Yadda ake samun zuma mai yawa a farashi mafi ƙanƙanci tambaya ce da ke damun duk masu kiwon zuma. Wannan yana yiwuwa idan kun ba da fifiko ga ƙudan zuma masu kyau. Karnika kudan zuma ce mai zaman lafiya kuma mai albarka. Wannan shi ne yadda mai kiwon G. Sklenar, wanda ya sadaukar da yawancin rayuwarsa ga noman wannan nau’in, ya bayyana halayen nama.
bayyanar
An bambanta nau’in ta hanyar launi mai launin toka mai launin toka tare da iyakacin iyaka. Rawan rawaya a cikin ciki yana da wuya kuma idan an lura da hakan, wannan yana nuna lokuta masu alaƙa da juna. Duk kudan zuma na karnik sun isa sosai:
- kudan zuma ma’aikaci yayi nauyi har zuwa 185 MG;
- ruwa – 230 MG;
- ruwa – 205 MG.
Kwari ba ya bambanta a cikin furcin da ake furtawa, da wuya su ciji mai shi lokacin dubawa, tsaftace amya, kuma kada ku damu yayin sufuri. Mahaifa yana ci gaba da tsutsotsi ko da lokacin da tsarin ke hannun mai shi.
Halayen irin
Wani fasali na musamman shine babban yawan aiki, har ma a yankunan da ke da ƙananan tsire-tsire na zuma. Amma tare da ɗimbin abubuwan tabbatacce, akwai ɗan ƙasa kaɗan. Wannan karamin adadin kwai ne a kullum, kusan dubu biyu, wanda adadi ne kadan.
Godiya ga zaɓin, wani nau’in carnica ya bayyana:
- pechets – bambanta ta hanyar haihuwa, halin zaman lafiya, tsabta;
- trozek – daya daga cikin tsofaffin nau’in, wanda yake da girma a cikin Yuni, Yuli, matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- Lower Austria nasa ne na arewa subspecies, na bukatar sarari yanayi a cikin amya, an bambanta da high da ake samu da kuma juriya a m yanayi yanayi;
- sklenar yana daya daga cikin nau’o’in nau’i na m, don haka da wuya a yi amfani da shi don haifuwa;
- Wintersbach trozek – wani salon subspecies, mafi amfani a kan wani m sikelin.
- celle trizek – masu kiwon kudan zuma ba safai suke amfani da su ba, yayin da kumburi ke farawa lokacin da mahaifa ya kai shekaru uku.
Karnik ba kasafai ake amfani da shi don apiaries masu zaman kansu ba. Siffar da ba ta dace ba, ƙananan ilimin game da nau’in ba ya ƙyale masu mallakar su sami waɗannan ƙudan zuma na musamman. Duk da haka, karnika a cikin apiary nata yana da yalwar zuma mai tsafta, ƙananan farashi, babu tsangwama.
Karnik irin ƙudan zuma
Wadanda suka yi sa’ar samun irin wannan iyali sun ce daga yanzu suna tara zuma da yawa. Iyali a kowace rana na iya kawo wa mai shi kilo 6 zuwa 15 na zuma mai tsafta. Masu kiwon kudan zuma suna shiga kulab ɗin masoya nau’in, suna raba gogewa da iliminsu. Wannan nau’in ƙudan zuma na Karnika ne mai ban mamaki da gaske. Mutane masu natsuwa da abokantaka, a zahiri ba sa kaiwa mutum hari idan ba su ga wata barazana a gabansu ba. Mai shi a hankali yana aiwatar da duk wani magudi tare da amya, koda ba tare da amfani da kayan kariya na sirri ba.
Karnik ƙudan zuma suna jure wa hunturu da kyau, ba sa tsoron sanyi da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin zafin jiki.
Mahimmanci!
Farkon bayyanar wannan nau’in ƙudan zuma yana faruwa a gaban sauran mutane. A lokaci guda, a cikin kwanakin farko na dumi, aikin ginin combs yana farawa.
Kudan zuma ya bambanta ba kawai a cikin bayyanarsa ba. Tambarin zuman nasu ya ɗan yi sauƙi fiye da sauran iyalai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin ginin saƙar zuma, karnik kusan ba ya amfani da propolis.
