watanni 3 yawan adadin carotene yana raguwa a kowane iri
(51-85%). - Duk da cewa mahaifa (kimanin 10% na yawan kabewa) lokacin sarrafa shi
jefar da shi, a cikinta ne ake lura da mafi girman adadin carotene
tare da yanayin ƙara shi a cikin mahaifa ta 45-87%.
Sakamakon gama gari a cikin wannan binciken shine don amfani
duka sarrafawa da kuma raw, kabewa ne mafi alhẽri ba don adana more
watanni 3. Bayan wannan lokacin, kabewa ba ya lalacewa, amma inganci.
‘Ya’yan itacen har yanzu ana rage su sosai.