An bambanta Carnica ta babban juriya ga cututtuka. A zahiri babu lokuta tare da toxicosis, masu cin nama ba su da muni:
- parálisis
- Eventidosis;
- nosematosis.
Waɗannan ƙwararrun ma’aikata ne waɗanda, don neman tsire-tsire na zuma, suna samun tsayin kilomita da rabi sama da matakin teku. Kudan zuma yana da nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan nau’ikan bambance-bambance.
mai tafiya a ƙasa
Wannan nau’in ya fi kowa a Jamus. Jamusawa suna girmama irin. Suna alfahari cewa kawai suna da wakilai masu tsabta na karnica. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a tuna da masu kiwon zuma waɗanda suka yanke shawarar samun dangin Karnika pechets irin. Zai fi kyau saya kawai daga masu shayarwa masu dogara.
- Yana ba da babban rates a farkon shuke-shuke zuma, kwantar da hankula, m, ba m.
- Ci gaba da sauri na iyali, tsutsotsi na mahaifa har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.
- Ba kasafai suke hakowa ba kuma ana iya kawar da su ta hanyar amfani da hanyar fada da aka saba.
- Har zuwa dabaru uku a kowace kakar yana yiwuwa.
Dole ne mai gidan ya fahimci cewa kiyaye karnica yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da kasancewar drones na wannan nau’in.
Glazier
Shahararren mai kiwon Sklenar ne ya haife shi. Bayan mutuwarsa, ‘yar masanin kimiyyar ta gabatar da sabon layin 47-H-47. An dai shirya taron ne a daidai lokacin da ake cika shekaru XNUMX da rasuwa. Nau’in yana da siffofi na musamman:
- rashin tashin hankali;
- da ikon kafa manyan iyalai;
- hardiness hunturu;
- juriya cututtuka.
Ƙoƙarin ƙetare tare da wasu nau’ikan yana ba ‘ya’yan wahala girma.
Troisek
A cikin kiwo na Jamusanci, wannan shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi girman layin nau’ikan nau’ikan iri. An bambanta daidaikun mutane ta hanyar kwanciyar hankali. Suna da halaye masu kyau da yawa:
- tsaftacewa;
- rashin girman kai;
- marigayi cervix, har zuwa Nuwamba.
Ƙananan nau’ikan suna buƙatar sarari mai yawa, don haka an yi musu amya kaɗan fiye da daidaitattun. Domin haifuwa, shi ne shawarar yin amfani da kawai subspecies na triplets, in ba haka ba za ka iya samun mugunta zuriyarsa da cewa yana da kõme ba su yi tare da subspecies na carnica.
Hollesberg
Duk nau’ikan ƙudan zuma na Krajina suna da halaye masu kyau da yawa. An bambanta Hollesberg ta yadda ya dace da yawan aiki. Kamar kowane nau’in nau’in, wannan kudan zuma yana da ƙarfi. Yana jure wa hunturu da kyau, yana farawa jirgin farko da wuri. Tarin zuma yana farawa a farkon bazara kuma combs suna cika da sauri.
Wasu masu kiwon kudan zuma suna samun jirage marasa matuka kawai da sarauniyar wannan nau’in, amma ba zai yi aiki ba don samun dangi gaba ɗaya ta wannan hanyar. Waɗannan za su zama mutane masu tayar da hankali, waɗanda ba na al’ada ba ne don nau’ikan kiwo.
Varroatoleranc
Wani nau’in nau’in carnica, wanda ke da yanayin zaman lafiya da juriya ga kamuwa da cuta ta ticks. Masu apiary sun lura cewa lokacin da aka dasa mahaifa a watan Nuwamba, dukan iyalin sun kasance cikin kwanciyar hankali. Hakanan ana kiran mahaifar mahaifa a matsayin “yoshka.” Ana ci gaba da zaɓar zaɓin iri. Wannan yana ba da damar yin haifuwa har ma da yawan juriya don haifuwa daga baya. Wannan lambar ta haɗa da nau’ikan nau’ikan Varroatoleranz, wanda har yanzu ba a sami ko’ina ba a cikin masu zaman kansu.
Halayen sarauniya kudan zuma.
Kwari masu aiki tuƙuru, marasa lafiya suna nuna rashin ƙarfi. Wannan shi ne taƙaitaccen bayanin da aka yi wa ƙudan zuma irin na Karnika. Duk waɗannan ana iya danganta su da aminci ga sarauniyar wannan nau’in. Amma yana da daraja a lura da mafi halayyar bambance-bambance.
- Na musamman haihuwa. Larvae dubu biyu suna ba da haɓaka mai kyau a lamba.
- Maye gurbin mahaifa yana faruwa kusan ba zato ba tsammani ga sauran dangi.
- Kudin kowane mahaifa na wannan nau’in yana da yawa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mutum yana sanya ƙwayoyin sarauniya da yawa.
- Larvae yana buƙatar babban adadin pollen don haɓaka, wanda ƙudan zuma masu aiki ke ɗauka. In ba haka ba, mahaifa ba zai jinkirta su ba.
Wannan yana ba da tabbacin zuriya mai kyau da lafiya.
Mahimmanci!
Lokacin da aka ketare shi tare da ƙudan zuma na sauran jinsi, duk kyawawan halaye na naman suna ɓacewa.
Karnika yana da daraja ba kawai don kwanciyar hankali ba, har ma don yawan aiki. Ta hanyar samun irin waɗannan ƙudan zuma, mai shi yana da damar haɓaka tattalin arziƙi mai fa’ida sosai.
Strut
Nan da nan bayan bayyanar wannan nau’in ƙudan zuma, an dauke su kamar swarming. Wannan tsari mara kyau yana da sauƙin sarrafawa. Wani abin ban mamaki shi ne cewa kumburi mai girma ba wani abu mara kyau ba ne ba da dadewa ba. Yanzu lamarin ya dan canja. A cikin apiaries tare da manyan iyalai, wannan ya fi rashin amfani fiye da fa’ida.
Amma tsarin yana da sauƙin sarrafawa. Wannan ba shi da wahala musamman, idan aka yi la’akari da kyakkyawar niyya na kwari. Zai fi dacewa don fara lura a cikin rabi na biyu na lokacin rani. ƙwararrun masu kiwon zuma suna ba da shawarar shirya da sanya ƙarin firam don wannan lokacin. Wani lokaci irin waɗannan ayyuka masu sauƙi sun isa su ware sakamako mara kyau.
Yawan yawan amfanin gona
Yawancin ƙudan zuma suna buƙatar wurare masu yawa na tsire-tsire na zuma. Karnika baya buƙatar wannan, amma aikin kudan zuma ya fi girma. Yawancin masu wannan nau’in suna da’awar cewa bayan kafa karniki a cikin apiary, adadin zuma ya karu sosai. Shawarwari na sana’a za su yi amfani ga masu kiwon zuma:
- a hankali zabi wani subspecies na irin, mayar da hankali a kan yankin.
- kar a ba da izinin haye nau’in da gangan tare da wasu nau’ikan kudan zuma;
- kiyaye amya kusa da tsire-tsire na zuma irin su clover, rapeseed, waɗannan su ne tsire-tsire da aka fi so da kudan zuma;
- kada ku zaɓi daidaitattun amya, nama yana buƙatar sarari;
- ba a haramta ba, har ma da shawarar, don samun jiragen sama na nau’in Italiyanci a cikin dukan iyalai;
- kula da lafiyar kudan zuma.
Nauyin yana da matuƙar rashin kwanciyar hankali. Alakar haɗari tare da baƙon jirage marasa matuki na iya shafar ingancin duk zuriyar da ke gaba. Karnika ba shi da mahimmin bayanai, don haka zuri’a sun gaji halayen wasu jinsin bazuwar. A kwantar da hankula a cikin samari dabbobi bace, haihuwa ta ragu,
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Wakilan wannan nau’in suna karuwa da sauri a tsakanin masu kiwon zuma. Ana yin ƙwarin ba kawai don yawan amfanin su ba, har ma don dogon lokacin tattara zuma. Waɗannan mutane ne waɗanda aka bambanta da lafiyarsu mai kyau, tattalin arziƙin cikin kulawa. Yana da daraja nuna jerin fa’idodin halaye waɗanda suka sanya kudan zuma a buƙata a tsakanin masu apiary.
- Yawan aiki na iyali a kowace kakar, dangane da yanayin, ya kai kilo 70. Farar zuma
- Ƙananan taro, wanda yake da sauƙin hango ko kawar da shi. Sau da yawa, laifin ya ta’allaka ne ga mai kiwon kudan zuma idan an faɗaɗa wurin zama na iyali da wuri.
- Kudan zuma mai aiki na iya aiki. A sanyi, damina, da kwatsam canje-canje a zazzabi ba su daina.
- Babban matakin wari ya keɓance yiwuwar faɗuwar daidaikun mutane a cikin dangin wasu.
- Kudan zuma na zaman lafiya. Nuna zalunci kawai lokacin da akwai barazana ta gaske. Mai kiwon zuma zai iya ajiye amya ba tare da kayan kariya ba.
- Suna overwinter a cikin abin da bai cika ba. Wannan yana ajiyewa akan koto.
- Tare da zuwan bazara, iyalai suna haɓaka sosai kuma ana fara tashiwar tashiwa. Wannan yana ba da damar girbi na farko na har zuwa kilogiram 30 a kowace hive.
Amma akwai ƙananan ƙananan raguwa, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci a yi la’akari da lokacin kiwo.
- Mahaifa yana da iyakacin haihuwa. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙananan pollen abun ciki na amya.
- Saboda yawan ayyukan kwari, ƙudan zuma sun ƙare da sauri. Haka lamarin zai iya faruwa saboda kaka mai tsawo da dumi.
- Kwanaki masu dumi suna ƙarfafa Sarauniyar, wadda a wasu lokuta ta haifi ‘ya’ya har zuwa Nuwamba, wanda ke tilasta wa ma’aikacin ƙudan zuma ɗaukar karin pollen, wanda ya riga ya yi karanci a wannan lokaci na shekara.
Amma abubuwan da aka lissafa ba su shafar shaharar nau’in. Masu kiwon zuma suna haifuwa cikin nasara, ko da yake yana da wahala mai kiwon zuma ya sami zuriya iri ɗaya.
Siffofin abun ciki
Yawancin masu kiwon kudan zuma suna sha’awar tambayar: shin kudan zuma za ta iya yin hibernate kullum a cikin tsananin sanyi na Rasha? Jamus, inda aka girma Karnika, ana bambanta da lokacin sanyi. Wannan ba gaskiya bane gaba ɗaya. Manyan wuraren zama na Karnika su ne tsaunukan tsaunuka waɗanda ke kan iyakar Tekun Adriatic. Yanayin wadannan wurare ba za a iya kiransa da matsananciyar iska ba saboda yawan iska, zafi mai zafi da tsananin sanyi. Saboda haka, irin wannan yanayin yanayi ba zai zama mai lahani ga rayuwar karnica ba.
Layin Sarauniyar Kudan zuma na Norwegian yana ba shi ikon son shi ko da a cikin yanayi mara kyau, lokacin da babu yawan pollen. Amma yana shiga cikin hunturu a cikin ƙananan iyalai, don haka yawan tsira yana da yawa kuma tanadin abinci ya isa don sabon cin hanci.
Masu sha’awar kiwon kudan zuma na Karnika yakamata su bi shawarwarin kwararrun masu kiwon zuma.
- Lokacin zabar nau’ikan kudan zuma, yana da kyau a zaɓi wanda ya fi dacewa da yanayin yanayin tsarewa.
- Don ware bayyanar ‘ya’ya masu tayar da hankali, kada ku ketare nau’in tare da wasu nau’in ƙudan zuma.
- Don amfanin gona, zaku iya kiyaye mahaifar carnik da drones na Italiyanci a cikin hive a lokaci guda. Wannan dama ce ta samun dangi mai ƙarfi da zuma mai yawa.
- Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire na zuma don nama shine rapeseed, clover. Idan ba a lura da yawan waɗannan tsire-tsire a yankin ba, to yana da kyau a ba da fifiko ga sauran nau’in ƙudan zuma.
- Don guje wa cunkoso, cire firam ɗin tare da tsintsiya madaurinki ɗaya, bar komai.
An daidaita yanayin da aka lissafa, to, karnik shine ainihin kudan zuma wanda zai kawo nasara ga mai kiwon kudan zuma. Ana amfani da nau’in rayayye a cikin apiaries masu zaman kansu da kuma masana’antu kiwo.
